在往年ACCA考試中,Absorption costing 吸收成本法和Marginal costing 邊際成本法一直都是MA科目考試的必考內容,很多同學對于這兩個知識點并不是很理解,下面會計網就跟大家詳細講解。
一、對于AC和MC究竟需要掌握哪些知識點,掌握到什么程度?
A: 對于這兩種成本法,大家需要掌握4部分的內容:1) 兩種成本法的利潤表2) 兩種成本法的區別3) 兩種成本法的聯系4) 兩種成本法的優缺點
前三點是大家一定!一定!要熟練掌握的內容,我們的考查重點也是前面三個部分;最后的優缺點通常會出現在文字題當中,考察的頻率不高,大家只要有個基本的了解就可以了。
二、AC MC兩種成本法具體的利潤計算公式是什么呢?
A:AC MC下的利潤是要根據利潤表進行計算的,二者的利潤表結構如圖。
三、AC和MC兩種成本法又有什么聯系?
A:兩種成本法的凈利潤是存在聯系的:
AC凈利潤 = MC 凈利潤 + OAR * (purchase – sales )同時根據存貨的變動公式:opening inventory + purchase - closing inventory = sales我們還可以得到AC凈利潤 = MC 凈利潤 + OAR * (closing inventory – opening inventory )兩種成本法凈利潤產生聯系的原因在于二者對于固定生產間接費用的處理方式不同。由于在AC法中,cost of sales中固定生產間接費用是按照銷售數量來計算的,而MC下減掉的是生產過程中發生的全部固定生產間接費用,所以二者的凈利潤會因為生產數量和銷售數量的差異而有不同的結果,這個也是上面公式的來源。
同時,這三個公式是我們解決AC MC利潤轉換相關計算題的關鍵,同學們一定要牢牢記在心中,并要會利用公式解決問題。
四、AC MC的優缺點又是什么?
A:對于AC MC的優缺點,老師有一個表格可以分享給大家。同學們只要能夠做到對表格中的內容有基本的辨析就可以了~
來源:ACCA學習幫
2020年ACCA12月考季即將要來了,在ACCA考試中,Absorption costing 吸收成本法和Marginal costing 邊際成本法一直都是考試的必考內容。大家在備考當中,經常會對這兩個知識點存在比較多疑問,對此,會計網就為大家一一解答。
AC MC兩種成本法,具體的利潤計算公式是什么呢?
A: AC MC下的利潤是要根據利潤表進行計算的,二者的利潤表結構如圖。
那AC MC兩種成本法又有什么聯系?
A:兩種成本法的凈利潤是存在聯系的:
AC凈利潤 = MC 凈利潤 + OAR * (purchase – sales )
同時根據存貨的變動公式:opening inventory + purchase - closing inventory = sales
我們還可以得到
AC凈利潤 = MC 凈利潤 + OAR * (closing inventory – opening inventory )
兩種成本法凈利潤產生聯系的原因在于二者對于固定生產間接費用的處理方式不同。由于在AC法中,cost of sales中固定生產間接費用是按照銷售數量來計算的,而MC下減掉的是生產過程中發生的全部固定生產間接費用,所以二者的凈利潤會因為生產數量和銷售數量的差異而有不同的結果,這個也是上面公式的來源。
同時,這三個公式是我們解決AC MC利潤轉換相關計算題的關鍵,同學們一定要牢牢記在心中,并要會利用公式解決問題。
AC MC的優缺點又是什么?
A:對于AC MC的優缺點,老師有一個表格可以分享給大家。同學們只要能夠做到對表格中的內容有基本的辨析就可以了~
好啦,以上就是大家經常會存在的疑問,不知道你的疑惑有沒有得到解答呢~
來源:ACCA學習幫
在ACCA考試當中,MA科目有不少計算考題會難倒很多考生,對此會計網今天為大家帶來有關MA科目幾道經典考題,各位考生在作答完后可以看看答案解析進行加以理解。
第一題
A company has the following budgeted costs and revenues:($ per unit)
Sales price 50
Variable production cost 18
Fixed production cost 10
In the most recent period, 2,000 units were produced and 1,000 units were sold. Actual sales price, variable production cost per unit and total fixed production costs were all as budgeted. Fixed production costs were over-absorbed by $4,000. There was no opening inventory for the period.
What would be the reduction in profit for the period if the company has used marginal costing rather than absorption costing?
A. 4,000
B. 6,000
C. 10,000
D. 14,000
答案:C
解析:考察AC和MC下利潤調整公式AC=MC+OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory); Opening inventory + Production-Sales = Closing inventory;
得出Closing inventory- Opening inventory= Production-Sales=2000-1000=1000;最終AC-MC= OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=10*1000=10000。MC= AC-OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=26000-10*1000=16000
第二題
The following data relates to a company’s overhead cost.
Using the high low technique, what is the variable cost per unit (to the nearest $ 0.01) expressed in current year price?
A. $3.22
B. $4.13
C. $4.65
D. $5.06
答案:B
解析:將兩年前的Overhead costs調整到現在的價格水平下,即=3700*(155/121)=4739.67。高低點求出y=a+bx中的b,即=(13000-4739.67)/(3000-1000)=4.13
第三題
An investment centre earns a return on investment of 18% and a residual income of $300000. The cost of capital is 15%. A new project offers a return on capital employed of 17%.
If the new project were adopted, what would happen to the investment centre’s return on investment and residual income?
Return on investment Residual income
A Increase Decrease
B Increase Decrease
C Decrease Decrease
D Decrease Increase
答案:D
解析:新項目的ROCE 17%<投資中心的ROCE 18%,則投資新項目會造成投資中心部門整體ROCE的下降;但新項目的ROCE 17%>The cost of capital 15%;RI=Controllable profit-Controllable interest=Capital employed*17%- Capital employed*15%>0;則投資新項目會造成投資中心部門整體RI的上升。
第四題
A company calculates the following under a standard absorption costing system.
(i) The sales volume margin variance
(ii) The total fixed overhead variance
(iii) The total variable overhead variance
If a company changed to a standard marginal costing system, which variances could change in value?
A. (i) only
B. (ii) only
C. (i) and (ii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
答案:C
解析:(i)在AC下是Sales volume profit variance,在MC下是Sales volume contribution variance;(ii)在AC下是等于Fixed OH expenditure variance加上Fixed OH volume variance,在MC下只有Fixed OH expenditure variance。
來源:ACCA學習幫
在備考ACCA過程中,做題同樣也是一個必不可少的重要環節,尤其對于歷年的真題考生一定要做到舉一反三,下面會計網給大家帶來關于MA科目幾道經典例題,并針對相關高頻考點進行詳細講解。
第一題
A company has the following budgeted costs and revenues:($ per unit)
Sales price 50
Variable production cost 18
Fixed production cost 10
In the most recent period, 2,000 units were produced and 1,000 units were sold. Actual sales price, variable production cost per unit and total fixed production costs were all as budgeted. Fixed production costs were over-absorbed by $4,000. There was no opening inventory for the period.
What would be the reduction in profit for the period if the company has used marginal costing rather than absorption costing?
A. 4,000
B. 6,000
C. 10,000
D. 14,000
答案:C
解析:考察AC和MC下利潤調整公式AC=MC+OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory); Opening inventory + Production-Sales = Closing inventory;
得出Closing inventory- Opening inventory= Production-Sales=2000-1000=1000;最終AC-MC= OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=10*1000=10000。MC= AC-OAR*(Closing inventory-Opening inventory)=26000-10*1000=16000
第二題
The following data relates to a company’s overhead cost.
Using the high low technique, what is the variable cost per unit (to the nearest $ 0.01) expressed in current year price?
A. $3.22
B. $4.13
C. $4.65
D. $5.06
答案:B
解析:將兩年前的Overhead costs調整到現在的價格水平下,即=3700*(155/121)=4739.67。高低點求出y=a+bx中的b,即=(13000-4739.67)/(3000-1000)=4.13
第三題
An investment centre earns a return on investment of 18% and a residual income of $300000. The cost of capital is 15%. A new project offers a return on capital employed of 17%.
If the new project were adopted, what would happen to the investment centre’s return on investment and residual income?
Return on investment Residual income
A Increase Decrease
B Increase Decrease
C Decrease Decrease
D Decrease Increase
答案:D
解析:新項目的ROCE 17%<投資中心的ROCE 18%,則投資新項目會造成投資中心部門整體ROCE的下降;但新項目的ROCE 17%>The cost of capital 15%;RI=Controllable profit-Controllable interest=Capital employed*17%- Capital employed*15%>0;則投資新項目會造成投資中心部門整體RI的上升。
第四題
A company calculates the following under a standard absorption costing system.
(i) The sales volume margin variance
(ii) The total fixed overhead variance
(iii) The total variable overhead variance
If a company changed to a standard marginal costing system, which variances could change in value?
A. (i) only
B. (ii) only
C. (i) and (ii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
答案:C
解析:(i)在AC下是Sales volume profit variance,在MC下是Sales volume contribution variance;(ii)在AC下是等于Fixed OH expenditure variance加上Fixed OH volume variance,在MC下只有Fixed OH expenditure variance。
來源:ACCA學習幫