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    企業(yè)分配優(yōu)先股股利的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該怎么做會(huì)計(jì)分錄呢?
    2020-04-15 16:25:00 2360 瀏覽

    分配股利,之前我們已經(jīng)說了普通股分配股利,接下來就是優(yōu)先股分配股利,優(yōu)先股和普通股有沒有哪些不同呢,和小編一起看看吧。

    企業(yè)分配優(yōu)先股股利的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該怎么做會(huì)計(jì)分錄呢?

    (一)優(yōu)先股

    優(yōu)先股是享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票,對(duì)企業(yè)的資產(chǎn)、利潤的分配享有優(yōu)先權(quán),但對(duì)公司的事務(wù)無表決權(quán),對(duì)公司的經(jīng)營沒有參與權(quán),沒有選舉和被選舉權(quán),權(quán)利范圍較小,而且優(yōu)先股股東不能退股,只能通過贖回條款被公司贖回。當(dāng)公司資不抵債,解散的時(shí)候,分配公司的剩余資產(chǎn)時(shí),優(yōu)先股股東可以優(yōu)于普通股股東行使索償權(quán)。

    (二)有關(guān)優(yōu)先股的會(huì)計(jì)分錄

    1、分配優(yōu)先股股利時(shí):

    借:利潤分配——應(yīng)付優(yōu)先股股利

     貸:應(yīng)付股利——優(yōu)先股股利

    2、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)利潤分配

    借:利潤分配——未分配利潤

     貸:利潤分配——應(yīng)付優(yōu)先股股利

    (三)優(yōu)先股股利的計(jì)算公式

    優(yōu)先股股利=優(yōu)先股的股數(shù)*優(yōu)先股面值*優(yōu)先股利率

    (四)優(yōu)先股股息

    說完了優(yōu)先股股利,我們來說一下優(yōu)先股股息,它是購買優(yōu)先股股票獲得的股份收益,一般是以固定的金額或者是股票票面價(jià)值決定的,不隨著企業(yè)利潤的增長而增長。

    (五)優(yōu)先股股息計(jì)算

    通過股利貼現(xiàn)模型算出,如果股息保持不變,V=D/r,V=優(yōu)先股價(jià)格,D=股息,r=必要收益率/貼現(xiàn)率。

    以上就是有關(guān)優(yōu)先股的一些內(nèi)容,希望可以幫助到大家,那么,以固定資產(chǎn)入股的會(huì)計(jì)分錄怎么做呢?

     


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    2020年ACCA高頻考點(diǎn):英國稅法體系介紹
    2020-10-09 14:59:44 721 瀏覽

      相信大家在學(xué)習(xí)ACCA“Taxation”這門學(xué)科課程時(shí)候,當(dāng)中會(huì)涉及比較多英國納稅體系相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn),然而有比較多考生會(huì)對(duì)這部分知識(shí)存在疑惑及不理解,為了更好幫助大家認(rèn)識(shí)這一塊內(nèi)容,會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)就跟各位詳細(xì)介紹關(guān)于英國稅法體系的考點(diǎn)知識(shí)。

    2020年ACCA高頻考點(diǎn)

      01、稅收的基本功能function和目的purpose是什么?

      稅收是一種強(qiáng)有力的政策工具,也是主要的財(cái)政收入來源之一。它的存在,對(duì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮著重要作用,主要體現(xiàn)在如下三個(gè)方面:

      A)Economic factors(Encourage and discourage certain types of activity:用來鼓勵(lì)或者抑制某些特定類型的活動(dòng),比如為了國民健康的角度考慮,煙酒的稅率相對(duì)較高,一定程度上增大了消費(fèi)成本)

      B)Social factors(Redistribute income and wealth:對(duì)收入或者財(cái)富的再分配,納稅的金額是根據(jù)收入的高低呈階梯狀分布的,可以簡單理解為收入越高或財(cái)富累計(jì)值越多的人,需要繳納的稅賦也越多。通過這種累進(jìn)稅progressive tax的方式,可以一定程度上調(diào)節(jié)社會(huì)的貧富差距。)

      C)Environmental factors(To deal with environmental concerns like global warming:可以通過稅收的調(diào)節(jié)提高國民環(huán)保的意識(shí),比如高排車征稅多,而環(huán)境友好型或者電動(dòng)車會(huì)更多地被鼓勵(lì)使用。)

      02、稅賦的類型different types of taxes

      A) Direct taxes直接稅

      是由承擔(dān)納稅義務(wù)的人直接向稅務(wù)局納稅,而不是繳納給商家/賣家。常見的稅賦類型包括了Income tax,Corporation tax,National insurance contribution,Capital gains tax,Inheritance tax幾種。

      B) Indirect taxes間接稅

      不是直接將稅交給稅務(wù)局,而是交給商家/賣家,由其代交給稅務(wù)局。所以向稅務(wù)局納稅的人,并不是直接承擔(dān)納稅義務(wù)方。Value added tax增值稅是一個(gè)典型的例子。

      C) Revenue taxes收入稅

      這個(gè)指的是根據(jù)納稅人的收入水平征收的稅,一般來說收入越高,納稅越多。常見的稅賦類型包括了Income tax,Corporation tax(on income profits的部分),National insurance contribution幾種。

      D) Capital taxes資本稅

      這個(gè)是由于資產(chǎn)自身的增值等帶來了資本利得或者財(cái)富,進(jìn)而征收的稅款。一般來說增值越多,價(jià)值越高,納稅越多。常見的稅賦類型包括了Capital gains tax,Corporation tax(on capital gains的部分),Inheritance tax幾種。

      03、英國稅收系統(tǒng)UK tax system

      根據(jù)英國的稅收系統(tǒng)基本框架結(jié)構(gòu)及其部門設(shè)置,可將主線分為兩條。一邊是負(fù)責(zé)做事情的財(cái)政部Her Majesty’s Treasury,另一邊是負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管的皇家檢察署Crown Prosecution Service(CPS)。

      A) 財(cái)政部Her Majesty’s Treasury

      財(cái)政部下設(shè)稅務(wù)及海關(guān)總署Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs(HMRC),其中又細(xì)分為Officers of Revenue and Customs對(duì)稅款進(jìn)行核對(duì),以及Receivable Management Officers對(duì)具體款項(xiàng)進(jìn)行征收。

      B) 皇家檢察署Crown Prosecution Service(CPS)

      皇家檢察署下設(shè)稅務(wù)法庭Tax Tribunal稅務(wù)法庭,主要分成一級(jí)法院First tier tribunal(針對(duì)金額小的,案件簡單,即Basic cases; standard cases; Paper cases)和二級(jí)法院Upper tribunal(針對(duì)金額大的,案件復(fù)雜,即Complex case)。

      當(dāng)一級(jí)法院First Tier Tribunal無法做決定時(shí),可以進(jìn)一步匯報(bào)給二級(jí)法院Upper Tribunal,或者再由二級(jí)法院Upper Tribunal再進(jìn)一步匯報(bào)到法庭Court of Appeal.

      04、具有法律效力的幾大法案來源Different sources of revenue law

      A) Acts of Parliament議會(huì)成文法案

      B) Statutory Instruments法定文書

      C) Case law判例法

      D) 除此之外稅務(wù)局還會(huì)出具一些公開的信息,統(tǒng)稱為 HMRC publication, 起輔助稅務(wù)管理的作用,但是不具法律效力:

      (a) Statements of practice, setting out how they intend to apply the law

      實(shí)踐聲明,具體解釋它如何運(yùn)用于法律

      (b) Extra-statutory concessions, setting out circumstances in which they will not apply the strict letter of the law where it would be unfair

      法外特許,關(guān)于法律不能被嚴(yán)格遵守時(shí)的特殊情況說明

      (c) A wide range of explanatory leaflets

      其他廣泛的解釋

      (d) Revenue and Customs Brief. This is gives HMRC's view on specific points

      稅務(wù)及海關(guān)簡述,稅務(wù)局對(duì)某些具體問題的闡述

      (e) The Internal Guidance, a series of manuals used by HMRC staff

      內(nèi)部指南,稅務(wù)局工作人員從業(yè)手冊(cè)

      05、節(jié)稅與逃稅Tax avoidance and tax evasion

      A)Tax avoidance節(jié)稅

      指的是合理避稅,也就是說通過稅務(wù)籌劃tax planning的方式,在不違法法律條款的前提下,來達(dá)到減免稅賦reduce tax burden的目的。

      這種行為是合法Legal的。

      B)Tax evasion逃稅

      指的是逃稅漏稅,也就是說通過誤導(dǎo)稅務(wù)局Misleading HMRC的方式,暗中篡改數(shù)據(jù)或事實(shí),故意隱瞞某些特定信息suppressing information或者故意提供虛假信息deliberately providing false information,以此來達(dá)到少交稅的目的。

      這種行為是不合法Illegal的。

      06、道德相關(guān)問題Ethical and professional issues

      作為專業(yè)的會(huì)計(jì)師,我們?cè)诮o客戶提供稅務(wù)相關(guān)的專業(yè)服務(wù)時(shí),不可忽視的是職業(yè)道德的問題。在遇到客戶逃稅漏稅或者其他不合理行為時(shí),我們要及時(shí)作出正確的處理。

      A)The accountant has a responsibility to advise the client of the error, omission or failure and recommend that disclosure be made to HMRC.

      會(huì)計(jì)師有責(zé)任針對(duì)客戶的錯(cuò)誤、信息缺失或其他行為為客戶提供專業(yè)的建議,告知顧客應(yīng)該按照相關(guān)規(guī)定向稅務(wù)局進(jìn)行披露。

      B)If the client does not correct the error, omission or failure , the accountant should cease to act for the client and inform the client in writing.

      如果顧客不及時(shí)改正錯(cuò)誤,會(huì)計(jì)師應(yīng)該立刻終止服務(wù),并且以書面的形式正式地通知客戶。

      A)The accountant should also notify HMRC that the accountant no longer acts for the client but should not provide details of the reason for ceasing to act.

      會(huì)計(jì)師應(yīng)該通知稅務(wù)局不再為顧客提供專業(yè)的稅務(wù)服務(wù),但是不需提供具體細(xì)節(jié)性的說明(關(guān)于終止服務(wù)的具體原因)。

      B)Report the client's refusal and the facts surrounding it to the Money Laundering Reporting Officer.

      會(huì)計(jì)師應(yīng)該把顧客的行為和相關(guān)事實(shí)及時(shí)匯報(bào)給洗錢相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)MLRO。

      C)The accountant must not disclose to the client that such a report has been made because it would be likely to prejudice investigation and this might constitute the criminal offence of 'tipping-off'.

      會(huì)計(jì)師不能向客戶通風(fēng)報(bào)信,可能會(huì)提前讓顧客有所準(zhǔn)備而妨礙到相關(guān)調(diào)查的進(jìn)行。

      本文為ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫原創(chuàng)文章,獨(dú)家版權(quán)歸于本平臺(tái),受到原創(chuàng)保護(hù)。任何渠道的轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)后臺(tái)留言聯(lián)系授權(quán),侵權(quán)必究。

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    優(yōu)先股股利怎么做賬務(wù)處理?
    2020-10-30 14:16:05 1627 瀏覽

      由于優(yōu)先股股東享有股息分配的優(yōu)先權(quán),因此企業(yè)必須在分配普通股股利前分配優(yōu)先股股利。分配優(yōu)先股股利時(shí),應(yīng)如何做賬務(wù)處理?

    股利分配

      優(yōu)先股股利如何做賬?

      分配優(yōu)先股股利:

      借:利潤分配——應(yīng)付優(yōu)先股股利

             貸:應(yīng)付股利——優(yōu)先股股利

      結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)利潤分配的明細(xì)科目:

      借:利潤分配——未分配利潤

             貸:利潤分配——應(yīng)付優(yōu)先股股利

      優(yōu)先股股利是什么?

      優(yōu)先股股利是指企業(yè)按優(yōu)先股發(fā)放章程的相關(guān)規(guī)定,按約定的股息率或金額發(fā)放給優(yōu)先股股東的報(bào)酬。因優(yōu)先股股東擁有股息分配的優(yōu)先權(quán),因此,普通股股東分派股利時(shí),需以付清當(dāng)年或積欠的優(yōu)先股股利為條件,必須在分派普通股股利之前分派優(yōu)先股股利。

      發(fā)放優(yōu)先股股利包括兩種形式:累積紅利、非累積紅利。

      發(fā)行優(yōu)先股的公司規(guī)定,當(dāng)公司出現(xiàn)虧損或獲利不多時(shí),公司在來年可補(bǔ)發(fā)“積欠的紅利”,這種股利稱為“累積優(yōu)先股”。

      公司在發(fā)行優(yōu)先股時(shí)規(guī)定,公司只按當(dāng)年經(jīng)營狀況發(fā)放股利,若是公司由于經(jīng)營困難,無法支付紅利,那么對(duì)于優(yōu)先股股東而言,也就無法再得到該年度的紅利了,這種優(yōu)先股稱為“非累積優(yōu)先股”。

      優(yōu)先股與普通股的區(qū)別

      優(yōu)先股與普通股的區(qū)別在于:優(yōu)先股有固定的股息率,不參與紅利分配,但普通股有參與紅利分配;公司破產(chǎn)清算時(shí),就清償順序而言,優(yōu)先股股東先于普通股股東;公司分配股利時(shí),優(yōu)先股股東先于普通股股東獲得股息。

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    優(yōu)先股和普通股是怎么區(qū)分的?
    2020-12-11 18:53:45 862 瀏覽

      優(yōu)先股與普通股相比,具有優(yōu)先權(quán)的特性,普通股是股票中最基本、最常見的一種,那么優(yōu)先股和普通股應(yīng)如何區(qū)分?

    優(yōu)先股和普通股區(qū)別

      優(yōu)先股和普通股的主要區(qū)別

      1、優(yōu)先股有固定的股息率,不參與紅利分配,普通股票則參與紅利分配。

      2、當(dāng)公司破產(chǎn)清算時(shí)候,優(yōu)先股股東清償順序在普通股股東之前。

      3、在公司分配股利時(shí),優(yōu)先股股東先于普通股股東獲得股息。

      4、優(yōu)先股股東一般沒有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán),對(duì)股份公司的重大經(jīng)營決策無投票表決權(quán),但在某些情況下可以享有有限投票表決權(quán)。有限投票表決權(quán)是指優(yōu)先股股東在股東大會(huì)無表決權(quán),但股東大會(huì)討論與優(yōu)先股股東利益有關(guān)的事項(xiàng)時(shí),優(yōu)先股股東具有表決權(quán)。

      優(yōu)先股既像公司債券,又像公司股票,因此優(yōu)先股籌資屬于混合籌資,其籌資特點(diǎn)兼有債務(wù)籌資和股權(quán)籌資性質(zhì)。

      優(yōu)先股和普通股的特點(diǎn)

      優(yōu)先股特點(diǎn):

      一是優(yōu)先股通常預(yù)先定明股息收益率。由于優(yōu)先股股息率事先固定,所以優(yōu)先股的股息一般不會(huì)根據(jù)公司經(jīng)營情況而增減,而且一般也不能參與公司的分紅,但優(yōu)先股可以先于普通股獲得股息,對(duì)公司來說,由于股息固定,它不影響公司的利潤分配。

      二是優(yōu)先股的權(quán)利范圍小。優(yōu)先股股東一般沒有選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán),對(duì)股份公司的重大經(jīng)營無投票權(quán),但在某些情況下可以享有投票權(quán)。

      如果公司股東大會(huì)需要討論與優(yōu)先股有關(guān)的索償權(quán),即優(yōu)先股的索償權(quán)先于普通股,而次于債權(quán)人,優(yōu)先股的優(yōu)先權(quán)主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面:

      (1)股息領(lǐng)取優(yōu)先權(quán)。 股份公司分派股息的順序是優(yōu)先股在前,普通股在后。股份公司不論其盈利多少,只要股東大會(huì)決定分派股息,優(yōu)先股就可按照事先確定的股息率領(lǐng)取股息,即使普遍減少或沒有股息,優(yōu)先股亦應(yīng)照常分派股息。

      (2)剩余資產(chǎn)分配優(yōu)先權(quán)。股份公司在解散、破產(chǎn)清算時(shí),優(yōu)先股具有公司剩余資產(chǎn)的分配優(yōu)先權(quán),不過,優(yōu)先股的優(yōu)先分配權(quán)在債權(quán)人之后,而在普通股之前。只有還清公司債權(quán)人債務(wù)之后,有剩余資產(chǎn)時(shí),優(yōu)先股才具有剩余資產(chǎn)的分配權(quán)。只有在優(yōu)先股索償之后,普通股才參與分配。

      普通股特點(diǎn):

      (1)持有普通股的股東有權(quán)獲得股利,但必須是在公司支付了債息和優(yōu)先股的股息之后才能分得。普通股的股利是不固定的,一般視公司凈利潤的多少而定。當(dāng)公司經(jīng)營有方,利潤不斷遞增時(shí)普通股能夠比優(yōu)先股多分得股利,股利率甚至可以超過50%;但趕上公司經(jīng)營不善的年頭,也可能連一分錢都得不到,甚至可能連本也賠掉。

      (2) 當(dāng)公司因破產(chǎn)或結(jié)業(yè)而進(jìn)行清算時(shí),普通股東有權(quán)分得公司剩余資產(chǎn),但普通股東必須在公司的債權(quán)人、優(yōu)先股股東之后才能分得財(cái)產(chǎn),財(cái)產(chǎn)多時(shí)多分,少時(shí)少分,沒有則只能作罷。由此可見,普通股東與公司的命運(yùn)更加息息相關(guān),榮辱與共。當(dāng)公司獲得暴利時(shí),普通股東是主要的受益者;而當(dāng)公司虧損時(shí),他們又是主要的受損者。

      (3) 普通股東一般都擁有發(fā)言權(quán)和表決權(quán),即有權(quán)就公司重大問題進(jìn)行發(fā)言和投票表決。普通股東持有一股便有一股的投票權(quán),持有兩股者便有兩股的投票權(quán)。任何普通股東都有資格參加公司最高級(jí)會(huì)議棗每年一次的股東大會(huì),但如果不愿參加,也可以委托代理人來行使其投票權(quán)。

      (4)普通股東一般具有優(yōu)先認(rèn)股權(quán),即當(dāng)公司增發(fā)新普通股時(shí),現(xiàn)有股東有權(quán)優(yōu)先(可能還以低價(jià))購買新發(fā)行的股票,以保持其對(duì)企業(yè)所有權(quán)的原百分比不變,從而維持其在公司中的權(quán)益。

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    優(yōu)先股的優(yōu)點(diǎn)有哪些?
    2021-03-29 22:31:07 1533 瀏覽

      優(yōu)先股是指具有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票,其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小,對(duì)于優(yōu)先股股東而言,他們不能退股。那么手持優(yōu)先股有哪些優(yōu)點(diǎn)?

    優(yōu)先股優(yōu)點(diǎn)

      優(yōu)先股的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

      1、財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)輕。如果公司發(fā)生財(cái)務(wù)狀況惡化情況,優(yōu)先股票股利因?yàn)椴皇前l(fā)行公司必須償付的一項(xiàng)法定債務(wù)而可以不承擔(dān),減輕了企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)。

      2、財(cái)務(wù)上靈活機(jī)動(dòng)。優(yōu)先股的實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種永續(xù)性借款。它沒有最終到期期限。企業(yè)可在有利條件下收回優(yōu)先股票,具有較大的靈活性。

      3、財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小。由于從債權(quán)人的角度看,優(yōu)先股屬于公司股本,從而鞏固了公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況,提高了公司的舉債能力,因此,財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小。

      4、不減少普通股票收益和控制權(quán)。優(yōu)先股票每股收益與普通股票相比看是固定的,只要企業(yè)優(yōu)先股票成本率低于凈資產(chǎn)收益率,普通股票每股收益就會(huì)上升;優(yōu)先股票不影響普通股股東對(duì)企業(yè)的控制權(quán)。

      優(yōu)先股和普通股的區(qū)別

      兩者的區(qū)別在于:

      1、收益不同:優(yōu)先股會(huì)預(yù)先約定好股息分配率,無論公司的經(jīng)營如何,都是按照這個(gè)分配比例來分配。而普通股的收益就得看公司的經(jīng)營狀況。

      2、權(quán)利不同:優(yōu)先股通常是沒有參與公司管理決策的權(quán)利的,也沒有發(fā)言權(quán)和投票表決權(quán)。而普通股則是有參與公司管理決策的權(quán)利的。

      3、資產(chǎn)分配順序不同:當(dāng)公司破產(chǎn)清算的時(shí)候,優(yōu)先股是可以優(yōu)先獲得公司剩余資產(chǎn)的分配的,其清償順序在普通股之前。

      4、退股情況不同:優(yōu)先股不能退股,但可以通過贖回條款回售給公司。而普通股不僅不能退股,還只能在二級(jí)市場上變現(xiàn)退出。

      優(yōu)先股賬務(wù)處理是什么?

      借:銀行存款

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

          資本公積(如果溢價(jià)發(fā)行)

      或者:

      借:銀行存款

        資本公積(如果折價(jià)發(fā)行)

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

      或者:

      借:銀行存款

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股(如果平價(jià)發(fā)行)

      股本指的是股份公司用發(fā)行股票方式組成的資本,同時(shí),其他合伙經(jīng)營的工商企業(yè)的資金或資本也可以被稱為股本。在股市中,人們會(huì)將股份的總額稱作是股本,所以公司股本一般就能夠反應(yīng)一家公司的注冊(cè)資本,是一個(gè)十分重要的指標(biāo)。

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    優(yōu)先股的賬務(wù)處理是什么?
    2021-03-31 13:21:48 2472 瀏覽

      優(yōu)先股是指享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票,其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。對(duì)于擁有優(yōu)先股的股東而言,享有優(yōu)先權(quán),但對(duì)公司事務(wù)無表決權(quán)。對(duì)于優(yōu)先股,應(yīng)如何進(jìn)行賬務(wù)處理?

    優(yōu)先股做賬

      優(yōu)先股如何做賬?

      借:銀行存款

             貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

                    資本公積(溢價(jià)發(fā)行)

      或:

      借:銀行存款

             資本公積(折價(jià)發(fā)行)

             貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

      或:

      借:銀行存款

             貸:股本——優(yōu)先股 (平價(jià)發(fā)行)

      優(yōu)先股的主要分類

      (1)可轉(zhuǎn)換優(yōu)先股與不可轉(zhuǎn)換優(yōu)先股??赊D(zhuǎn)換的優(yōu)先股是指優(yōu)先股持有人在特定條件下可以把優(yōu)先股轉(zhuǎn)換成為普通股。若不可轉(zhuǎn)換則為不可轉(zhuǎn)換優(yōu)先股。

      (2)參與優(yōu)先股與非參與優(yōu)先股。參與優(yōu)先股是指當(dāng)企業(yè)利潤增大時(shí)可以跟普通股共同參與利潤分配的優(yōu)先股。而對(duì)于不可以再參與利潤分配的優(yōu)先股,稱為“非參與優(yōu)先股”。對(duì)投資者來說,參與優(yōu)先股比非參與優(yōu)先股更為有利。

      (3)累積優(yōu)先股和非累積優(yōu)先股。累積優(yōu)先股是指在該年公司沒有分派規(guī)定的股利時(shí),日后優(yōu)先股的股東可以對(duì)未給付的股息要求補(bǔ)給。而非累積優(yōu)先股的股東不可要求公司在以后年度補(bǔ)發(fā)。對(duì)投資者來說,累積優(yōu)先股比非累積優(yōu)先股具有更為有利。

      (4)可收回優(yōu)先股與不可收回優(yōu)先股。可收回優(yōu)先股是指允許發(fā)行該類股票的公司可以將已發(fā)生的優(yōu)先股收回。若不可以收回則為不可收回優(yōu)先股。

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    購入股票如何做賬務(wù)處理?
    2021-04-26 14:26:31 1368 瀏覽

      許多人都會(huì)購買股票作為一項(xiàng)投資,企業(yè)的股票一般可以分為優(yōu)先股和普通股,當(dāng)企業(yè)購入股票時(shí)一般計(jì)入交易性金融資產(chǎn)科目核算,相關(guān)的賬務(wù)處理怎么做?

    購入股票分錄

      購入股票的會(huì)計(jì)分錄

      購入股票作為交易性金融資產(chǎn)會(huì)計(jì)分錄:

      借:交易性金融資產(chǎn)——成本

        應(yīng)收股利

        投資收益(交易費(fèi)用)

        貸:銀行存款

      購入股票作為其他權(quán)益工具投資會(huì)計(jì)分錄:

      借:其他權(quán)益工具投資——成本(公允價(jià)值與交易費(fèi)用之和)

        應(yīng)收股利

        貸:銀行存款

      什么是股票?

      股票是股份公司發(fā)行的所有權(quán)憑證,是股份公司為籌集資金而發(fā)行給各個(gè)股東作為持股憑證并借以取得股息和紅利的一種有價(jià)證券。

      股票可以轉(zhuǎn)讓、買賣,是資本市場的主要長期信用工具,但不能要求公司返還其出資。股東憑借它可以分享公司成長或交易市場波動(dòng)帶來的利潤,但也要共同承擔(dān)公司運(yùn)作錯(cuò)誤所帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

      普通股和優(yōu)先股是什么?

      普通股是享有普通權(quán)利、承擔(dān)普通義務(wù)的股份,是公司股份的最基本形式。普通股的股東對(duì)公司的管理、收益享有平等權(quán)利,根據(jù)公司經(jīng)營效益分紅,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。

      優(yōu)先股是指公司在籌集資金時(shí),給予投資者某些優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票。優(yōu)先股的股東對(duì)公司資產(chǎn)、利潤分配等享有優(yōu)先權(quán),其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。但是優(yōu)先股股東對(duì)公司事務(wù)無表決權(quán)。

      交易性金融資產(chǎn)是什么?

      交易性金融資產(chǎn)是指企業(yè)打算通過積極管理和交易以獲取利潤的債權(quán)證券和權(quán)益證券。企業(yè)通常會(huì)頻繁買賣這類證券以期在短期價(jià)格變化中獲取利潤。

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    發(fā)行優(yōu)先股的會(huì)計(jì)分錄怎么做?
    2021-05-18 14:53:59 2300 瀏覽

      股份有限公司除了發(fā)行普通股,還會(huì)發(fā)行優(yōu)先股,優(yōu)先股的股東在公司資產(chǎn)、利潤分配等方面享有優(yōu)先權(quán),那么公司發(fā)行優(yōu)先股的會(huì)計(jì)分錄該怎么做?

    發(fā)行優(yōu)先股分錄

      發(fā)行優(yōu)先股會(huì)計(jì)分錄

     ?。?、溢價(jià)發(fā)行:

      借:銀行存款

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

          資本公積

      2、折價(jià)發(fā)行:

      借:銀行存款

        資本公積

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

     ?。场⑵絻r(jià)發(fā)行:

      借:銀行存款

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

      資本公積是什么?

      資本公積是指企業(yè)在經(jīng)營過程中由于接受捐贈(zèng)、股本溢價(jià)以及法定財(cái)產(chǎn)重估增值等原因所形成的公積金。資本公積是與企業(yè)收益無關(guān)而與資本相關(guān)的貸項(xiàng),是投資者或者他人投入到企業(yè)、所有權(quán)歸屬于投資者、并且投入金額上超過法定資本部分的資本。

      股本是什么?

      股本指的是股份公司用發(fā)行股票方式組成的資本,同時(shí),其他合伙經(jīng)營的工商企業(yè)的資金或資本也可以被稱為股本。公司股本一般就能夠反應(yīng)一家公司的注冊(cè)資本,是一個(gè)十分重要的指標(biāo)。

      優(yōu)先股是什么?

      優(yōu)先股是享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票。優(yōu)先股的股東對(duì)公司資產(chǎn)、利潤分配等享有優(yōu)先權(quán),其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。但是優(yōu)先股股東對(duì)公司事務(wù)無表決權(quán),也沒有選舉以及被選舉權(quán),優(yōu)先股股東不能退股,只能通過優(yōu)先股的贖回條款被公司贖回。優(yōu)先股通常預(yù)先定明確的股息收益率,且股權(quán)的范圍小,優(yōu)先股的索償權(quán)先于普通股,而次于債權(quán)人。

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    優(yōu)先股是什么意思?會(huì)計(jì)分錄怎么做?
    2021-07-15 17:03:01 846 瀏覽

      優(yōu)先股,即享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票。在日常工作當(dāng)中,很多財(cái)會(huì)人碰到優(yōu)先股并不清楚怎么做賬務(wù)處理,接下來我們來看看吧。

    優(yōu)先股是什么意思?

      優(yōu)先股是什么意思?

      優(yōu)先股是享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票。優(yōu)先股的股東對(duì)公司資產(chǎn)、利潤分配等享有優(yōu)先權(quán),其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。但是優(yōu)先股股東對(duì)公司事務(wù)無表決權(quán)。優(yōu)先股股東沒有選舉及被選舉權(quán),一般來說對(duì)公司的經(jīng)營沒有參與權(quán),優(yōu)先股股東不能退股,只能通過優(yōu)先股的贖回條款被公司贖回。

      優(yōu)先股的會(huì)計(jì)分錄

      借:銀行存款

      貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

      資本公積(如果溢價(jià)發(fā)行)

      或者:

      借:銀行存款

      資本公積(如果折價(jià)發(fā)行)

      貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

      或者:

      借:銀行存款

      貸:股本——優(yōu)先股(如果平價(jià)發(fā)行)

      股份資本是指通過發(fā)行股票將許多個(gè)別資本聯(lián)合為集團(tuán)資本的一種資本形式。股份資本企業(yè),是股份公司。股份公司的資本,不單獨(dú)屬于某個(gè)股票所有者或股東,而歸全體股東集團(tuán)所有。

      優(yōu)先股的特征:

      固定的股息率。優(yōu)先股股息是固定的,因此優(yōu)先股的定價(jià)與普通股不同,優(yōu)先股的價(jià)格與公司的經(jīng)營狀況關(guān)系不如普通股密切。

      股息分派優(yōu)先。在股份公司盈利分配順序上,公司盈利首先應(yīng)支付債權(quán)人的本金和利息,繳納稅金;其次是支付優(yōu)先股股息;最后才是分配普通股紅利。

      剩余資產(chǎn)分配優(yōu)先。當(dāng)股份公司因解散或破產(chǎn)進(jìn)行清算時(shí),在公司剩余資產(chǎn)的分配上,優(yōu)先股的受償順序在普通股之前,在公司債權(quán)之后。

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    優(yōu)先股與債券有什么區(qū)別?
    2021-07-17 15:43:02 2107 瀏覽

      優(yōu)先股與普通股對(duì)比,在公司盈利和剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)分配權(quán)利方面,前者具有優(yōu)先權(quán)。而債權(quán)又稱為固定收益證券,對(duì)于優(yōu)先股和債券,應(yīng)如何區(qū)分?

    優(yōu)先股和債券

      優(yōu)先股與債券的區(qū)別

      1、兩者的法律屬性不同。

      這是優(yōu)先股與債券的根本區(qū)別,優(yōu)先股的法律屬性還屬于股票。

      2、到期還本付息不同。

      優(yōu)先股沒有到期的概念,發(fā)行人沒有償還本金的壓力;而除了永續(xù)債券這種特殊的混合證券外,對(duì)于絕大多數(shù)債券需要到期還本付息。

      3、收益不確定性不同。

      在公司出現(xiàn)虧損或者利潤不足支付優(yōu)先股股息時(shí),優(yōu)先股股東相應(yīng)的保障機(jī)制包括:如有約定,可將所欠股息累積到下一年度;恢復(fù)表決權(quán)直至公司支付所欠股息。而對(duì)于債券持有人而言,定期還本付息屬于公司必須履行的強(qiáng)制義務(wù),如果公司不能按時(shí)還本付息會(huì)構(gòu)成違約事件,公司有破產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此從風(fēng)險(xiǎn)角度來說,優(yōu)先股的股息收益不確定性大于債券。

      優(yōu)先股股利的計(jì)算公式

      優(yōu)先股股利的計(jì)算公式:優(yōu)先股股利=優(yōu)先股的股數(shù)×優(yōu)先股面值×優(yōu)先股利率,優(yōu)先股股利,是指企業(yè)按優(yōu)先股發(fā)放章程的有關(guān)規(guī)定,按約定的股息率或金額發(fā)放給優(yōu)先股股東的報(bào)酬。

      優(yōu)先股的定義

      優(yōu)先股,就是享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票,在公司盈利和剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)分配權(quán)利方面,優(yōu)先于普通股,其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。作為優(yōu)先股股東,在收益分配上享受優(yōu)先權(quán),在公司解散清算時(shí),也擁有優(yōu)先獲賠權(quán),不過他們沒有表決權(quán),享受固定股息。

      債券是什么意思?

      債券通常又稱固定收益證券,能夠提供固定數(shù)額或根據(jù)固定公式計(jì)算出的現(xiàn)金流。

      貨幣市場證券主要是短期性、高流動(dòng)性證券;而固定收益資本市場中交易的則是長期債券。

      債券市場是債券發(fā)行和買賣交易的場所,將需要資金的政府機(jī)構(gòu)或公司與資金盈余的投資者聯(lián)系起來。債券發(fā)行人通過發(fā)行債券籌集的資金一般都有固定期限,債券到期時(shí)債務(wù)人必須按時(shí)歸還本金并支付約定的利息。

      按償還期限分類,債券可分為短期債券、中期債券和長期債券。

      短期債券,一般而言,其償還期在1年以下。美國的短期國債的期限通常為3個(gè)月或6個(gè)月。中期債券的償還期一般為1~10年,長期債券的償還期一般為10年以上。

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    ACCA(F9)考題趨勢(shì),高頻考點(diǎn)有哪些?
    2021-07-29 14:13:26 709 瀏覽

      在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)9相對(duì)來說也是一門難度比較高的科目,尤其每到了最后沖刺階段,很多同學(xué)都抓不住重點(diǎn)而導(dǎo)致失分嚴(yán)重,對(duì)此會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)就跟大家講解F9一些高頻考點(diǎn)及考題趨勢(shì)。

    ACCA(F9)考題趨勢(shì)

      考題趨勢(shì)

      非大題部分 (Section A and B):

      概念題與計(jì)算型題目分?jǐn)?shù)比重依然維持一半一半的預(yù)期,但由于有上午,下午,晚上三場考試,很有可能有同學(xué)抽到的卷子概念題的分?jǐn)?shù)比重要大于計(jì)算題。

      文字概念題考點(diǎn)考的很細(xì),所以同學(xué)們需要對(duì)著每個(gè)chapter的mindmap把所有的知識(shí)點(diǎn)過至少一遍。同時(shí),一定要配套刷選擇題!一定要刷題!一定要刷題!重要的事情說三遍!

      Section B 預(yù)計(jì)Part G和Part F部分會(huì)各出一道案例,Part C可能會(huì)出一道,但概率不大。Part G的案例題很可能會(huì)考得比較難,一定要刷題!可以做以前筆試時(shí)Part G的大題,以提升解決Part G部分問題的能力。

      Part G必做題:

      2012 JUN Q3 (d) Forex Risk & (e) /2012 DEC Q3 (c) Interest rate risk/2016 JUN B2 Forex Risk: Forward + Money market hedge (Payment) + Interest risk type/2015 JUN B1 Forward + Money market hedge (Receipt)

      大題 (Section C):

      基本形成Part E一道大題,Part D一道大題的格局。但不排除有學(xué)生抽到的試卷其中一道是Part C大題的可能性; 論述的比重會(huì)稍微超過計(jì)算一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

      悄悄話:上一次機(jī)考有學(xué)生反映,上午,下午,晚上抽到同樣的題。在晚上或下午考的同學(xué)可以咨詢一下當(dāng)天考過的同學(xué)抽到了什么題。

      第三部分 大題考點(diǎn)

      (順序越往后頻率越低)

      1、計(jì)算

      高頻考點(diǎn):

      (1)NPV計(jì)算

      (2)WACC計(jì)算(注:對(duì)WACC的計(jì)算基本就囊括了Part E所有的計(jì)算,Ke、Kd、Kdat、WACC、Adjusted WACC等)

      (3)Financial Effect

      eg: 2015 JUN Q4(a) Right issue/2013 JUN Q4 (a)(b)(c)

      中頻考點(diǎn):

      (1)Capital Rationing, Risk and Uncertainty, Lease or Buy及Asset Replacement計(jì)算

      (2)Debt和equity market Value的計(jì)算,及基于此計(jì)算Gearing等等一系列衍生的計(jì)算(注:很大程度上是資本成本計(jì)算的反向運(yùn)用)

      (3) Early Settlement Discount,F(xiàn)actoring,EOQ及Payable Management計(jì)算

      (4)Cash operating cycle, overtrading的計(jì)算

      低頻考點(diǎn):

      (1)IRR計(jì)算

      (2)Cash management models, Cash Budgeting

      2、論述:(論述題要求同學(xué)對(duì)知識(shí)理解融會(huì)貫通,并能結(jié)合案例,更好的是能兩個(gè)及以上的知識(shí)點(diǎn)融合論述,而不僅僅是死背理論)

      高頻考點(diǎn):

      (1)CAPM及Adjusted WACC

      eg: 2013 JUN Q2 (b)

      (2)Capital Structure

      (3)Different Source of Finance的特質(zhì)(Convertible Loan尤其重要)

      中頻考點(diǎn):

      (1)Capital Rationing, Risk and Uncertainty, Lease or Buy及Asset Replacement 論述

      (2)投資評(píng)估指標(biāo)的評(píng)價(jià)與運(yùn)用,包括ROCE、Payback、NPV、IRR

      (3)Credit Policy

      (4)Objectives and conflict of Working Capital Management

      (5)DVM、CAPM等模型的評(píng)價(jià)及運(yùn)用

      (6)Islamic Finance

      (7)Debt Finance VS Equity Finance

      低頻考點(diǎn):

      (1)Dividend Policy

      (2)Right Issue

      (3)SME

      來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫

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    稅務(wù)師含金量怎么樣?有哪些就業(yè)方向?
    2022-05-27 14:43:32 211 瀏覽

      近些年來,稅務(wù)師漸漸受到很多財(cái)務(wù)人員的追捧,成為繼初級(jí)、中級(jí)之后的又一熱門證書,那么稅務(wù)師證書含金量怎么樣?考下來能從事什么工作?

    稅務(wù)師含金量怎么樣?

      稅務(wù)師含金量如何?

      稅務(wù)師含金量體現(xiàn)在以下幾點(diǎn):

      1、涉稅業(yè)務(wù)簽字權(quán);

      2、進(jìn)入國家職業(yè)資格目錄第51項(xiàng);

      3、中級(jí)職稱以上級(jí)別資質(zhì);

      4、選拔優(yōu)秀稅務(wù)干部的優(yōu)先條件;

      5、積分落戶加分項(xiàng)目;

      6、設(shè)立稅務(wù)師事務(wù)所必要條件;

      7、新一代財(cái)務(wù)精英必備的稅務(wù)證書

      通過以上幾點(diǎn)可以看出,稅務(wù)師含金量相當(dāng)不錯(cuò),拿到稅務(wù)師證書,能夠?yàn)樽陨韼砀鼮閺V闊的發(fā)展空間。

      稅務(wù)師就業(yè)方向介紹

      1、擁有“優(yōu)先權(quán)”進(jìn)入稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)單位

      稅務(wù)師考試合格的稅務(wù)師,可以同稅務(wù)司法人員一樣,進(jìn)入各級(jí)稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)的人才庫,等同于擁有選拔稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)人員的優(yōu)先權(quán),此外稅務(wù)師證書也是稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)工作人員評(píng)估和晉升過程中的重要衡量依據(jù)。

      2、進(jìn)入稅務(wù)師、會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所相關(guān)單位

      目前,稅務(wù)師證已成為設(shè)立稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)的必要條件,你若持有稅務(wù)師證書,就相當(dāng)于擁有涉稅業(yè)務(wù)的簽字權(quán)和設(shè)立稅務(wù)師事務(wù)所的敲門磚,此外還可以從事稅務(wù)籌劃、稅務(wù)代理、稅務(wù)咨詢、稅務(wù)顧問等工作。

      3、稅務(wù)、財(cái)會(huì)咨詢類公司

      咨詢公司的門檻一般較高,只有擁有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和專業(yè)知識(shí)的人才,而稅務(wù)師證書就是彰顯能力的一張名片。

    展開全文
    優(yōu)先股股東是什么
    2022-07-24 16:14:52 1367 瀏覽

      優(yōu)先股股東是持有優(yōu)先股的投資者,其在收益分配上享受優(yōu)先權(quán),公司解散清算時(shí)擁有優(yōu)先獲賠權(quán),不過優(yōu)先股股東不具有表決權(quán),僅享受固定股息。優(yōu)先股是享有優(yōu)先權(quán)的股票,在公司盈利和剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)分配權(quán)利方面,優(yōu)先于普通股,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。

    優(yōu)先股股東

      優(yōu)先股股東有哪些優(yōu)先權(quán)利?

      優(yōu)先股股東具有的優(yōu)先權(quán)利包括:優(yōu)先按照實(shí)繳的出資比例認(rèn)繳出資的權(quán)利;優(yōu)先分配利潤的權(quán)利;股東轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán)時(shí),具有優(yōu)先購買的權(quán)利;分配公司剩余財(cái)產(chǎn)的優(yōu)先權(quán)利。

      優(yōu)先股有哪些優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)?

      優(yōu)先股的優(yōu)點(diǎn)包括:

      1、財(cái)務(wù)上靈活機(jī)動(dòng)。優(yōu)先股實(shí)質(zhì)上是永續(xù)性借款,沒有最終到期期限,企業(yè)可在有利條件下收回優(yōu)先股票,有較大的靈活性;

      2、財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)較輕。如果公司發(fā)生財(cái)務(wù)狀況惡化情況,優(yōu)先股票股利因?yàn)椴皇前l(fā)行公司必須償付的法定債務(wù)從而可以不承擔(dān),減輕企業(yè)的財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān);

      3、財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小。債權(quán)人角度認(rèn)為優(yōu)先股屬于公司股本,鞏固了公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況,提高公司的舉債能力,有較小的財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn);

      4、不減少普通股票收益與控制權(quán)。優(yōu)先股每股收益與普通股票相比是固定的,只要企業(yè)優(yōu)先股票成本率低于凈資產(chǎn)收益率,普通股每股收益就會(huì)上升;優(yōu)先股票不影響普通股股東對(duì)企業(yè)的控制權(quán)。

      優(yōu)先股的缺點(diǎn)包括:

      1、資金成本高。由于優(yōu)先股股利不能抵減所得稅,其成本高于債務(wù)成本;

      2、股利支付具有固定性。

      優(yōu)先股怎么做會(huì)計(jì)分錄?

      借:銀行存款

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

          資本公積(如果溢價(jià)發(fā)行)

      或者:

      借:銀行存款

        資本公積(如果折價(jià)發(fā)行)

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股

      或者:

      借:銀行存款

        貸:股本——優(yōu)先股(如果平價(jià)發(fā)行)

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    FRM二級(jí)考試真題解析:信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口
    2022-09-23 15:38:23 887 瀏覽

      FRM二級(jí)考試中的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敝口是重要考點(diǎn)之一,考生需在掌握其含義的前提上進(jìn)一步理解,掌握相關(guān)題目做法。下面是關(guān)于信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口歷年真題分析,一起來看~

    信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口

      Consider two portfolios.One with USD 10 million credit exposure to a single B-rated counterparty.The second with USD 10 million on credit exposure split evenly between 100 B-rated counterparties.Assume that default probabilities and recovery rates are the same for all B-rated counterparties.Which of the following is correct?》》點(diǎn)擊領(lǐng)取2022年FRM備考資料大禮包

      (A)The expected loss of the first portfolio is greater than the expected loss of the second portfolio and the unexpected loss of the first portfolio is greater than the unexpected loss of the second portfolio.

     ?。˙)The expected loss of the first portfolio is equal to the expected loss of the second portfolio and the unexpected loss of the first portfolio is greater than the unexpected loss of the second portfolio.

      (C)The expected loss of the first portfolio is greater than the expected loss of the second portfolio and the unexpected loss of the first portfolio is equal to the unexpected loss of the second portfolio.

     ?。―)The expected loss of the first portfolio is equal to the expected loss of the second portfolio and the unexpected loss of the first portfolio is equal to the unexpected loss of the second portfolio.

      答案:B

      解析:Unexpected loss is the volatility of the expected loss.There’s diversification effect in unexpected loss.

      考慮兩個(gè)投資組合,一個(gè)對(duì)一個(gè)B級(jí)交易對(duì)手有1000萬美元的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口。第二個(gè)是1000萬美元的信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口,平均分配給100個(gè)B級(jí)交易對(duì)手。假設(shè)所有B級(jí)交易對(duì)手的違約概率和回收率相同。下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的?

      A.第一個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失大于第二個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失,第一個(gè)投資組合的意外損失大于第二個(gè)投資組合的意外損失。

      B.第一個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失等于第二個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失,第一個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失大于第二個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失。

      C.第一個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失大于第二個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失,第一個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失等于第二個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失。

      D.第一個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失等于第二個(gè)投資組合的預(yù)期損失,第一個(gè)投資組合的意外損失等于第二個(gè)投資組合的意外損失。

      答案:B

      解析:意外損失是指預(yù)期損失的波動(dòng)性。非預(yù)期損失存在多元化效應(yīng)。

    FRM課程

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    稅收優(yōu)先原則是什么
    2022-10-31 17:56:46 818 瀏覽

      稅收優(yōu)先原則是指稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)征收的稅收優(yōu)于無擔(dān)保債權(quán)。除法律另有規(guī)定外,納稅人的稅款發(fā)生在納稅人將其財(cái)產(chǎn)抵押、質(zhì)押或者留置之前的,應(yīng)當(dāng)在抵押、質(zhì)押、留置之前執(zhí)行。納稅人被行政管理機(jī)關(guān)可以決定處以罰款、沒收違法犯罪所得的同時(shí)又欠繳稅款的,納稅優(yōu)于罰款、沒收違法所得。

    稅收優(yōu)先原則是什么

    稅收是什么?

      稅收是指人民依法向征稅機(jī)關(guān)繳納一定部分的財(cái)產(chǎn)以形成國家財(cái)政收入,從而使國家得以具備滿足人民對(duì)公共服務(wù)需要的能力的一種活動(dòng)。

    稅收優(yōu)先原則的表現(xiàn)

      1、稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)具有優(yōu)先征收無擔(dān)保債權(quán)稅款的權(quán)力,法律另有規(guī)定的除外。

      稅收優(yōu)先于無擔(dān)保債權(quán),是指納稅人在有其他應(yīng)償還的債務(wù)的同時(shí)有繳納稅款的義務(wù),且納稅人未設(shè)置相應(yīng)的擔(dān)保物權(quán)的財(cái)產(chǎn),無法同時(shí)滿足繳納稅款又清償以及其他公司債務(wù)的需要,此類財(cái)產(chǎn)應(yīng)該先用于償清應(yīng)交稅款。稅務(wù)機(jī)關(guān)征收稅款時(shí),取得納稅人無擔(dān)保物權(quán)的財(cái)產(chǎn),可以優(yōu)先于其他債權(quán)人。

      2、稅收優(yōu)先于在之后發(fā)生的抵押、質(zhì)押和留置權(quán)等權(quán)利。

      繳納稅收的義務(wù)優(yōu)于發(fā)生在其后的抵押權(quán)、質(zhì)權(quán)、留置權(quán),即納稅人欠繳的稅款發(fā)生在同一納稅人以其個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)定抵押質(zhì)押行為,或者納稅人的財(cái)產(chǎn)被留置的時(shí)間之前的,抵押權(quán)、質(zhì)權(quán)、留置權(quán)制度執(zhí)行都應(yīng)排在稅收的后面。

    稅收優(yōu)先權(quán)

      稅收優(yōu)先權(quán)是指當(dāng)和其他債權(quán)同時(shí)存在時(shí),稅收具有優(yōu)先受償權(quán)。稅收優(yōu)先是法律法規(guī)保障國家稅收的一項(xiàng)基本原則。當(dāng)納稅人財(cái)產(chǎn)不足以同時(shí)滿足繳納稅款和償付其他相應(yīng)債權(quán)的需要時(shí),應(yīng)依據(jù)相關(guān)法律的規(guī)定對(duì)稅款進(jìn)行優(yōu)先繳納。

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    CQF的高級(jí)選修課有哪些?附課程介紹
    2023-01-04 17:59:49 566 瀏覽

      CQF的高級(jí)選修課有:算法交易、高級(jí)計(jì)算方法、高級(jí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理、高級(jí)波動(dòng)率模型、基于Python的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)、高級(jí)投資組合管理、交易對(duì)手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型、量化中的行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、基于R語言的量化金融分析、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算、金融科技、C++編程。

    CQF高級(jí)選修課

      CQF整個(gè)項(xiàng)目的主要包含核心課程和高級(jí)選修課程,核心課程是Model 1-Model 6,在Model 6模塊學(xué)習(xí)完后,還有上述的12門高級(jí)選修課,每位學(xué)員可以選擇2門自己感興趣的課程內(nèi)容進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),高級(jí)選修課的內(nèi)容和CQF的Final Project考試課題是相關(guān)的,因?yàn)镕inal Project的多個(gè)考試課題中,大部分是來自高級(jí)選修的課題,如果你想在Final Project考試中做一個(gè)你擅長的課題,那么在高級(jí)選修課中就選擇相關(guān)課題進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),就一舉兩得了。

    CQF高級(jí)選修課的課程介紹

      CQF的高級(jí)選修課的課程介紹如下:

      1、算法交易(Algorithmic Trading)

      The use of algorithms has become an important element of modern-day financial markets,used by both the buy side and sell side.This elective will look into the techniques used by quantitative professionals who work within the area.

      算法的使用已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代金融市場的一個(gè)重要元素,買方和賣方都在使用。這門選修課將研究在該領(lǐng)域工作的定量專家使用的技術(shù)。

      What is Algorithmic Trading

      Preparing data;Back testing,analysing results and optimisation

      Build your own algorithm

      Alternative approaches:Paris trading Options;New Analytics

      A career in Algorithmic trading

      2、高級(jí)計(jì)算方法(Advanced Computational Methods)

      One key skill for anyone who works within quantitative finance is how to use technology to solve complex mathematical problems.This elective will look into advanced computational techniques for solving and implementing math in an efficient and succinct manner,ensuring that the right techniques are used for the right problems.

      對(duì)于任何從事量化金融工作的人來說,一個(gè)關(guān)鍵技能是如何使用技術(shù)解決復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)問題。這門選修課將研究先進(jìn)的計(jì)算技術(shù),以高效和簡潔的方式解決和實(shí)施數(shù)學(xué),確保正確的技術(shù)用于正確的問題。

      Finite Difference Methods(algebraic approach)and application to BVP

      Root finding

      Interpolation

      Numerical Integration

      3、高級(jí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理(Advanced Risk Management)

      In this elective,we will explore some of the recent developments in Quantitative Risk Management.We take as a point of departure the paradigms on how market risk is conceived and measured,both in the banking industry(Expected Shortfall)and under the new Basel regulatory frameworks(Fundamentals Review of the Trading Book,New Minimum,Capital of Market Risk).

      在這門選修課中,我們將探討量化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的一些最新發(fā)展。我們以如何在銀行業(yè)(預(yù)期虧空)和新的巴塞爾監(jiān)管框架(交易賬簿基本回顧,新的最小值,市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本)下構(gòu)思和衡量市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的范例為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。

      Review of new developments on market risk management and measurement

      Explore the use of extreme value of theory(EVT)

      Explore adjoint automatic differentiation

      4、高級(jí)波動(dòng)率模型(Advanced Volatility Modeling)

      Volatility and being able to model volatility is a key element to any quant model.This elective will look into the common techniques used to model volatility throughout the industry.It will provide the mathematics and numerical methods for solving problems in stochastic volatility.

      波動(dòng)率和能夠?qū)Σ▌?dòng)率進(jìn)行建模是任何量化模型的關(guān)鍵要素。本選修課將研究用于模擬整個(gè)行業(yè)的波動(dòng)率的常用技術(shù)。它將提供解決隨機(jī)波動(dòng)率問題的數(shù)學(xué)和數(shù)值方法。

      Fourier Transforms

      Functions of a Complex Variable

      Stochastic Volatility

      Jump Diffusion

      5、基于Python的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)(Machine Learning with Python)

      This elective will focus on Machine Learning and deep learning with Python applied to Finance.We will focus on techniques to retrieve financial data from open data sources.

      這門選修課將側(cè)重于使用Python在機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和深度學(xué)習(xí)在金融中的應(yīng)用。我們將重點(diǎn)介紹從開源數(shù)據(jù)中檢索財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。

      Using linear OLS regression to predict financial prices&returns

      Using scikit-learn for machine learning with Python

      Application to the pricing of the American options by Monte Carlo simulation

      Applying logistic regression to classification problems

      Predicting stock market returns as a classification problem

      Using TensorFlow for deep learning with Python

      Using deep learning for predicting stock market returns

      6、高級(jí)投資組合管理(Advanced Portfolio Management)

      As quantitative finance becomes more important in today’s financial markets,many buyside firms are using quantitative techniques to improve their returns and better manage client capital.This elective will look into the latest techniques used by the buy side in order to achieve these goals.

      隨著量化金融在當(dāng)今的金融市場中變得越來越重要,許多買方公司正在使用量化技術(shù)來提高回報(bào)并更好地管理客戶資本。該選修課將研究買方為實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)而使用的最新技術(shù)。

      Perform a dynamic portfolio optimization,using stochastic control

      Combine views with market data using filtering to determine the necessary parameters

      Understand the importance of behavioural biases and be able to address them

      Understand the implementation issues

      Develop new insights into portfolio risk management

      7、交易對(duì)手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型(Counterparty Credit Risk Modeling)

      Post-global financial crisis,counterparty credit risk and other related risks have become much more pronounced and need to be taken into account during the pricing and modeling stages.This elective will go through all the risks associated with the counterparty and how they are included in any modeling frameworks.

      后全球金融危機(jī)、交易對(duì)手信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和其他相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變得更加明顯,需要在定價(jià)和建模階段加以考慮。該選修課將介紹與交易對(duì)手相關(guān)的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及它們?nèi)绾伟谌魏谓?蚣苤小?/p>

      Credit Risk to Credit Derivatives

      Counterparty Credit Risk:CVA,DVA,FVA

      Interest Rates for Counterparty Risk–dynamic models and modeling

      Interest Rate Swap CVA and implementation of dynamic model

      8、量化中的行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(Behavioural Finance for Quants)

      Behavioural finance and how human psychology affects our perception of the world,impacts our quantitative models and drives our financial decisions.This elective will equip delegates with tools to identify the key psychological pitfalls,use their mathematical skills to address these pitfalls and build better financial models.

      行為金融學(xué)以及人類心理學(xué)如何影響我們對(duì)世界的感知,影響我們的定量模型并推動(dòng)我們的財(cái)務(wù)決策。該選修課將為學(xué)員提供工具,以識(shí)別關(guān)鍵的心理陷阱,利用他們的數(shù)學(xué)技能來解決這些陷阱并建立更好的財(cái)務(wù)模型。

      S ystem 1 Vs System 2

      Behavioural Biases;Heuristic processes;Framing effects and Group processes

      Loss aversion Vs Risk aversion;Loss aversion;SP/A theory

      Linearity and Nonlinearity

      Game theory

      9、基于R語言的量化金融分析(R for Quant Finance)

      R is a powerful statistical programming language,with numerous tricks up its sleeves making it an ideal environment to code quant finance and data analytics applications.

      R是一種強(qiáng)大的統(tǒng)計(jì)編程語言,擁有眾多技巧,使其成為編寫量化金融和數(shù)據(jù)分析應(yīng)用程序的理想環(huán)境。

      Intro to R and R Studio

      Navigate and understand packages

      Understand data structures and data types

      Plot charts,read and write data files

      Write your own scripts and code

      10、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算(Risk Budgeting)

      Rather than solving the risk-return optimization problem as in the classic(Markowitz)approach,risk budgeting focuses on risk and its limits(budgets).This elective will focus on the quant aspects of risk budgeting and how it can be applied to portfolio management.

      風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算不是像經(jīng)典(Markowitz)方法那樣解決風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回報(bào)優(yōu)化問題,而是專注于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其極限(預(yù)算)。本選修課將側(cè)重于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算的量化方面以及如何將其應(yīng)用于投資組合管理。

      Portfolio Construction and Measurement

      Value at Risk in Portfolio Management

      Risk Budgeting in Theory

      Risk Budgeting in Practice

      11、金融科技(Fintech)

      Financial technology,also known as fintech,is an economic industry composed of companies that use technology to make financial services more efficient.This elective gives an insight into the financial technology revolution and the disruption,innovation and opportunity therein.

      金融技術(shù),也稱為金融科技,是一個(gè)利用技術(shù)使金融服務(wù)更有效率的公司組成的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)。這門選修課讓你深入了解金融科技革命帶來的變革,創(chuàng)新和機(jī)遇。

      Intro to and History of Fintech

      Fintech–Breaking the Financial Services Value Chain

      FinTech Hubs

      Technology–Blockchain;Cryptocurrencies;Big Data 102;AI 102

      Fintech Solutions

      The Future of Fintech

      12、C++編程(C++)

      Starting with the basics of simple input via keyboard and output to screen,this elective will work through a number of topics,finishing with simple OOP.

      從簡單的鍵盤輸入和屏幕輸出開始學(xué)習(xí)C++的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),該選修課將會(huì)涉及許多主題,最后將會(huì)以C++面向?qū)ο缶幊痰暮唵问纠Y(jié)束。

      Getting Started with the C++Environment–First Program;Data Types;Simple Debugging

      Control Flow and Formatting–Decision Making;File Management;Formatting Output

      Functions–Writing User Defined Functions;Headers and Source Files

      Intro to OOP–Simple Classes and Objects

      Arrays and Strings

    展開全文
    ACCA考試P1道德決策重點(diǎn)有哪些?怎么理解?
    2023-01-06 18:18:15 412 瀏覽

      ACCA考試P1道德決策重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)主要涉及兩個(gè)模型,分別是American Accounting Association(AAA)model和ucker’s 5-question model,相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解具體如下:

    ACCA考試P1道德決策重點(diǎn)有哪些?怎么理解?

    American Accounting Association(AAA)Model

      American Accounting Association(AAA)Model

      AAA model是Langenderfer and Rockness在1990年提出的,通過7個(gè)步驟做道德決策。

      案例:

      有一個(gè)審計(jì)師發(fā)現(xiàn)顧客(被審計(jì)單位)的財(cái)務(wù)賬上有不定期的現(xiàn)金收付款,但是財(cái)務(wù)總監(jiān)并不能很好地解釋該現(xiàn)象。審計(jì)師懷疑這些現(xiàn)金指出是為了賄賂某人,但沒有證據(jù)。這時(shí),被審計(jì)單位提出,如果審計(jì)師假裝沒發(fā)現(xiàn)這些現(xiàn)金付款,那么審計(jì)師可以獲得一大筆錢。那么審計(jì)員應(yīng)該拿這筆錢嗎?

      Step 1:What are the facts of the case?案例情節(jié)事實(shí)是什么?

      事實(shí)是,審計(jì)師發(fā)現(xiàn)了“賄賂”證據(jù),但是又被提供賄賂來忽略這些證據(jù)。

      Step 2:What are the ethical issues in the case?案例涉及的道德問題是什么?

      這里的道德問題是,是否該接受這筆“賄賂”。一旦接受了這筆錢,審計(jì)師面臨著違法問題acting illegally和專業(yè)疏失negligent of his professional duties。

      Step 3:What are the norms,principles,and values related to the case?與案例相關(guān)的“best practice”是什么(norms,principles,and values)

      按照股東和其他活躍在資本市場的相關(guān)人員要求,審計(jì)師應(yīng)當(dāng)正直impeccable integrity,并確保被審計(jì)單位提供真實(shí)而公允的財(cái)務(wù)狀況。任何妨礙或干擾審計(jì)師客觀性objectivity的行為都標(biāo)志著審計(jì)師不夠?qū)蓶|的負(fù)責(zé)a failure of the auditor’s duty to shareholders。

      Step 4:What are the alternative courses of action?針對(duì)案例,有哪些方案可供選擇?

      選擇1:接受賄賂,無視這些不正常的現(xiàn)金支付。

      選擇2:拒絕賄賂,并采取相關(guān)行動(dòng)。

      Step 5:What is the best course of action that is consistent with the norms,principles,and values identified in Step 3?第四步中的方案哪個(gè)與第三步中的“best practice”一致。

      按照第三步做出的指導(dǎo),審計(jì)師應(yīng)該拒絕賄賂(選擇2)。審計(jì)師應(yīng)該匯報(bào)這些非常規(guī)的現(xiàn)金支付,并且匯報(bào)被審計(jì)單位的行賄行為。

      Step 6:What are the consequences of each possible course of action?第四步中各方案的后果,考慮各方案的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

      如果審計(jì)師選擇1,接受賄賂。

      優(yōu)點(diǎn):他將有錢,并提高生活水平。

      缺點(diǎn):有專業(yè)上和法律上的麻煩expose himself to the risk of being in both professional and legal trouble

      后果:他不得不“夾著尾巴做人”,因?yàn)樗雷约菏苜V了,而且這筆錢會(huì)演變成欠客戶的一筆債,因?yàn)樗揽蛻綦S時(shí)都可能揭發(fā)他。

      如果審計(jì)師選擇2,拒絕賄賂。

      缺點(diǎn):給顧客帶來一定的麻煩,也會(huì)影響未來的關(guān)系client–auditor relationship。

      優(yōu)點(diǎn):能保持并提高審計(jì)師的聲譽(yù)和社會(huì)地位,維護(hù)公眾對(duì)審計(jì)的信心,維護(hù)股東的最大利益。

      Step 7:What is the decision?最終的決策

      選擇2,審計(jì)師應(yīng)該拒絕賄賂。

    Tucker’s 5-question model

      Tucker’s 5-question model

      考慮5個(gè)問題:

      ●Profitable?該項(xiàng)目對(duì)企業(yè)是否盈利?

      ●Legal?該項(xiàng)目是否合法?

      ●Fair?該項(xiàng)目對(duì)stakeholder是否公平?

      ●Right?該項(xiàng)目是否符合道德判斷?

      ●Sustainable or environmentally sound?該項(xiàng)目是否環(huán)保?

      這個(gè)模型與AAA模型略有不同。Tucker的模型并不僅僅涵蓋了道德決策。相對(duì)AAA模型,Tucker的模型還考慮了對(duì)于自然環(huán)境的影響environmental relevance,還有被審查企業(yè)的盈利能力profitability。

      這就意味著使用Tucker’s model需要更多思考。因?yàn)?個(gè)提問中的3個(gè)(profitable,fair,and right)都需要額外的信息。

      1.is it profitable?問盈利情況,是需要參照物可比的。

      2.is it fair?問公平情況,是需要從誰的角度來看depends on whose perspective,這件事是否公平。這涉及到利益相關(guān)者及其訴求問題。

      3.is it right?問是否正確,是需要看用什么樣的道德觀念。比如義務(wù)論者deontological perspective與目的論者teleological perspective對(duì)于同一件事會(huì)持不同的道德判斷。

      所以,為了清晰地呈現(xiàn)Tucker’s model的精髓,我們用2個(gè)決策場景來呈現(xiàn)該模型的應(yīng)用,一個(gè)簡單,一個(gè)稍微復(fù)雜一些。

      案例一:

      有一家大公司計(jì)劃在一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家建造一個(gè)新工廠。因?yàn)榱畠r(jià)勞動(dòng)力和較低的土地成本,建設(shè)新工廠比其他方案更有利可圖。該發(fā)展中國家的政府已經(jīng)幫助大公司合法入駐,當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚财谂沃蜆I(yè)機(jī)會(huì),而這些工作又會(huì)帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。該工廠建立在一塊存在環(huán)境問題的舊工地上,但是新的工廠的污染排放更低。

      Is it profitable?這項(xiàng)目賺錢嗎?

      Yes.因?yàn)榱畠r(jià)勞動(dòng)力和較低的土地成本,對(duì)于企業(yè)而言,建設(shè)新工廠比其他方案更有利可圖。

      Is it legal?這樣做合法嗎?

      Yes.該發(fā)展中國家的政府已經(jīng)幫助該公司合法入駐。

      Is it fair?這樣做公平嗎?

      就目前來看,yes.在案例中只提到一個(gè)利益相關(guān)者,那就是當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)力,非??释@個(gè)工作。案例沒有提到其他利益相關(guān)者因?yàn)樾聫S而受負(fù)面影響。

      Is it right?這樣做對(duì)嗎?

      Yes.案例中說新廠能幫助發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,也無反對(duì)意見。從結(jié)果的角度來說based on consequence,這是對(duì)的。

      Is it sustainable or environmentally sound?對(duì)環(huán)境有利可持續(xù)發(fā)展嗎?

      Yes.案例中特別提到,新廠是環(huán)保的。

      案例二:

      有一家大公司將在發(fā)展中國家的投資建廠。但是,該建廠用地是從窮人手中強(qiáng)制征收的“貧民窟”,這導(dǎo)致了這批窮人無家可歸。

      Is it profitable?該項(xiàng)目是否賺錢?

      Yes.

      Is it legal?該項(xiàng)目是否合法?

      案例中沒有提到。

      Is it fair?這公平嗎?

      從窮人的角度來說,是不公平的。因?yàn)樗麄円虼藷o家可歸了。

      從公司的角度來說,是公平的。

      從勞動(dòng)力的角度來說,是公平的。因?yàn)槠髽I(yè)在此投資建廠,能帶動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)鼐蜆I(yè)。

      Is it right?這樣做對(duì)嗎?

      窮人會(huì)從道德的角度斥責(zé)這樣“征收用地”是不對(duì)的。

      對(duì)于這個(gè)問題,可以查看有沒有其他補(bǔ)救措施,比如在其他地方找住所解決窮人的居住問題rehousing them。

      Is it sustainable or environmentally sound?這對(duì)環(huán)境可持續(xù)嗎?

      對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境無惡性污染。

    ACCA考試P1知識(shí)點(diǎn)結(jié)論

      在考試中,考生需要用其中一個(gè)模型去分析案例。

      如果題目中的案例情況非常復(fù)雜,那么答案也需要體現(xiàn)這種復(fù)雜性。比如,在運(yùn)用模型的同時(shí)用正反兩種觀點(diǎn)分別闡述,并在下結(jié)論的時(shí)候也需要體現(xiàn)正反觀點(diǎn)。而事實(shí)上,只有在案例很清晰,或者案例信息很少的情況下,結(jié)論才會(huì)比較直截了當(dāng)straightforward。

    展開全文
    PMP證書怎么查詢?附PMP證書樣本
    2023-01-07 17:21:41 3880 瀏覽

      PMP證書查詢方法如下:

    PMP證書查詢

      1、登錄PMI網(wǎng)站:http://certification.pmi.org/registry.aspx;

      2、在Last Name中輸入考生的姓;

      3、在First Name中輸入考生的名;

      4、在Country中選China,mainland;

      5、在credential中選擇PMP認(rèn)證;

      6、然后選Search,即可查詢。

      如果考生考試通過,PMI網(wǎng)站就會(huì)顯示:考生姓名,城市,國家,PMP證書獲得日期;如果考生考試沒有通過,則PMI網(wǎng)站上顯示:We're sorry,no matches were found on the search criteria you entered。

    PMP證書樣本

      PMP證書由美國項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會(huì)PMI頒發(fā),證書樣本如下:

    PMP證書

    PMP證書什么時(shí)候可以領(lǐng)取?

      PMP證書分為紙質(zhì)版證書和電子版證書。PMP電子版證書在考試成績出來時(shí),即考試結(jié)束后6-8周左右,可以登錄PMI網(wǎng)站直接進(jìn)行下載并打印領(lǐng)取,PMP紙質(zhì)版證書領(lǐng)取的時(shí)間通常要到考試結(jié)束后的6-8個(gè)月才能進(jìn)行領(lǐng)取。

    PMP電子版證書領(lǐng)取流程

      1、進(jìn)入PMI網(wǎng)站http://www.pmi.org,點(diǎn)擊右上角的“LOG IN”;輸入自己在PMI網(wǎng)站的用戶名和密碼進(jìn)行登錄。

      2、點(diǎn)擊Certification—Certification Types—PMP。

      3、右側(cè)有個(gè)藍(lán)紫色按鈕:GO TO MYPMI。

      4、右側(cè)有個(gè)“CERTICATION STATUS”,點(diǎn)擊這個(gè)框里面的View Certificate,即可看到PMP證書的PDF文件,點(diǎn)擊Download Certificate,即可下載保存PMP證書的PDF文件并且打印。

    PMP紙質(zhì)版證書領(lǐng)取方式及流程

      1、網(wǎng)上搜索并點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入“項(xiàng)目管理專業(yè)資格認(rèn)證網(wǎng)站”(http://event.chinapmp.cn/);

      2、進(jìn)入網(wǎng)站后輸入個(gè)人賬號(hào)密碼點(diǎn)擊進(jìn)入個(gè)人賬戶;

      3、從本人自取、代領(lǐng)人代領(lǐng)以及快遞郵寄(郵費(fèi)到付)三種方式中自行選擇一種方式,并填寫相關(guān)信息;

      4、前往指定地點(diǎn)領(lǐng)取證書或等待證書郵寄。

      三種領(lǐng)取方式具體說明:

      1、快遞郵寄(郵費(fèi)到付)。選擇郵寄的考生,需要在此處填寫正確的郵寄信息,當(dāng)快遞郵寄后,可在此處查看快遞單號(hào)。選擇郵寄的考生需要自行承擔(dān)郵費(fèi)。

      2、本人自取。選擇本人自取的考生,需要持有效證件到系統(tǒng)中展示的考試機(jī)構(gòu)地址去領(lǐng)取證書,同時(shí)此處會(huì)展示聯(lián)系人及聯(lián)系電話。

      3、代領(lǐng)人代領(lǐng)。選擇代領(lǐng)人代領(lǐng)的考生,需要填寫代領(lǐng)人姓名及證件號(hào)碼,由代領(lǐng)人持有效證件到系統(tǒng)中展示的考試機(jī)構(gòu)地址去領(lǐng)取證書,同時(shí)此處會(huì)展示聯(lián)系人及聯(lián)系電話。

    展開全文
    IFRSs Update &amp; Comparison of PRC GAAP
    2023-08-17 14:15:03 366 瀏覽

    課程背景

      Great changes will take place in 2012 for IFRS,in this critical year,what key milestones can help you to ensure you will be well prepared for filing your first interim IFRS financial statements 2011 will be discussed in this training.

    IFRSs Update \n& Comparison of PRC GAAP

      In the context of increasing global usage of IFRS and expected convergence of PRC GAAP with IFRS over the coming years,we will discuss both the current differences between PRC GAAP and IFRS as well as highlighting some of the developments in IFRS that are currently under discussion.This training is appropriate for both the novice in IFRS financial reporting who needs to be up-to-date quickly,and the veteran financial professional who is looking for a refresher course which including current issues and projects.In this course we will highlight IFRS VS PRC GAAP with details to help you on applying these two standards into your real business.

    課程收益

      Understanding that accounting standards are not just a matter for specialists

      Cementing your knowledge of IFRS with hands-on case studies and examples

      Recognizing and going beyond the difference between IFRS and Chinese GAAP

      Technical analysis and discussion on the latest strategic updates and future direction of IFRS

      Implementing IFRS accounting for assets,liabilities and owners equity

      Revisiting basic concepts such as lease accounting,impairment,fair value,revenue recognition,contingencies,financial instruments,business combinations…

      Providing recent updates and their consequences including IFRS for small and medium-sized entities

      Guidance on the challenges to face when first time adoption or implementing new/or some specific standards

    課程對(duì)象

      CFO/CEO/CIO

      Finance Director/Manager/Controller

      Auditing Manager

      Accounting Manager

      Investment/Financial/Equity Analysts

    課程大綱

      Day 1

      A.Introduction to IFRS

      -Latest Developments at the IASB

      -Convergence with US GAAP

      -Convergence with Chinese GAAP

      -IFRS–a principle based framework of accounting

      -Summary of IFRS 2009-2011 updates

      -IFRS and fair value considerations,IFRS 13 Fair value measurement

      B.Assets

      -Current assets,IAS 2 Inventories/CAS 1 Inventories

      -Tangible fixed assets,IAS 16 Property,Plant and Equipment/CAS 4 Property,Plant and Equipment

      -Current update of lease accounting,IAS 17 Leases;ED/2010/9 Leases/CAS 21 Leasing

      -Intangible assets–intellectual property and development costs,IAS 38 Intangible assets/CAS 6 Intangible assets

      -Borrowing costs,IAS 23 Borrowing costs/CAS 17 Borrowing costs

      -Impairment,IAS 36 Impairment of assets/CAS 8 Impairment of assets

      C.Liabilities

      -Contingencies,IAS 37 Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets/CAS,13 Contingencies

      -Retirement benefits,IAS 19 Employee Benefits/CAS 9 Employee Benefits

      -Update of financial instruments and hedge accounting,IFRS 7 Financial Instruments:Disclosures/CAS 37 Financial,Instruments:Presentation and Disclosures,IFRS 9 Financial Instruments/CAS 12 Debt restructuring;CAS 22 Financial Instruments:Recognition and Measurement,CAS 23 Transfer of Financial Assets;CAS 24 Hedging

      D.Income and expenditure

      -Revenue recognition,IAS 11 Construction contracts/CAS 15 Construction contracts,IAS 18 Revenue;ED/2010/6 Revenue from contracts with,customers/CAS 14 Revenue

      -Taxes,IAS 12 Income Taxes/CAS 18 Income Taxes

      -Other Income statement topics,IAS 20 Accounting for Government grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance/CAS 16 Government Grants,IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates/CAS 19 Foreign Currency Translation,IFRS 2 Shared-based Payment/CAS 11 Share-based payment,IFRS 8 Operating Segments/CAS 35 Segmental Reporting

      Day 2

      E.Consolidation and business combinations

      -What constitutes a business combinations,IFRS 3 Business combinations/CAS 20 Business combinations

      -Inclusion of investments with differing levels of control,IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements/CAS 33,Consolidated financial statements,IFRS 11 Joint arrangements/CAS 2 Long term equity investments,IFRS 12 Disclosure of interest in other entities

      F.Financial statements and first time adoption

      -Disclosure requirements,IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements/CAS 30 Presentation of financial statements,IAS 7 Statements of cash-flows/CAS 31 Cash flow statements,IAS 8 Accounting policies,changes in accounting estimates and errors/CAS 28 Changes in accounting policies and estimates and correction of errors,IAS 10 Events after the reporting

      period/CAS 29 Events after the balance sheet date,IAS 24 Related party disclosures/CAS 36 Related party disclosures,IAS 33 Earnings per share/CAS 34 Earnings per share,IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting/CAS 32 Interim financial reporting,IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

      -First time application issues,IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards/CAS 38 First Time Adoption of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises

      G.Summary of ASBE/CAS/IFRS differences

      -Recap the differences between old and new Chinese GAAP with IFRS

      H.IFRS for SMEs(Small and Medium Sized Enterprises)

      -To whom does it apply?

      -Differences Between“Full”IFRS and“IFRS for SMEs”


    想了解詳細(xì)課程資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流。

    展開全文
    2024年FRM考試大綱發(fā)布,附考綱變動(dòng)對(duì)比
    2023-12-05 13:45:24 800 瀏覽

      2024年FRM考試大綱GARP協(xié)會(huì)已公布,整體考綱變化不大。2024年FRM一級(jí)和二級(jí)考綱中所有科目的權(quán)重均沒有發(fā)生變化,變化的科目主要是在二級(jí)的信用和熱點(diǎn);其余科目基本保持不變。具體變動(dòng)如下:

    2024年FRM考試大綱發(fā)布

    (點(diǎn)擊咨詢,專業(yè)老師1V1指導(dǎo))

    2024年FRM一級(jí)考綱變動(dòng)

      1、定量分析

     ?、貱hapter 14,Machine Learning Methods:

      新增Compare and apply the two methods utilized for rescaling variables in data preparation.

      ②Chapter 15,Machine Learning and Prediction:

      將原先Evaluate the predictive performance of logistic regression models and neural network models using a confusion matrix拆成兩部分,分別為Evaluate the predictive performance of logistic regression models和Compare the logistic regression and neural network classification approaches using a confusion matrix.

      2、金融市場與產(chǎn)品

     ?、貱hapter 12,Options Markets:

      刪減Explain the specification of exchange-traded stock option contracts,including that of nonstandard products.

     ?、贑hapter 20,Swaps:

      刪減Explain the mechanics of a currency swap and compute its cash flows.

      3、估值與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)建模

      Chapter 10,Interest Rates:

      刪減Describe overnight indexed swaps(OIS)and distinguish OIS rates from LIBOR swap rates.

    2024年FRM二級(jí)考綱變動(dòng)

      1、市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理與測(cè)量

      Chapter 7,Correlation Basics:

      Definitions,Applications,and Terminology:新增Describe how correlation impacts the price of quanto options as well as other multi-asset exotic options.

      2、信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理與測(cè)量

    Credit Risk, 2023

    Credit Risk, 2024

    Reading 8 includes two chapters that introduce the key themes of credit risk management. The first chapter discusses the components of credit risk, types of credit risk analysis, and credit risk measurements. The second chapter describes the tools and methods of credit analysis.

     

    Jonathan Golin and Philippe Delhaise, The Bank Credit Analysis Handbook, 2nd Edition (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2013).

    ? Chapter 1. The Credit Decision

    ? Chapter 2. The Credit Analyst

    Reading 8 includes two chapters that introduce the key themes of credit risk management. The first chapter discusses the components of credit risk, types of credit risk analysis, and credit risk measurements. The second chapter describes governance and explains the responsibilities of risk management in an organization.

     

    Sylvain Bouteille and Diane Coogan-Pushner, The Handbook of Credit Risk Management: Originating, Assessing, and Managing Credit Exposures, 2nd Edition (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2022). ? Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Credit Risk ? Chapter 2. Governance

    Reading 9 covers measurement of credit risk, especially expected loss and unexpected loss, and the effect of correlation on portfolio unexpected loss.

     

    Gerhard Schroeck, Risk Management and Value Creation in Financial Institutions (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2002).

    ? Chapter 5. Capital Structure in Banks (pages 170-186 only)

    Reading 9 describes the tools and methods of credit analysis. It explains the components of credit risk management capability and discusses elements of an effective lending or financing policy.

     

    Hennie van Greuning and Sonja Brajovic Bratanovic, Analyzing Banking Risk, Fourth Edition (World Bank Group, 2020). ? Chapter 7. Credit Risk Management

    Reading 10 describes key features of a good rating system, relates ratings to the probability of default, and analyzes different approaches to predicting default.

     

    Giacomo De Laurentis, Renato Maino, and Luca Molteni, Developing, Validating and Using Internal Ratings: Methodologies and Case Studies (West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2010).

    ? Chapter 3. Rating Assignment Methodologies

    Reading 10 covers measurement of credit risk, especially expected loss and unexpected loss, and the effect of correlation on portfolio unexpected loss. It describes a framework for calculating economic capital for credit risk and explores the challenges of quantifying credit risk.

     

    Gerhard Schroeck, Risk Management and Value Creation in Financial Institutions (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2002).

    ? Chapter 5. Capital Structure in Banks (pages 170-186 only)

    Reading 11 describes different approaches to credit risk modeling and assesses credit derivatives.

     

    René Stulz, Risk Management & Derivatives (Florence, KY: Thomson South-Western, 2002).

    ? Chapter 17. Credit Risks and Credit Derivatives

    Reading 11 includes two chapters. The first chapter describes different approaches to credit risk modeling and assessment, including the judgmental approaches, empirical models, and financial models to predict default. The second chapter presents the role of ratings in supporting credit risk management and rating assignment methodologies.

     

    Michalis Doumpos, Christos Lemonakis, Dimitrios Niklis, and Constantin Zopounidis, Analytical Techniques in the Assessment of Credit Risk: An Overview of Methodologies and Applications (Springer, 2019).

    ? Chapter 1. Introduction to Credit Risk Modeling and Assessment

    ? Chapter 2. Credit Scoring and Rating

    Reading 12 includes three chapters that cover portfolio and structured credit risk. The first chapter describes default intensity models, explains credit spread risk and defines the relationship between a default probability and a hazard rate. The second chapter defines default correlation for credit portfolios and assesses the impact of correlation on credit VaR. The third chapter describes common types of structured products and the mechanics of a securitization, and explains how default sensitivities for tranches are measured.

     

    Allan Malz, Financial Risk Management: Models, History, and Institutions (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011). ? Chapter 7. Spread Risk and Default Intensity Models

    ? Chapter 8. Portfolio Credit Risk (Sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 only)

    ? Chapter 9. Structured Credit Risk

    Reading 12 defines and compares the risk management and scoring models of retail and corporate credit risk.

     

    Michel Crouhy, Dan Galai and Robert Mark, The Essentials of Risk Management, 2nd Edition (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2014).

    ? Chapter 9. Credit Scoring and Retail Credit Risk Management

    Counterparty risk is covered in five chapters that form Reading 13. The first three chapters identify ways of managing and mitigating counterparty risk and describe the effects of netting, close-out, and collateral on credit exposure. The fourth chapter describes the determination of credit exposure, the pricing of exposure profiles for derivative contracts, and the impact of collateral on funding, while the last chapter covers the analysis of credit value adjustment (CVA) and debt value adjustment (DVA), and the concept of wrong-way risk.

     

    Jon Gregory, The xVA Challenge: Counterparty Credit Risk, Funding, Collateral, and Capital, 4th Edition (West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2020).

    ? Chapter 3. Counterparty Risk and Beyond

    ? Chapter 6. Netting, Close-out and Related Aspects

    ? Chapter 7. Margin (Collateral) and Settlement

    ? Chapter 11. Future Value and Exposure ? Chapter 17. CVA

    Reading 13 describes measures of sovereign default risk and explains components of a sovereign rating.

     

    Aswath Damodaran, Country Risk: Determinants, Measures, and Implications – The 2022 Edition (2022)

    Reading 14 describes stress tests on CVA and counterparty credit risk (CCR).

     

    Akhtar Siddique and Iftekhar Hasan (eds.), Stress Testing: Approaches, Methods, and Applications, (London, UK: Risk Books, 2013).

    ? Chapter 4. The Evolution of Stress Testing Counterparty Exposures

    Quantitative methodologies of estimating credit risk are covered in two chapters of Reading 14. The first chapter describes default intensity models, explains credit spread risk, and defines the relationship between a default probability and a hazard rate. The second chapter introduces credit value at risk and the tools for measuring it.

     

    John C. Hull, Risk Management and Financial Institutions, Sixth Edition (John Wiley & Sons, 2023).

    ? Chapter 17. Estimating Default Probabilities

    ? Chapter 19. Credit Value at Risk

    Reading 15 defines and compares the risk management and scoring models of retail and corporate credit risk.

     

    Michel Crouhy, Dan Galai and Robert Mark, The Essentials of Risk Management, 2nd Edition (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2014).

    ? Chapter 9. Credit Scoring and Retail Credit Risk Management

    ? Chapter 12. The Credit Transfer Markets — and Their Implications

    Reading 15 includes two chapters that provide a deeper coverage of portfolio and structured credit risk. The first chapter defines default correlation for credit portfolios, assesses the impact of correlation on credit VaR, and describes the use of the single factor model to measure portfolio credit risk. The second chapter describes common types of structured products and the mechanics of a securitization and explains how default sensitivities for tranches are measured.

     

    Allan Malz, Financial Risk Management: Models, History, and Institutions (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2011). ? Chapter 8. Portfolio Credit Risk (Sections 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 only)

    ? Chapter 9. Structured Credit Risk

    Reading 16 describes special purpose vehicles (SPVs) and explains performance analysis tools for securitized structures.

     

    Moorad Choudhry, Structured Credit Products: Credit Derivatives & Synthetic Securitisation, 2nd Edition (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2010).

    ? Chapter 12. An Introduction to Securitisation.

    Reading 16 extends discussions on quantitative methodologies of estimating credit risk and explains the distinction between reduced form and structural default correlation models. Assessment of credit derivatives is covered, and the various credit risk mitigants and their role in credit analysis are examined.

     

    John C. Hull, Options, Futures, and Other Derivatives, 11th Edition (Pearson, 2022). ? Chapter 24. Credit Risk

    ? Chapter 25. Credit Derivatives

    Reading 17 examines the subprime mortgage credit securitization in the US and details the players and information frictions in the securitization process.

     

    Adam Ashcraft and Til Schuermann, “Understanding the Securitization of Subprime Mortgage Credit,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York Staff Reports, No. 318 (March 2008).

    Counterparty risk is discussed in seven chapters that form Reading 17. The first chapter introduces derivatives and explains how derivative transactions create counterparty credit risk. The next four chapters identify ways of managing and mitigating counterparty risk and describe the effects of netting, close-out, collateral on credit exposure, and central clearing. The sixth chapter describes the determination of credit exposure, the pricing of exposure profiles for derivative contracts, and the impact of collateral on funding, while the last chapter covers the analysis of credit value adjustment (CVA) and debt value adjustment (DVA), and the concept of wrong-way risk.

     

    Jon Gregory, The xVA Challenge: Counterparty Credit Risk, Funding, Collateral, and Capital (West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2020).

    ? Chapter 2. Derivatives

    ? Chapter 3. Counterparty Risk and Beyond

    ? Chapter 6. Netting, Close-out and Related Aspects

    ? Chapter 7. Margin (Collateral) and Settlement

    ? Chapter 8. Central Clearing

    ? Chapter 11. Future Value and Exposure ? Chapter 17. CVA.


    Reading 18 describes stress tests on CVA and counterparty credit risk (CCR).

     

    Stress Testing: Approaches, Methods, and Applications, edited by Akhtar Siddique and Iftekhar Hasan (London, UK: Risk Books, 2013).

    ? Chapter 4. The Evolution of Stress Testing Counterparty Exposures


    Reading 19 describes special purpose vehicles (SPVs), explains performance analysis tools for securitized structures, and describes the various prepayment forecasting methodologies.

     

    Moorad Choudhry, Structured Credit Products: Credit Derivatives & Synthetic Securitisation, 2nd Edition (New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 2010).

    ? Chapter 12. An Introduction to Securitisation.

      3、投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理

      Chapter 9,Hedge Funds:

      刪減Describe the characteristics of hedge funds and the hedge fund industry and compare hedge funds with mutual funds.

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