In the world only has two facts inevitably,one is the death,two is the tax revenue.
China is one of the biggest markets in the world and is attracting more and more global investors to move into the China market.In order to run the business in a most cost efficient way,it is necessary for the foreign investors to understand all the potential relevant tax costs that would be incurred in China before making an investment decision.In addition,different type of investment activities will trigger different types of taxes.
You can learn about China's tax policies and regulations.
You can understand the impact of tax laws on foreign investment in China
You can master the enterprise in the VAT reform in expanding around the pilot to adjust in accounting
You can grasp the meaning and usage of key taxes,such as Corporate income tax.
You can familiar with trial reform of the tax planning under the new basic concepts and skills.
You can understand the pilot reform possible strategy for enterprise influence.
Foreigners
Foreign Investment Enterprises("FIEs")
Foreign Enterprises("FEs")doing business in China
Module 1 China's Taxation System
Framework of tax system in China
Classification of taxes and Type of Tax
Module 2 Analysis of Specific Taxes
Tax on income
?Corporate income tax("CIT")
-standard tax rate is 25%
-the tax rate could be reduced to 15%for qualified enterprises which are engaged in industries encouraged by the China government.
?Individual income tax("IIT")
-progressive rates range from 5%to 45%.
Tax on transactions
?Value-added tax
-The meaning and the scope
-The standard tax rate is 17%with certain necessities taxed at 13%.
?Consumption tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
?Business tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax on specific objective
?Land appreciation tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Calculation of added value
Tax on resource
?Resources tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax on property
?Real estate tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax on behavior
?Vehicle and vessel tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
?Motor vehicle acquisition tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
?Stamp tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax levied by the Customs
?Customs duties
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
Tax levied by finance department
?Deed tax
-The meaning and the scope
-Tax rate
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相信大家在學(xué)習(xí)ACCA“Taxation”這門學(xué)科課程時候,當(dāng)中會涉及比較多英國納稅體系相關(guān)知識點,然而有比較多考生會對這部分知識存在疑惑及不理解,為了更好幫助大家認(rèn)識這一塊內(nèi)容,會計網(wǎng)就跟各位詳細(xì)介紹關(guān)于英國稅法體系的考點知識。
01、稅收的基本功能function和目的purpose是什么?
稅收是一種強有力的政策工具,也是主要的財政收入來源之一。它的存在,對社會穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮著重要作用,主要體現(xiàn)在如下三個方面:
A)Economic factors(Encourage and discourage certain types of activity:用來鼓勵或者抑制某些特定類型的活動,比如為了國民健康的角度考慮,煙酒的稅率相對較高,一定程度上增大了消費成本)
B)Social factors(Redistribute income and wealth:對收入或者財富的再分配,納稅的金額是根據(jù)收入的高低呈階梯狀分布的,可以簡單理解為收入越高或財富累計值越多的人,需要繳納的稅賦也越多。通過這種累進稅progressive tax的方式,可以一定程度上調(diào)節(jié)社會的貧富差距。)
C)Environmental factors(To deal with environmental concerns like global warming:可以通過稅收的調(diào)節(jié)提高國民環(huán)保的意識,比如高排車征稅多,而環(huán)境友好型或者電動車會更多地被鼓勵使用。)
02、稅賦的類型different types of taxes
A) Direct taxes直接稅
是由承擔(dān)納稅義務(wù)的人直接向稅務(wù)局納稅,而不是繳納給商家/賣家。常見的稅賦類型包括了Income tax,Corporation tax,National insurance contribution,Capital gains tax,Inheritance tax幾種。
B) Indirect taxes間接稅
不是直接將稅交給稅務(wù)局,而是交給商家/賣家,由其代交給稅務(wù)局。所以向稅務(wù)局納稅的人,并不是直接承擔(dān)納稅義務(wù)方。Value added tax增值稅是一個典型的例子。
C) Revenue taxes收入稅
這個指的是根據(jù)納稅人的收入水平征收的稅,一般來說收入越高,納稅越多。常見的稅賦類型包括了Income tax,Corporation tax(on income profits的部分),National insurance contribution幾種。
D) Capital taxes資本稅
這個是由于資產(chǎn)自身的增值等帶來了資本利得或者財富,進而征收的稅款。一般來說增值越多,價值越高,納稅越多。常見的稅賦類型包括了Capital gains tax,Corporation tax(on capital gains的部分),Inheritance tax幾種。
03、英國稅收系統(tǒng)UK tax system
根據(jù)英國的稅收系統(tǒng)基本框架結(jié)構(gòu)及其部門設(shè)置,可將主線分為兩條。一邊是負(fù)責(zé)做事情的財政部Her Majesty’s Treasury,另一邊是負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管的皇家檢察署Crown Prosecution Service(CPS)。
A) 財政部Her Majesty’s Treasury
財政部下設(shè)稅務(wù)及海關(guān)總署Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs(HMRC),其中又細(xì)分為Officers of Revenue and Customs對稅款進行核對,以及Receivable Management Officers對具體款項進行征收。
B) 皇家檢察署Crown Prosecution Service(CPS)
皇家檢察署下設(shè)稅務(wù)法庭Tax Tribunal稅務(wù)法庭,主要分成一級法院First tier tribunal(針對金額小的,案件簡單,即Basic cases; standard cases; Paper cases)和二級法院Upper tribunal(針對金額大的,案件復(fù)雜,即Complex case)。
當(dāng)一級法院First Tier Tribunal無法做決定時,可以進一步匯報給二級法院Upper Tribunal,或者再由二級法院Upper Tribunal再進一步匯報到法庭Court of Appeal.
04、具有法律效力的幾大法案來源Different sources of revenue law
A) Acts of Parliament議會成文法案
B) Statutory Instruments法定文書
C) Case law判例法
D) 除此之外稅務(wù)局還會出具一些公開的信息,統(tǒng)稱為 HMRC publication, 起輔助稅務(wù)管理的作用,但是不具法律效力:
(a) Statements of practice, setting out how they intend to apply the law
實踐聲明,具體解釋它如何運用于法律
(b) Extra-statutory concessions, setting out circumstances in which they will not apply the strict letter of the law where it would be unfair
法外特許,關(guān)于法律不能被嚴(yán)格遵守時的特殊情況說明
(c) A wide range of explanatory leaflets
其他廣泛的解釋
(d) Revenue and Customs Brief. This is gives HMRC's view on specific points
稅務(wù)及海關(guān)簡述,稅務(wù)局對某些具體問題的闡述
(e) The Internal Guidance, a series of manuals used by HMRC staff
內(nèi)部指南,稅務(wù)局工作人員從業(yè)手冊
05、節(jié)稅與逃稅Tax avoidance and tax evasion
A)Tax avoidance節(jié)稅
指的是合理避稅,也就是說通過稅務(wù)籌劃tax planning的方式,在不違法法律條款的前提下,來達到減免稅賦reduce tax burden的目的。
這種行為是合法Legal的。
B)Tax evasion逃稅
指的是逃稅漏稅,也就是說通過誤導(dǎo)稅務(wù)局Misleading HMRC的方式,暗中篡改數(shù)據(jù)或事實,故意隱瞞某些特定信息suppressing information或者故意提供虛假信息deliberately providing false information,以此來達到少交稅的目的。
這種行為是不合法Illegal的。
06、道德相關(guān)問題Ethical and professional issues
作為專業(yè)的會計師,我們在給客戶提供稅務(wù)相關(guān)的專業(yè)服務(wù)時,不可忽視的是職業(yè)道德的問題。在遇到客戶逃稅漏稅或者其他不合理行為時,我們要及時作出正確的處理。
A)The accountant has a responsibility to advise the client of the error, omission or failure and recommend that disclosure be made to HMRC.
會計師有責(zé)任針對客戶的錯誤、信息缺失或其他行為為客戶提供專業(yè)的建議,告知顧客應(yīng)該按照相關(guān)規(guī)定向稅務(wù)局進行披露。
B)If the client does not correct the error, omission or failure , the accountant should cease to act for the client and inform the client in writing.
如果顧客不及時改正錯誤,會計師應(yīng)該立刻終止服務(wù),并且以書面的形式正式地通知客戶。
A)The accountant should also notify HMRC that the accountant no longer acts for the client but should not provide details of the reason for ceasing to act.
會計師應(yīng)該通知稅務(wù)局不再為顧客提供專業(yè)的稅務(wù)服務(wù),但是不需提供具體細(xì)節(jié)性的說明(關(guān)于終止服務(wù)的具體原因)。
B)Report the client's refusal and the facts surrounding it to the Money Laundering Reporting Officer.
會計師應(yīng)該把顧客的行為和相關(guān)事實及時匯報給洗錢相關(guān)機構(gòu)MLRO。
C)The accountant must not disclose to the client that such a report has been made because it would be likely to prejudice investigation and this might constitute the criminal offence of 'tipping-off'.
會計師不能向客戶通風(fēng)報信,可能會提前讓顧客有所準(zhǔn)備而妨礙到相關(guān)調(diào)查的進行。
本文為ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫原創(chuàng)文章,獨家版權(quán)歸于本平臺,受到原創(chuàng)保護。任何渠道的轉(zhuǎn)載請后臺留言聯(lián)系授權(quán),侵權(quán)必究。
在ACCA考試中,對于Sales tax的計算很多同學(xué)并不清楚,每年的考試不少考生都在這個考點上失分,對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就跟大家詳細(xì)講解Sales tax這個考點內(nèi)容。
01、What is sales tax
間接稅(不由本人直接繳納的稅)
基于商品和服務(wù)的銷售價格進行征收
(ie.Sales tax = List price * 稅率)
增值稅的繳納者為商品的最終消費者,但是是由銷售商品的企業(yè)在賣商品時向消費者除了貨款外額外代收一筆增值稅,由企業(yè)集中交給稅務(wù)局,Sales tax對企業(yè)來說是一筆應(yīng)付賬款,可理解為應(yīng)付增值稅,是負(fù)債類科目。
分類:
02、Calaulation of sales tax
Sales tax = inclusive of sales tax (Gross amount)/ (1 + tax rate) × tax rate = exclusive of sales tax (Net amount)× tax rate
Sales tax payable = output sales tax – recoverable input sales tax
03、Accounting Treatment of sales tax
根據(jù)英國的稅收系統(tǒng)基本框架結(jié)構(gòu)及其部門設(shè)置,可將主線分為兩條。一邊是負(fù)責(zé)做事情的財政部Her Majesty’s Treasury,另一邊是負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管的皇家檢察署Crown Prosecution Service(CPS)。
對于在稅局登記過的公司來說(Tax registered):
1) Sales時收到的Output sales tax是代稅局收的,最終還要交還給稅局,所以這部分Output sales tax不能記入Sales,而是當(dāng)做一筆Sales tax payable,而這筆Output sales tax對公司來說仍然是應(yīng)收賬款,所以Trade receivable中的金額仍然包含Sales tax,也就是
Dr Trade receivable(含稅)
Cr Sales tax payable
Cr Sales(不含稅)
2) Purchase時支付的Input sales tax是稅局是會退稅的,所以這部分Input sales tax不能記入Purchase,而是當(dāng)做一筆Sales tax receivable,而這筆Input sales tax對公司來說仍然是應(yīng)付賬款,所以Trade payable中的金額仍然包含Sales tax,也就是:
Dr Purchase(不含稅)
Dr Sales tax receivable
Cr Trade payable(含稅)
對于沒有在稅局登記過的公司來說(Non tax register),就直接按含稅金額記錄,不用考慮Sales tax:
1) Sales:
Dr Trade receivable
Cr Sales
2) Purchase
Dr Purchase
Cr Trade payable
T賬
04、Sales tax payable movement
Opening sales tax payable + output tax - input tax - tax paid = Closing sales tax payable
05、Zero rated and exempt goods
大多數(shù)商品和服務(wù)均按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稅率繳納增值稅,但有些商品被稱為零稅率(zero rated)或免稅商品(exempt goods)。
如果商品的稅率為零(zero rates),則應(yīng)按0%的稅率征收增值稅。
免稅的商品(exempt goods),企業(yè)無法注冊增值稅,因此無法收回其購買所付的進項稅。
06、例題
The following information relates to Ava Co's sales tax for the month of March 20X3:
Sales (including sales tax) $109,250
Purchases (net of sales tax) $64,000
Sales tax is charged at a flat rate of 15%. Ava Co's sales tax account showed an opening credit balance of $4,540 at the beginning of the month and a closing debit balance of $2,720 at the end of the month.
What was the total sales tax paid to regulatory authorities during the month of March 20X3?
解析:考察Sales tax的Movement的計算:
Opening sales tax payable + output tax - input tax - tax paid = Closing sales tax payable
Opening sales tax payable = 4540(Cr);
Closing sales tax payable = -2720
(期末余額與T賬中期末值方向相反,期末余額在Dr方,則T賬中的期末值(c/d)在Cr方,且借方余額表示負(fù)的應(yīng)付賬款,所以是-2720);
Output sales tax(銷售產(chǎn)生的) = 109250(含稅金額)/(1+15%)*15% = 14250;
Input Sales tax(采購產(chǎn)生的) = 64000*15%(不含稅金額)= 9600;
所以本期Tax paid = Opening sales tax payable + output tax - input tax- Closing sales tax payable
= 4540+14250-9600-(-2720)=11910
以上就是我們Sales tax的內(nèi)容~
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在歷年的ACCA考試中,“Sales tax”一向都是以重要高頻考點的身份出現(xiàn)在考卷中,大家在備考當(dāng)中,很多人并不了解Sales tax是什么,也不知道它是怎么計算的,下面會計網(wǎng)就跟大家講解一下關(guān)于Sales tax知識點的內(nèi)容。
01、What is sales tax
●間接稅(不由本人直接繳納的稅)
●基于商品和服務(wù)的銷售價格進行征收
(ie.Sales tax = List price * 稅率)
●增值稅的繳納者為商品的最終消費者,但是是由銷售商品的企業(yè)在賣商品時向消費者除了貨款外額外代收一筆增值稅,由企業(yè)集中交給稅務(wù)局,Sales tax對企業(yè)來說是一筆應(yīng)付賬款,可理解為應(yīng)付增值稅,是負(fù)債類科目。
●分類:
02、Calaulation of sales tax
Sales tax = inclusive of sales tax (Gross amount)/ (1 + tax rate) × tax rate = exclusive of sales tax (Net amount)× tax rate
Sales tax payable = output sales tax – recoverable input sales tax
03、Accounting Treatment of sales tax
根據(jù)英國的稅收系統(tǒng)基本框架結(jié)構(gòu)及其部門設(shè)置,可將主線分為兩條。一邊是負(fù)責(zé)做事情的財政部Her Majesty’s Treasury,另一邊是負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管的皇家檢察署Crown Prosecution Service(CPS)。
●對于在稅局登記過的公司來說(Tax registered):
1) Sales時收到的Output sales tax是代稅局收的,最終還要交還給稅局,所以這部分Output sales tax不能記入Sales,而是當(dāng)做一筆Sales tax payable,而這筆Output sales tax對公司來說仍然是應(yīng)收賬款,所以Trade receivable中的金額仍然包含Sales tax,也就是
Dr Trade receivable(含稅)
Cr Sales tax payable
Cr Sales(不含稅)
2) Purchase時支付的Input sales tax是稅局是會退稅的,所以這部分Input sales tax不能記入Purchase,而是當(dāng)做一筆Sales tax receivable,而這筆Input sales tax對公司來說仍然是應(yīng)付賬款,所以Trade payable中的金額仍然包含Sales tax,也就是:
Dr Purchase(不含稅)
Dr Sales tax receivable
Cr Trade payable(含稅)
●對于沒有在稅局登記過的公司來說(Non tax register),就直接按含稅金額記錄,不用考慮Sales tax:
1) Sales:
Dr Trade receivable
Cr Sales
2) Purchase
Dr Purchase
Cr Trade payable
04、Sales tax payable movement
Opening sales tax payable + output tax - input tax - tax paid = Closing sales tax payable
05、Zero rated and exempt goods
●大多數(shù)商品和服務(wù)均按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稅率繳納增值稅,但有些商品被稱為零稅率(zero rated)或免稅商品(exempt goods)。
●如果商品的稅率為零(zero rates),則應(yīng)按0%的稅率征收增值稅。
●免稅的商品(exempt goods),企業(yè)無法注冊增值稅,因此無法收回其購買所付的進項稅。
06、例題
The following information relates to Ava Co's sales tax for the month of March 20X3:
Sales (including sales tax) $109,250
Purchases (net of sales tax) $64,000
Sales tax is charged at a flat rate of 15%. Ava Co's sales tax account showed an opening credit balance of $4,540 at the beginning of the month and a closing debit balance of $2,720 at the end of the month.
What was the total sales tax paid to regulatory authorities during the month of March 20X3?
解析:考察Sales tax的Movement的計算:
Opening sales tax payable + output tax - input tax - tax paid = Closing sales tax payable
Opening sales tax payable = 4540(Cr);
Closing sales tax payable = -2720
(期末余額與T賬中期末值方向相反,期末余額在Dr方,則T賬中的期末值(c/d)在Cr方,且借方余額表示負(fù)的應(yīng)付賬款,所以是-2720);
Output sales tax(銷售產(chǎn)生的) = 109250(含稅金額)/(1+15%)*15% = 14250;
Input Sales tax(采購產(chǎn)生的) = 64000*15%(不含稅金額)= 9600;
所以本期Tax paid = Opening sales tax payable + output tax - input tax- Closing sales tax payable
= 4540+14250-9600-(-2720)=11910
以上就是我們Sales tax的內(nèi)容~
本文為ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫原創(chuàng)文章,獨家版權(quán)歸于本平臺,受到原創(chuàng)保護。任何渠道的轉(zhuǎn)載請后臺留言聯(lián)系授權(quán),侵權(quán)必究。