CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?
As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.
Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.
Breakthrough the language of finance
Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations
Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals
Mastering forecasting techniques
Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures
Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions
Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants
Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks
General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers
Vice President and Top Executives in all respective
Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers
Sales&Marketing Managers
Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers
Investment Professionals
Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance
Finance Fundamental | Management Application |
-Introduction to the Course -The role of the finance function -Working with the finance teams -How companies succeed on finance? -Accounting Information—The Language of Business -What is financial accounting? -Why Financial Accounting is necessary? -Some process,terminology and concepts -Learn how financial data is generated and reported -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements -Managers and Financial Statements -The concept of shareholder value -Demystifying Financial Statements -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet -Cost of goods sold -The accrual concept and timing adjustments -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow -The shortcomings of accounting -Implications of Revenue Recognition -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement -Analysis of Financial Statement—Where do you find useful information? -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information -Locate and use sources of information about business performance -How accounting information assists in decision making -Linking decisions to financial metrics -How to increase ROCE -Profitability ratios -Economic Value Added(EVA TM) -Financial Decision Making -Profitability,liquidity ratios -Managing working capital -Financial Leverage -Debt ratios -Measuring business risk -Cash management -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed company’s annual report -Accounting Creates Value -Functions of management accounting -Management accounting compared to financial accounting -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems
| -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process -Understanding the different steps involved in the process -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance -The cost information for pricing and product planning -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach -Customers:an outside in pricing -Competitors:predict their price -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods -Case Study -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King! -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool -EBITDA,free cash flows -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow -Establishing cash flow forecasts -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances -Approaches to valuation -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More? -An introduction to capital markets -Different forms of financing(long term,short term) -Debt versus Equity -Gearing and beta factors -Capital Asset Pricing Models -Tax shields -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks -An Overview of the M&A market in China -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the execution gap -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition |
想了解最新詳細課程大綱及資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流咨詢領取。
In the world only has two facts inevitably,one is the death,two is the tax revenue.
China is one of the biggest markets in the world and is attracting more and more global investors to move into the China market.In order to run the business in a most cost efficient way,it is necessary for the foreign investors to understand all the potential relevant tax costs that would be incurred in China before making an investment decision.In addition,different type of investment activities will trigger different types of taxes.
You can learn about China's tax policies and regulations.
You can understand the impact of tax laws on foreign investment in China
You can master the enterprise in the VAT reform in expanding around the pilot to adjust in accounting
You can grasp the meaning and usage of key taxes,such as Corporate income tax.
You can familiar with trial reform of the tax planning under the new basic concepts and skills.
You can understand the pilot reform possible strategy for enterprise influence.
Foreigners
Foreign Investment Enterprises("FIEs")
Foreign Enterprises("FEs")doing business in China
Module 1 China's Taxation System
Framework of tax system in China
Classification of taxes and Type of Tax
Module 2 Analysis of Specific Taxes
Tax on income
?Corporate income tax("CIT")
-standard tax rate is 25%
-the tax rate could be reduced to 15%for qualified enterprises which are engaged in industries encouraged by the China government.
?Individual income tax("IIT")
-progressive rates range from 5%to 45%.
Tax on transactions
?Value-added tax
-The meaning and the scope
-The standard tax rate is 17%with certain necessities taxed at 13%.
?Consumption tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
?Business tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax on specific objective
?Land appreciation tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Calculation of added value
Tax on resource
?Resources tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax on property
?Real estate tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax on behavior
?Vehicle and vessel tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
?Motor vehicle acquisition tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
?Stamp tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax levied by the Customs
?Customs duties
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax levied by finance department
?Deed tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
想了解最新詳細課程資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流。
由于ACCA考試涉及的科目比較多,很多知識點是讓考生們難以理解的,為了使大家高效備考,今天會計網(wǎng)就跟各位詳細講解,關于PM科目高頻考點之目標成本法內(nèi)容。
目標成本法介紹
在學習PM科目的目標成本法之前,我們需要了解一下這種方法的理念和意義,它是為了幫助企業(yè)的管理者更好的做成本控制,并且以顧客能夠接受的價格,提供更好的商品和服務,顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的加成定價法。
那么這種方法到底是如何操作的呢?目標成本法是一個市場導向的成本方法。
它認為如果一家企業(yè)只是把自己關在屋子里,閉門造車,然后在發(fā)生的成本上加上一個自己想要的利潤,就想產(chǎn)品被顧客很好的接受,在激烈的市場競爭中,這是很難的。
企業(yè)不能只是被動的希望顧客提出他們的需求,而是要科學的預測顧客的需要,并進行充分的市場調(diào)研。
不像傳統(tǒng)方法那樣,成本加上期望的利潤就計算出銷售價格(如下圖1),目標成本法先通過充分的市場調(diào)研確定銷售價格和銷售量,然后減去期望實現(xiàn)的利潤,最終得到目標成本(如下圖2)。
圖1
圖2
接著拿現(xiàn)時成本對比目標成本,若現(xiàn)時成本比目標成本高的話,就會出現(xiàn)成本鴻溝cost gap。
綜上所述,可以用兩個公式來表示:
Target cost=Selling price-desired profit margin
Cost gap=Estimated cost-Target cost
當出現(xiàn)成本鴻溝時,企業(yè)就需要尋找方法去縮小這個鴻溝了。那么會有哪些方法呢?
補充:
1) Improve productivity (Automation)
2) Eliminate non-value added activities (cost value, market value, use value, esteem value)
3) Simply the design without influence quality
來源:ACCA學習幫
你投資的公司真的賺錢嗎?你投資的公司是盈利高手嗎?你如何評估自己苦心經(jīng)營的企業(yè)之價值?
隨著市場化交易活動的增加和證券市場的發(fā)展,資產(chǎn)價值評估問題日益重要,價值評估的實際需求也日益迫切。報表分析歸根結(jié)底是為了估值,因此報表分析必須要以估值為目標,以專業(yè)性評價來對支持估值。價值評估是金融、投資、財務等領域的重要研究和應用內(nèi)容。企業(yè)管理、證券投資、實業(yè)投資等經(jīng)營行為的對象就是各種資產(chǎn),成功地管理和投資這些資產(chǎn)的關鍵就在于理解這些資產(chǎn)的價值組成、掌握這些資產(chǎn)的價值度量。
【方法掌握】全面掌握估值方法,在工作中靈活運用,進行高效的估值和定價分析
【模型建立】深度掌握公司估值與定價模型,學會利用三大報表進行財務預測
【因素分析】對于影響估值的關鍵因素進行深入分析,提高估值的效率
CFO、財務總監(jiān)
企業(yè)進行投資并購的負責人
保薦人
投行、基金公司及券商的分析師與研究員
PE,VC的負責人
一、公司估值方法全解析 | 二、建模前的準備 |
-關于價值的關鍵概念區(qū)分 -價值與價格 -市場價值與賬面價值 -持續(xù)經(jīng)營價值與清算價值 -非控股權(quán)價值與控股權(quán)價值 -企業(yè)價值等式分析 -價值等式的簡單形式與一般形式 -使用價值等式時需要注意的事項 -絕對估值法(折現(xiàn)方法) -現(xiàn)金流量折現(xiàn)方法 -期權(quán)定價方法 -相對估值法(乘數(shù)方法) -企業(yè)價值倍數(shù)法 -一些特殊可比的指標(A/H指標,PEG指標) | -建模前的思考:建模內(nèi)容、原因及工具 -歷史數(shù)據(jù)來源及整理 -預測假設數(shù)據(jù)來源 -企業(yè)歷史數(shù)據(jù)、企業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃 -行業(yè)特點及發(fā)展規(guī)律、宏觀經(jīng)濟預測
|
三、用Excel建立估值模型的技巧 | 四、構(gòu)建財務預測模型——價值評估的前提 |
-Excel常用快捷鍵 -Excel中常用函數(shù) -SUM、SUMIF、SUMPRODUCT -If、Max、Min -COUNT、COUNTA、COUNTIF、CHOOSE、HLOOKUP、INDEX、OFFSET 案例分析: -案例1:對目標公司進行估值的案例 拓展應用: -應用1:用Excel建立估值模型案例研究(實際上市公司Excel模型案例研究) | -三大財務報表的關系 -三大財務報表預測模型的構(gòu)造 -財務預測模型檢查和總結(jié) |
五、公司價值評估模型的構(gòu)成與計算步驟 | 六、基于財務模型的后續(xù)分析 |
-現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)(DCF)——公司價值評估的主流方法 -自由現(xiàn)金流量(FCF)to股東和債權(quán)人 -股東的現(xiàn)金流量-(FCFE) -貼現(xiàn)率與貝塔值的確定 | -EVA(Economic Value Added)分析 -財務狀況分析(Financial Status) -敏感性分析 -前景分析 |
七、對于影響估值之關鍵因素的討論 | |
-收入增長速度受到行業(yè)平均水平的制約 -利潤率受到行業(yè)平均水平的制約 -凈資產(chǎn)收益率受到行業(yè)平均水平的制約 -永續(xù)增長率 -資本開支——收入增長的基石 案例分析: -案例2:如何選擇目標公司:兩個公司估值分析對比 拓展應用: -應用2:企業(yè)在進行投資時應當考慮的風險因素有哪些 |
想了解最新詳細課程大綱及資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流。
在ACCA考試中,Loan capital是LW科目里比較重要且存在有一定難度的考點,每年該考點都會出現(xiàn)在試卷上,對此會計網(wǎng)今天就跟大家詳解Loan capital知識點內(nèi)容。
No.1、Borrowing power 借款權(quán)限
All companies registered under the Company Act 2006 have an implied power to borrow for purposes incidental to their trade or business.
所有根據(jù)2006年公司法注冊的公司都有一個默示的借款的權(quán)利,但是注意該種借款的用途只能是用于公司的經(jīng)營管理,而不能私用。
此外,對于上市公司,董事們在使用借款權(quán)限時,不能濫用,所以對于董事本身來說,他自己也有一個最大的借款權(quán)限,如果在現(xiàn)實生活中,該名董事所借的款項超出了他所擁有的借款的限額,但是沒有超出公司借款的最大限額,那么公司可以追認這類借款合同。
No.2、Loan capital 借貸資本
借貸資本包括了企業(yè)所有一年以上的借款。
對于這類資本,它的最大特征為:本金和利息必須要償還。這是借貸資本與股本最大的不同,因為股本只有在公司破產(chǎn)清算時,股東才有可能拿到。
No.3、Debentures 債券
債券是一種借貸資本的表現(xiàn)形式,是一種證明公司借款的文件。通常有三種債券類型:
(1) 單一債券(a single debenture):通常是向一個人發(fā)行,這個人一般為銀行,具體的借款條款都會有銀行來提供。
(2) 一系列的債券(debentures issued in series):通常是可轉(zhuǎn)讓的債券,一般由不同的人在不同的時間向企業(yè)提供不同的借款金額。但是這些借款都會被注冊成一系列的債券,即還款時,雖然每筆借款相對獨立,但都是按比例同一時間償還。
(3) 公開發(fā)售的公司債(debenture stock):由大量的lenders來認購,這樣的債券形式必須要提供債券信托證(debenture trust deed)。
No.4、Debenture holder v.s. Shareholder 債權(quán)人v.s.股東
我們有一類考題會把借貸資本和股本進行對比,因此我們要掌握兩者的相同點和區(qū)別。
兩者的相同點在于:債券和股票都是長期資本,均可轉(zhuǎn)讓,發(fā)行程序和轉(zhuǎn)讓程序相同。
兩者的不同點在于:
第一,從持有人的地位出發(fā),持有債券的人我們稱之為debenture holder,屬于公司的債權(quán)人(creditor)。對于持有股票的人,我們稱之為shareholder,他們屬于公司的所有者。因此股東具有投票權(quán),債權(quán)人不享有投票權(quán)。
第二,資本的回報方面,對于股東來說,通常情況下他們會拿到公司的分紅,金額不是固定的,主要根據(jù)公司的盈利情況未來發(fā)展狀況來決定。對于債權(quán)人來說,每年只拿固定的利息。
第三,資本的返還方面,在公司經(jīng)營過程中,股東幾乎不可能拿到本金。只有在破產(chǎn)清算時,股東才有可能拿回自己的本金,而且排在最后一位。而對于債權(quán)人來說,當債券到期,就可以拿到本金加利息。
第四,發(fā)行方面,對于股東來講,股票不可以折價發(fā)行即發(fā)行價格要大于等于票面價格,公司也無需提供擔保物。而對于債券,企業(yè)根據(jù)市場的環(huán)境可以折價,平價,溢價發(fā)行債券,并且可以在債券上設置抵押物。
來源:ACCA學習幫
生活中我們經(jīng)常會聽到一種說法叫做股東權(quán)益,那股東權(quán)益是什么呢?又應該如何分配呢?下面跟著會計網(wǎng)一起來看看吧。
什么是股東權(quán)益?
股東權(quán)益又稱凈資產(chǎn),是指公司總資產(chǎn)中扣除負債所余下的部分。股東權(quán)益包括以下五部分:一是股本,即按照面值計算的股本金。二是資本公積。包括股票發(fā)行溢價、法定財產(chǎn)重估增值、接受捐贈資產(chǎn)價值。三是盈余公積,又分為法定盈余公積和任意盈余公積。四是法定公益金,按稅后利潤的5%一10%提取,用于公司福利設施支出。
股東權(quán)益的分配
分配股東利益,應當先計算可供分配的利潤,然后提取法定公積金。最后,除有限責任公司章程另有約定外,股息原則上按持股比例支付給股東。
公司分配當年稅后利潤時,應當提取利潤的百分之十列入公司法定公積金。公司法定公積金累計額超過公司注冊資本百分之五十的,不得提取。
公司法定公積金不足彌補以前年度虧損的,在依照前款規(guī)定提取法定公積金之前,應當先用當年利潤彌補虧損。
公司從稅后利潤中提取法定公積金后,經(jīng)股東大會或股東大會決議,也可以從稅后利潤中提取任意公積金。
公司彌補虧損和提取公積金后的剩余稅后利潤,由有限責任公司依照本法第三十四條的規(guī)定分配;股份有限公司應當按照股東所持股份的比例分配股份,但股份有限公司章程不按照所持股份的比例分配股份的除外。
股東會、股東大會或者董事會違反前款規(guī)定,在公司彌補虧損和提取法定公積金之前向股東分配利潤的,股東必須將違反規(guī)定分配的利潤退還公司。
公司持有的股份不得分配利潤。
公司估值是投融資、交易的前提。估值不是獨立的過程,而是全盤的考慮。一家投資機構(gòu)將一筆資金注入企業(yè),應該占有的權(quán)益首先取決于企業(yè)的價值。而一個成長中的企業(yè)值多少錢?這是一個非常專業(yè)、非常復雜的問題。宏觀環(huán)境、行業(yè)特性、估值方法、財務分析等等都是影響公司股值的關鍵因素。
你投資的公司真的賺錢嗎?
如何準確評估得到的和流失的資產(chǎn)價值?哪種估值策略運用的準確性最佳?
你如何評估自己苦心經(jīng)營的企業(yè)之價值?如何應對公司估值與做出投資決策中的風險?
投資有其固有的方法,掌握了這些方法,就必定能為你鏟除投資道路上的干擾,幫助你獲得投資回報。因此,在進行公司估值以前,需要掌握如何分析公司報表,如何利用模型進行預測、評估,這樣才能找到真正值得投資的公司。
【洞悉環(huán)境】充分認識宏觀經(jīng)濟環(huán)境,分析行業(yè)所處階段與發(fā)展情況
【方法掌握】全面掌握估值方法,在工作中靈活運用,進行高效的估值和定價分析
【模型建立】深度掌握公司估值與定價模型,學會利用三大報表進行財務預測
【因素分析】對于影響估值的關鍵因素進行深入分析,提高估值的效率
投資并購部、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃部經(jīng)理
投行、基金公司及券商的分析師與研究員
CFO、財務總監(jiān)、董秘
PE,VC的負責人
一、宏觀經(jīng)濟及行業(yè)狀況的解讀與分析 | 二、估值基礎理論與方法的準備 |
- 目前大的宏觀環(huán)境分析,對行業(yè)的影響情況 - 行業(yè)所處的階段,企業(yè)本身在市場中的份額 - 市場飽合度評估與分析 - 競爭對手情況,企業(yè)對市場的敏感度
| - 現(xiàn)金流量與資產(chǎn)價值的關系 - 引入風險與收益的描述手段與方法 - 如何利用目標權(quán)重確定資本成本——WACC - 破解MM定理 - 關于價值的關鍵概念區(qū)分 - 價值與價格 - 市場價值與賬面價值 - 持續(xù)經(jīng)營價值與清算價值 - 非控股權(quán)價值與控股權(quán)價值 |
三、企業(yè)如何選擇合適的評估方法 | 四、分析被評估企業(yè)的財務狀況 |
- 絕對估值法的理解與運用 - 導入絕對估值法的基本原理與使用步驟 - 現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)估值方法的解析 - 股權(quán)自由現(xiàn)金流模型與紅利折現(xiàn)模型的比較 - 解析凈資產(chǎn)價值法與經(jīng)濟增加值法中適用性與局限性 - 分析與對比相對估值法 - 理清相對估值法的特點與運用環(huán)境 - 引入股票價格倍數(shù)法 - 引入企業(yè)價值倍數(shù)法 - 如何選擇可比公司與可比指標 - 選擇估值方法應當考慮的因素
| - 構(gòu)建財務預測模型——價值評估的前提 - 三大財務報表的關系 - 三大財務報表預測模型的構(gòu)造 - 財務預測模型檢查和總結(jié) - 公司價值評估模型的構(gòu)成與計算步驟 - 現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)(DCF)——公司價值評估的主流方法 - 自由現(xiàn)金流量(FCF)to 股東和債權(quán)人 - 股東的現(xiàn)金流量-(FCFE) - 貼現(xiàn)率與貝塔值的確定 - 基于財務模型的后續(xù)分析 - EVA(Economic Value Added)分析 - 財務狀況分析(Financial Status) - 敏感性分析 - 前景分析 |
五、持續(xù)盈利能力預測的重要性 | 六、分析評估結(jié)論 |
- 企業(yè)收入情況預測 - 企業(yè)成本狀況分析 - 企業(yè)稅收與利潤分析 - 企業(yè)凈現(xiàn)金流預測 - 折現(xiàn)率如何確定 | - 收益法和市盈率法分別對企業(yè)進行價值進行評估 - 根據(jù)評估結(jié)果進行全面分析 |
想了解詳細課程資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流。
在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)R考試科目兩道報表題依舊是ACCA重難點題目,即使考生通過聽課、做題進行學習,但還是有很多人理解不了這考點知識。對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就為大家著重詳細講解一下關于合并報表Goodwill的計算問題。
考點一:Fair value of consideration
指的是母公司為了收購子公司所有要付出的consideration(對價)的公允價值,而consideration在FR考試中出現(xiàn)過五種形式,一般來說一道題中會出現(xiàn)兩到三種。
1. 以cash的形式收購。
這種情況下cash的數(shù)額直接作為fair value of consideration 。
2. 以shares的形式收購。
要注意的是,母公司用來收購子公司的shares不是已有的,而是新增發(fā)出來的,很多考題中會說“the share exchange has not been recorded”, 意思是需要考生自己在最后的報表中加上這新增的股票帶來的share capital 和share premium.
3. 以debts的形式收購。
母公司向子公司的原股東免費發(fā)行debts以此來收購其手中的股票。
4. 以deferred consideration的形式收購。
deferred consideration(遞延對價)需注意的問題是要做折現(xiàn)。
5. 以contingent consideration 的形式收購。
這一類對價處理起來非常簡單,題目會告訴你一個Fair value,考生直接使用即可。
注意:所有的對價都是母公司給子公司原股東的,因此這些對價不會出現(xiàn)在子公司的報表上。
我們來看一道歷年真題:
“On 1 October 2012, Paradigm acquired 75% of Strata’s equity shares by means of a share exchange of two new shares in Paradigm for every five acquired shares in Strata. In addition, Paradigm issued to the shareholders of Strata a $100 10% loan note for every 1,000 shares it acquired in Strata. Paradigm has not recorded any of the purchase consideration, although it does have other 10% loan notes already in issue. The market value of Paradigm’s shares at 1 October 2012 was $2 each.”
計算一下Fair value of consideration。
寫成分錄:
Dr Investment in Subsidiary 13,500
Cr Share capital 6,000
Share premium 6,000
Loan note 1,500
考點二:Fair value of Non-controlling interest
FR考試中Fair value of Non-controlling interest出現(xiàn)過三種考試形式:
1.題目直接告訴Fair value;
2.要求考生按照NCI所持有的股票數(shù)量乘以股價計算;
3.要求考生按照NCI占子公司Net asset(凈資產(chǎn))的比例來計算。
(其中考官表示在大題中不考查第3種形式。)
考點三:Fair value of Net asset of Subsidiary
第一步,確定Carrying amount of Net asset, 也就是Carrying amount of Equity。
Equity的構(gòu)成部分主要有Share capital/Retained earnings/Revaluation surplus…看題目具體科目。需要強調(diào)的是,我們需要的數(shù)字一定都是在acquisition date(收購日)。
第二步,找出子公司凈資產(chǎn)的Fair value 和Carrying amount 的差異并調(diào)整。
一般題目會直接告訴Fair value超過或者低于Carrying amount多少。
在一些特殊題目中,子公司可能會被新確認某個資產(chǎn)或者負債,從而影響其Fair value。
來看這道歷年真題
“At the date of acquisition, the fair values of Greca’s assets were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of two items:
– An item of plant had a fair value of $1·8 million above its carrying amount. The remaining life of the plant at the date of acquisition was three years. Depreciation is charged to cost of sales.
– Greca had a contingent liability which Viagem estimated to have a fair value of $450,000. This has not changed as at 30 September 2012.
Greca has not incorporated these fair value changes into its financial statements.”
計算一下Fair value adjustment:
好了,梳理完這三個考點,你能解鎖Goodwill了嗎,趕快自己練習起來吧!
來源:ACCA學習幫
What do you want to achieve or avoid?The answers to this question are objectives.How will you go about achieving your desire results?The answer to this you can call strategy.
Managing changing market conditions is never easy,but turmoil also presents unique opportunities to acquire previously unobtainable targets.However,acquirers must understand today’s credit limitations,new competition and investment legislation,increasing shareholder activism,and merger and acquisition(M&A)litigation issues.
The downturn may present many acquisition opportunities,but which fit best with your long-term business strategy?Leading strategic planners will describe how to develop an effective investment strategy,identify potential targets,and efficiently evaluate opportunities.Through this training you will explore how to identify and assess strategic targets,evaluate investment opportunities,navigate today’s deal hurdles,and successfully integrate an acquired business to deliver real results and real value.
Ensuring the realization of the M&A purpose
Deeply analysis on the hottest topics of M&A
Understanding the obstacles of Chinese corporations to do the strategic merge&acquisition
Learning the laws and regulations involving in the merge&acquisition activities
Controlling the risks when formulating a merge&acquisition strategy
Developing M&A deal negotiation skills
Gaining knowledge of target sourcing and driving success in the down market
Advancing in evaluation models and methods
Improving assessment of risk
Obtaining strategies of finance in M&A
CEO,VP,Director,GM,Head and Manager of
Strategic Planning、Finance
Corporate/Business Development
M&A/Legal
Corporate development strategy vs. M&A strategy
- Stable development strategy
- Defense strategy
- M&A categories
- Transaction valuation
- M&A Financing methods
- Case studies
Ensuring the new business conforms to company's objectives
- Differentiating Transaction Success & Deal Success
- Understanding the main factors for value creation
- Reorganizing, reconstructing and adjusting the business system
- Recommendation for PMI (Post Merger Integration) strategy
Strategic M&A and corporate core competitiveness
- What is the corporate core competitiveness
- Foster and enhance the core competitiveness of the strategic thinking
- Why should we enhance the core competitiveness
- Lacking of the core competitiveness
- Cultivating the core competitiveness through corporate M&A
- Two methods of obtaining the core competitiveness
- Core competitiveness has been the sourcing power of merge activities
Analyzing the key considerations before entering into cross border M&A
- Defining key factors that play a significant role in M&A flows
- Managing multi- jurisdiction due diligence
- Knowledge of geographic and industrial sectors have proven most attractive and the places future opportunities lie
- Understanding cultural considerations in cross border deals
Decision making process of strategic M&A
- Characteristics of strategic M&A
- M&A decision making process
- Opportunity analysis stage
- Preliminary analysis stage
- Detailed analysis stage
- Evaluation and decision making stage
- Target selecting
Understanding the differences between business valuation on local and international M&A transactions and negotiating the best deal
- What are the differences of business valuation when merging or acquiring local companies and international companies?
- Similar area, finance, legal, IP, HR, etc, but with different areas of concerns
- Difference in accounting, legal/IP, labor issues
- Key considerations in evaluating a target company
- Acquirer's business strategy vs. target business
- Products & marketing
- Identify synergy & improvement
- Management team
- Middle management
- Corporate Culture
- Optimizing a valuation----How to reach common understanding of the business valuation and transaction price on both sides of the fence?
- Communication
- Cultural factors
- Trust
- Control misunderstanding and misleading information
- Case studies-Lessons learned
Examining the synergies after strategic M&A-Case study from listed companies
- Management synergy
- Operating synergy
- Diversification synergy
- Financial and tax synergy
- Intangible assets synergy
Case Study-Advancing the negotiation and closing the deal
- Negotiating tactics: How to position your company from the opening offer to final agreement
- Using due diligence to enhance your advantages
- Understanding the strengths and the weaknesses in the other side's position
- Identifying the key value drivers
Management Buyout
- The development of MBO
- The purpose of MBO
- The financing method of MBO
- The pricing strategy of MBO
- Case study
想了解最新詳細課程大綱及資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流咨詢領取。
股東出資證明是公司股東地位或者權(quán)益的一種書面憑證。出資證明書,又稱出資證明是表現(xiàn)有限責任公司股東地位或者股東權(quán)益的一種要式證券。有限責任公司不同于股份有限公司,其全部資本并不分為股份,但是,有限責任公司的股東也有自己的出資額。在有限責任公司中記載股東出資的法律文書就是出資證明書,有的學者也主張稱為“股單”。
股東的出資形式是什么?
股東的出資形式是:
1、股東可以用貨幣出資,也可以用實物、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)、土地使用權(quán)等可以用貨幣估價并可以依法轉(zhuǎn)讓的非貨幣財產(chǎn)作價出資。
2、股東不得以勞務、信用、自然人姓名、商譽、特許經(jīng)營權(quán)或者設定擔保的財產(chǎn)等作價出資。
未盡出資義務的法律后果。
出資證明書特征有哪些?
出資證明書特征有:
1、出資證明書為有限責任公司所特有;
2、出資證明書為非股權(quán)證券;
3、出資證明書為有價證券;
4、出資證明書為要式證券;
5、出資證明書是有限責任公司成立后簽發(fā)的證明股東權(quán)益的憑證。
公司的出資證明書,必須載明哪些事項?
公司的出資證明書,必須載明的有公司的名稱、公司登記日期、公司的注冊資本、股東的姓名或者名稱、繳納的出資數(shù)額和出資日期、出資證明書的編號和核發(fā)日期。
股份有限公司股東出資證明到哪里開?
股份有限公司股東出資證明一般都是到工商部門開具的,到工商部門開具股東出資證明需要材料有營業(yè)執(zhí)照原件復印件;委托書(蓋紅章,最好帶著公章去);受托人身份證原件復印件。
有限責任公司的股東撤資是否需要交稅?
答:需要。根據(jù)《公司法》第七十一條規(guī)定,股東撤資的實質(zhì)是將股東所有的股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓給其他的購買人,而不是股東直接撤回股權(quán)的出資額。因此,根據(jù)《個人所得稅法》的規(guī)定,股東撤資需要按照股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓計算繳納個人所得稅,當轉(zhuǎn)讓所得減去出資額和合理稅費后還有所得時,需要按照財產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓所得繳納20%的個人所得稅。
政策參考:《公司法》第七十一條 有限責任公司的股東之間可以相互轉(zhuǎn)讓其全部或者部分股權(quán)。
股東向股東以外的人轉(zhuǎn)讓股權(quán),應當經(jīng)其他股東過半數(shù)同意。股東應就其股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓事項書面通知其他股東征求同意,其他股東自接到書面通知之日起滿三十日未答復的,視為同意轉(zhuǎn)讓。其他股東半數(shù)以上不同意轉(zhuǎn)讓的,不同意的股東應當購買該轉(zhuǎn)讓的股權(quán);不購買的,視為同意轉(zhuǎn)讓。
經(jīng)股東同意轉(zhuǎn)讓的股權(quán),在同等條件下,其他股東有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。兩個以上股東主張行使優(yōu)先購買權(quán)的,協(xié)商確定各自的購買比例;協(xié)商不成的,按照轉(zhuǎn)讓時各自的出資比例行使優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。
公司章程對股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓另有規(guī)定的,從其規(guī)定。
上市公司給予股東的投資回報,就是我們常說的股東分紅。那么股東分紅是否需要繳稅?這就要看股東是法人股東還是個人股東,本文將會詳細解答這一問題,來一起了解下吧!
股東分紅需要納稅嗎?
對于股東分紅是否要交稅這一問題,具體需要從股東是法人股東還是個人股東來分析:
個人股東分紅,由于其利息、股息、紅利所得都在個人所得稅的征收范圍之內(nèi),所以需要繳納個人所得稅,適用稅率為20%,但如果分紅是從上市公司所取得的,則可以享有減半征稅的優(yōu)惠。
法人股東分紅,原則上不需要交稅。因為按照企業(yè)所得稅法規(guī)定可得,符合條件的居民企業(yè)之間的股息、紅利等權(quán)益性投資收益屬于免稅收入。所以法人股東不需要納稅。
分紅的會計分錄怎么做?
借:利潤分配——應付普通股股利
貸:應付股利
支付時:
借:應付股利
貸:銀行存款或庫存現(xiàn)金
應交稅費——應交個人所得稅
繳納個人所得稅時:
借:應交稅費——應交個人所得稅
貸:銀行存款等
股東分紅是否可以轉(zhuǎn)為實收資本?
答:股東分紅是可以轉(zhuǎn)為實收資本的,但只能用稅后利潤轉(zhuǎn)增資本。
股東分紅是不是凈利潤分紅?
答:股東分紅不是當年凈利潤。
因為凈利潤雖然屬于股東權(quán)益,但是企業(yè)為了保證下個周期的再生產(chǎn),會從當期凈利潤當中提留下一部分(按照一定比例)投入生產(chǎn)中。