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    相關學習資料
    文章重點關注!ACCA考試科目F2重難點資料!
    2023-01-10 16:00:39 781 瀏覽

      ACCA考試科目一共有15門,其中F2為《管理會計》,這門科目的主要內(nèi)容是關于管理會計體系的主要元素和管理會計的作用,其中涉及較多的知識點多且雜,如管理會計,管理信息,成本會計等,考試難點較多,F(xiàn)2《管理會計》重點難點資料,具體如下:

    重點關注!ACCA考試科目F2重難點資料!

      1.Target cost=target selling price–target profit=market price–desired profit margin.

      2.cost gap=estimated cost–target cost.

      3.TQM:

     ?、賞reventing costs

     ?、赼ppraisal costs

     ?、踚nternal failure costs

     ?、躤xternal failure cost

      4.Alternative costing principle:

     ?、貯BC(activity based costing)

     ?、赥arget costing

     ?、跮ife cycle

     ?、躎QM

      8.Time series:

      ①trend

      ②seasonal variation:⑴加法模型sum to zero;⑵乘法模型sum to 4

     ?、踓yclical variation

     ?、躵andom variation

      9.pricipal budget factor關鍵預算因子:be limited the activities

      10.budget purpose:

     ?、賑ommunication

     ?、赾oordination

     ?、踓ompel the plan

     ?、躮otivative employees

     ?、輗esource allocation

      11.Budget committee的功能:①coordinated②administration

      12.Budget:①function budget②master budget:1.P&L;2.B/S;3.Cash Flow

      13.Fixed Budget:不是在于固不固定,而是基于一個業(yè)務量的考慮,financail expression.

      Flexible Budget:包含了固定成本和變動成本,并且變動成本的變化是隨著業(yè)務量的變化而改變。

      14.Flexible Budget的優(yōu)點:

     ?、賠ecognize different cost behavior.

     ?、趇mprove quality and a comparison of like with like

      ③help managers to forecast cost,revenue and profit.

      15.Flexible Budget的缺點:

     ?、偌僭O太簡單。

     ?、谛枰嗟臅r間準備預算編制。

      16.Controllable cost is a“cost which can be influenced by”its budget holder.大部分的變動成本是可控的,non-controllable cost為inflation.

      17.Budget Behavior:

     ?、賞articipate approach

     ?、趇mposed budget

      18.payback投資回收期的缺點:

     ?、賗gnore profitability

     ?、趖he time value of money is ignored

     ?、蹧]有考慮項目后期帶來的經(jīng)濟利益

     ?、躠rbitray武斷

      19.payback投資回收期的優(yōu)點:

     ?、賓asy to calculate

     ?、趙idely use

      ③minimize the effect of the risk and help liqidity

      ★如果在算投資回收期的時候,發(fā)生折舊,則需要加回折舊,因為折舊是非現(xiàn)金項目。

      20.(1+real interst rate)*(1+inflation rate)=(1+nominal interest rate)

      21.NPV=present value of future net cash flow–present value of initial cost

      22.永續(xù)年金=A/i

      23.每年的匯報是相同的就查看年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,不同的就查看年金系數(shù)表。

      24.EAR=CAR=APR=(1+r/n)n–1有效年利率

      25.IRR:(based on cash flow analysis)

     ?、買RR&gt;cost of capital,NPV&gt;0,worth taking

     ?、贗RR&lt;cost of capital,NPV&lt;0,not worthwhile.

      26.ARR=average profit/average investment(ARR是基于profit)

      Average investment=(initial investment–residual value)/2

      27.type of standard:

     ?、賐asic standard

     ?、赾urrent standard

     ?、踚deal standard

     ?、躠ttainable standard

      28.Variance

     ?、馦aterial Variance

     ?、舤otal material variance=standard cost–actual cost

     ?、苖aterial price variance=(standard price–actual price)*actual quantity

     ?、莔aterial usage variance=(standard usage of actual output-actual usage)*standard price.

     ?、駾irect Labor Variance

     ?、舠tandard pay–actual pay

     ?、芁abor rate variances=(standard rate–actual rate)*actual hrs of actual output

     ?、荓abor efficiency variances=(standard hrs of actual output–actual hrs)*standard rate

     ?、骎ariable production overhead variances

     ?、臫otal variable O.H.variance=standard cost–actual cost

     ?、芕ariable O.H.expenditure variance=(standard rate–actual rate)*actual hrs

     ?、荲ariable O.H.efficiency variance=(standard hrs of actual output–actual hrs)*standard rate

     ?、鬎ixed O.H.expenditure variance

     ?、臚ixed O.H.Expenditure variance=budget expenditure–actual expenditure

      ⑵Fixed O.H.volume=(actual output-budgeted volume)*standard hrs per unit*standard rate per hr.

     ?、荂apacity variance=(actual hrs worked–budgeted hrs worked)*standard rate per hr

     ?、菶fficiency variance=(standard hrs worked for actual output–actual hrs worked)*standard rate per hr⑴+⑵:Fixed O.H.total variance=fixed O.H.absorbed–actual expenditure

     ?、鮏ales variance

     ?、臩ales price variances=(actual price–budget price)*actual sales units

     ?、芐ales volume variances=(actual sales units–budget sales units)*standard profit per unit

      (absorption)

     ?、荢ales volume variances=(actual sales units–budget sales units)*standard CPU(marginal costing)

     ?、鯥dle time variances

      Idle time variance=(expected idle time–actual idle time)*adjusted hr rate

      29.The elements of a mission statement including:

     ?、貾urpose

     ?、赟trategy

     ?、跴olicies and standards of behavior

     ?、躒alues and culture

      30.A critical success factor is a performance requirement that is fundamental to competitive success.

      31.Profitability ratios

     ?、賀eturn on capital employed(ROCE)

      =profit before interest and tax/(shareholders’funds+long-term liabilities)×100%

     ?、赗eturn on equity(ROE)=profit after tax/shareholders’funds×100%

     ?、跘sset turnover=sales/capital employed×100%

      =sales/(shareholders’funds+long-term liabilities)×100%

     ?、躊rofit margin=profit before interest and tax/sales×100%

      Profit margin×asset turnover=ROCE

      32.Debt and gearing ratios

     ?、貲ebt-to-equity ratio=long-term liabilities/total equity×100%

     ?、贗nterest cover=PBIT/Interest×100%

      33.Liquidity ratios

     ?、貱urrent ratio=current assets/current liabilities

     ?、赒uick ratio(acid test ratio)=current assets minus inventory/current liabilities

      34.Working capital ratios

     ?、買nventory days=average inventory*365/cost of sales

     ?、赗eceivables days=average trade receivables*365/sales

     ?、跴ayables days=average trade payables*365/cost of sales(or purchases)

      35.Non-financial performance measures

      Non-financial performance measures are considered to be leading indicators of financial performance.

     ?、費arket share

     ?、贗nnovation

     ?、跥rowth

     ?、躊roductivity

      ⑤Quality

     ?、轘ocial aspects

      36.The balanced scorecard:

     ?、賔inancial perspective

     ?、趀xternal perspective

     ?、踓ustomer perspective

     ?、躭earning and innovation perspective

      37.Benchmarking:

     ?、買nternal benchmarking

     ?、贑ompetitive benchmarking

     ?、跢unctional benchmarking

     ?、躍trategic benchmarking

      38.Value analysis is a planned,scientific approach to cost reduction,which reviews the material composition of a product and the product's design so that modifications and improvements can be made which do not reduce the value of the product to the customer or user.

      39.Four aspects of'value'should be considered:

     ?、貱ost value

     ?、贓xchange value

     ?、踀tility value

     ?、蹺steem value

      40.ROI=PBIT/capital employed*100%

      Widely used and accepted;As a relative measure it enables comparisons to be made with divisions or companies of different sizes.

      41.RI=PBIT-Imputed interest*capital employed.

      Possible to use different rates of interest for different types of assets;Cost of finance is being considered.

    展開全文
    文章IFRSs Update &amp; Comparison of PRC GAAP
    2023-08-17 14:15:03 366 瀏覽

    課程背景

      Great changes will take place in 2012 for IFRS,in this critical year,what key milestones can help you to ensure you will be well prepared for filing your first interim IFRS financial statements 2011 will be discussed in this training.

    IFRSs Update \n& Comparison of PRC GAAP

      In the context of increasing global usage of IFRS and expected convergence of PRC GAAP with IFRS over the coming years,we will discuss both the current differences between PRC GAAP and IFRS as well as highlighting some of the developments in IFRS that are currently under discussion.This training is appropriate for both the novice in IFRS financial reporting who needs to be up-to-date quickly,and the veteran financial professional who is looking for a refresher course which including current issues and projects.In this course we will highlight IFRS VS PRC GAAP with details to help you on applying these two standards into your real business.

    課程收益

      Understanding that accounting standards are not just a matter for specialists

      Cementing your knowledge of IFRS with hands-on case studies and examples

      Recognizing and going beyond the difference between IFRS and Chinese GAAP

      Technical analysis and discussion on the latest strategic updates and future direction of IFRS

      Implementing IFRS accounting for assets,liabilities and owners equity

      Revisiting basic concepts such as lease accounting,impairment,fair value,revenue recognition,contingencies,financial instruments,business combinations…

      Providing recent updates and their consequences including IFRS for small and medium-sized entities

      Guidance on the challenges to face when first time adoption or implementing new/or some specific standards

    課程對象

      CFO/CEO/CIO

      Finance Director/Manager/Controller

      Auditing Manager

      Accounting Manager

      Investment/Financial/Equity Analysts

    課程大綱

      Day 1

      A.Introduction to IFRS

      -Latest Developments at the IASB

      -Convergence with US GAAP

      -Convergence with Chinese GAAP

      -IFRS–a principle based framework of accounting

      -Summary of IFRS 2009-2011 updates

      -IFRS and fair value considerations,IFRS 13 Fair value measurement

      B.Assets

      -Current assets,IAS 2 Inventories/CAS 1 Inventories

      -Tangible fixed assets,IAS 16 Property,Plant and Equipment/CAS 4 Property,Plant and Equipment

      -Current update of lease accounting,IAS 17 Leases;ED/2010/9 Leases/CAS 21 Leasing

      -Intangible assets–intellectual property and development costs,IAS 38 Intangible assets/CAS 6 Intangible assets

      -Borrowing costs,IAS 23 Borrowing costs/CAS 17 Borrowing costs

      -Impairment,IAS 36 Impairment of assets/CAS 8 Impairment of assets

      C.Liabilities

      -Contingencies,IAS 37 Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets/CAS,13 Contingencies

      -Retirement benefits,IAS 19 Employee Benefits/CAS 9 Employee Benefits

      -Update of financial instruments and hedge accounting,IFRS 7 Financial Instruments:Disclosures/CAS 37 Financial,Instruments:Presentation and Disclosures,IFRS 9 Financial Instruments/CAS 12 Debt restructuring;CAS 22 Financial Instruments:Recognition and Measurement,CAS 23 Transfer of Financial Assets;CAS 24 Hedging

      D.Income and expenditure

      -Revenue recognition,IAS 11 Construction contracts/CAS 15 Construction contracts,IAS 18 Revenue;ED/2010/6 Revenue from contracts with,customers/CAS 14 Revenue

      -Taxes,IAS 12 Income Taxes/CAS 18 Income Taxes

      -Other Income statement topics,IAS 20 Accounting for Government grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance/CAS 16 Government Grants,IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates/CAS 19 Foreign Currency Translation,IFRS 2 Shared-based Payment/CAS 11 Share-based payment,IFRS 8 Operating Segments/CAS 35 Segmental Reporting

      Day 2

      E.Consolidation and business combinations

      -What constitutes a business combinations,IFRS 3 Business combinations/CAS 20 Business combinations

      -Inclusion of investments with differing levels of control,IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements/CAS 33,Consolidated financial statements,IFRS 11 Joint arrangements/CAS 2 Long term equity investments,IFRS 12 Disclosure of interest in other entities

      F.Financial statements and first time adoption

      -Disclosure requirements,IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements/CAS 30 Presentation of financial statements,IAS 7 Statements of cash-flows/CAS 31 Cash flow statements,IAS 8 Accounting policies,changes in accounting estimates and errors/CAS 28 Changes in accounting policies and estimates and correction of errors,IAS 10 Events after the reporting

      period/CAS 29 Events after the balance sheet date,IAS 24 Related party disclosures/CAS 36 Related party disclosures,IAS 33 Earnings per share/CAS 34 Earnings per share,IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting/CAS 32 Interim financial reporting,IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

      -First time application issues,IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards/CAS 38 First Time Adoption of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises

      G.Summary of ASBE/CAS/IFRS differences

      -Recap the differences between old and new Chinese GAAP with IFRS

      H.IFRS for SMEs(Small and Medium Sized Enterprises)

      -To whom does it apply?

      -Differences Between“Full”IFRS and“IFRS for SMEs”


    想了解詳細課程資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流。

    展開全文
    文章ACCA知識點講解:如何設計審計程序?
    2021-04-01 15:06:10 944 瀏覽

      在ACCA考試中,audit evidence(審計證據(jù))每年基本上都會出現(xiàn)在試卷題目中,很多同學都會在這個知識點上丟分,下面會計網(wǎng)今天就跟大家著重詳解這個知識點內(nèi)容。

    ACCA知識點講解

      01、Audit procedures(審計程序)的分類:

      Tests of controls (控制測試)

      Tests of controls are audit procedures designed to evaluate the operating effectiveness of controls in preventing, or detecting and correcting, material misstatements at the assertion level.控制測試指的是為了評估被審計單位內(nèi)部控制的有效性而設計實施的審計程序,其中有效的內(nèi)控指的是能夠及時的預防或者發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正認定層次重大錯報的內(nèi)控。

      Substantive procedures(實質(zhì)性程序)

      Substantive procedures are audit procedures designed todetect material misstatements at the assertion level.實質(zhì)性程序是指審計師為了發(fā)現(xiàn)認定層次的重大錯報而設計實施的審計程序。

      02、Substantive procedures 分類:

      Analytical procedures (實質(zhì)性分析程序)

      Analytical procedures as substantive procedures tend to be appropriate for large volumes of predictable transactions.實質(zhì)性分析程序更適用于分析一些交易量大的交易或事項并獲取審計證據(jù),比如與薪酬相關的科目。

      Tests of detail (細節(jié)測試)

      Tests of detail may be appropriate to gain information about account balances.細節(jié)測試更適用于獲取科目余額相關的審計證據(jù),如存貨或應收賬款。

      以上就是對于audit procedures的分類,這個知識點需要同學能夠熟練的理解并掌握,因為會貫穿到后面整個AA科目的學習哦。

      03、知識點注意

      考試過程中題目會考察考生對Tests of detail的描述,請注意寫答案的時候一定要是完整的答案,我們先來看一下下面的三句話:

      a. Check sales invoices

      b. Inspect the amount from a sample of sales invoices

      c. Inspect the amount from a sample of sales invoices to ensure the accuracy of sales transaction

      以上三個表述不難看出C是表達的最完整的,這個也是考試的時候?qū)τ趖ests of detail表達的要求,需要具體寫出要做什么行為以及該行為的目的是什么,兩者都點到才有滿分~

      為了方便大家理解,再給大家看幾句完整的tests of detail的表達句式:

      ? Inspection of contract amount to ensure the accuracy of the amounts recorded in the financial statements

      ? Physical inspection of non-current assets to ensure their existence, such as warehouse and equipment.

      Agree long term liabilities to the relevant loan agreement to ensure it's right and obligation

      來源:ACCA學習幫

    展開全文
    文章ACCA考點解析:audit evidence
    2021-08-24 14:00:18 1157 瀏覽

      在往年ACCA考試中,“audit evidence”經(jīng)常都會出現(xiàn)在試卷里,并且也是一個讓考生難以理解、容易混淆的??键c,今天會計網(wǎng)就跟大家詳解這個知識點。

    ACCA考點解析

      01、Audit procedures(審計程序)的分類:

      Tests of controls (控制測試)

      Tests of controls are audit procedures designed to evaluate the operating effectiveness of controls in preventing, or detecting and correcting, material misstatements at the assertion level.控制測試指的是為了評估被審計單位內(nèi)部控制的有效性而設計實施的審計程序,其中有效的內(nèi)控指的是能夠及時的預防或者發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正認定層次重大錯報的內(nèi)控。

      Substantive procedures(實質(zhì)性程序)

      Substantive procedures are audit procedures designed to detect material misstatements at the assertion level.實質(zhì)性程序是指審計師為了發(fā)現(xiàn)認定層次的重大錯報而設計實施的審計程序。

      02、Substantive procedures 分類:

      Analytical procedures (實質(zhì)性分析程序)

      Analytical procedures as substantive procedures tend to be appropriate for large volumes of predictable transactions.實質(zhì)性分析程序更適用于分析一些交易量大的交易或事項并獲取審計證據(jù),比如與薪酬相關的科目。

      Tests of detail (細節(jié)測試)

      Tests of detail may be appropriate to gain information about account balances.細節(jié)測試更適用于獲取科目余額相關的審計證據(jù),如存貨或應收賬款。

      以上就是對于audit procedures的分類,這個知識點需要同學能夠熟練的理解并掌握,因為會貫穿到后面整個AA科目的學習哦。

      同時,有一個小的知識點也需要大家注意(敲黑板)↓↓↓

      03、知識點注意

      考試過程中題目會考察考生對Tests of detail的描述,請注意寫答案的時候一定要是完整的答案,我們先來看一下下面的三句話:

      a. Check sales invoices

      b. Inspect the amount from a sample of sales invoices

      c. Inspect the amount from a sample of sales invoices to ensure the accuracy of sales transaction

      以上三個表述不難看出C是表達的最完整的,這個也是考試的時候?qū)τ趖ests of detail表達的要求,需要具體寫出要做什么行為以及該行為的目的是什么,兩者都點到才有滿分~

      為了方便大家理解,再給大家看幾句完整的tests of detail的表達句式:

      Inspection of contract amount to ensure the accuracy of the amounts recorded in the financial statements

      Physical inspection of non-current assets to ensure their existence, such as warehouse and equipment.

      Agree long term liabilities to the relevant loan agreement to ensure it's right and obligation

      以上就是今天分享的AA知識點內(nèi)容,同學們要掌握好audit procedures的分類、每一個程序的定義、以及tests of detail的表達。

      來源:ACCA學習幫

    展開全文
    文章長期負債包括什么內(nèi)容?
    2021-04-21 21:22:34 1607 瀏覽

      企業(yè)發(fā)生的長期負債,一般是指償還期在一年以上的債務,數(shù)額相對較大,具體包括哪些內(nèi)容?

    長期負債

      長期負債包括哪些?

      長期負債主要有長期借款、應付債券、長期應付款等。長期負債與流動負債相比,具有數(shù)額較大、償還期限較長的特點。因此,舉借長期負債往往附有一定的條件,如需要企業(yè)指定某項資產(chǎn)作為還款的擔保品,要求企業(yè)指定擔保人。設置償債基金等,以保護債權人經(jīng)濟利益。

      流動負債的概念

      流動負債是企業(yè)將在1年內(nèi)或超過一年的一個營業(yè)周期內(nèi)償還的債務。從理論上說,流動負債與流動資產(chǎn)是密切相關的,通過兩者的比較可以大致了解企業(yè)的短期償債能力和清算能力。

      流動負債主要包括短期借款、應付票據(jù)、應付賬款、預收賬款、應付職工薪酬、應付股利、應付利息、應交稅費、其他暫收應付款項和一年內(nèi)到期的短期借款等。

      長期負債比率是什么意思?

      長期負債比率又稱“資本化比率”,是從總體上判斷企業(yè)債務狀況的一個指標,它是長期負債與資產(chǎn)總額的比率。資產(chǎn)總額是負債與股東權益之和。

      負債是什么意思?

      負債,是指企業(yè)過去的交易或者事項形成的,預期會導致經(jīng)濟利益流出企業(yè)的現(xiàn)時義務。除了符合基本定義外,還要同時滿足兩個條件:

      1、與該義務有關的經(jīng)濟利益很可能流出企業(yè);

      2、未來流出的經(jīng)濟利益的金額能夠可靠的計量。

      負債具有以下特征:

      1、負債是企業(yè)承擔的現(xiàn)時義務;

      2、負債的清償預期會導致經(jīng)濟利益流出企業(yè);

      3、負債是由過去的交易或事項形成的;

      4、負債以法律、有關制度條例或合同契約的承諾作為依據(jù);

      5、流出的經(jīng)濟利益的金額能夠可靠的計量;

      6、負債有確切的債權人和償還日期,或者債權人和償還日期可以合理加以估計。

    展開全文
    文章ACCA(AB)科目知識點精講:SOPL與SOFP
    2021-01-19 14:27:44 15745 瀏覽

      相信各位ACCA考生在平時的做題以及上課過程中都已經(jīng)接觸到了與SOPL和SOFP相關的一些知識。SOPL和SOFP都是ACCA(AB)科目中比較重點的內(nèi)容,今天會計網(wǎng)給大家整理了與SOFP和SOPL相聯(lián)系的知識點。

    ACCA(AB)科目知識點精講

      SOFP介紹

      首先我們來看一下資產(chǎn)負債表。它的英文名稱叫做Statement of financial position, 簡稱SOFP。曾用名是Balance sheet,簡稱B/S。資產(chǎn)負債表其強調(diào)的是時點的概念,也就是at a particular date。它看的是截止到這個時間點上的asset、liability以及equity的狀況是怎樣的。

      所謂的資產(chǎn)負債表觀指的是 Asset=Liability+Equity。

      Asset分為Non current asset 和Current asset。Non current asset是指不能在1年或者超過1年的1個營業(yè)周期內(nèi)變現(xiàn)或者耗用的資產(chǎn)。典型的Non current asset有:Property, plant and equipment; Current asset是指企業(yè)可以在1年或者超過1年的1個營業(yè)周期內(nèi)變現(xiàn)或者運用的資產(chǎn)。常見的Current asset有:Inventory; Trade receivables; Cash and cash equivalents. Share capital以及Retained earning是屬于Equity中的。

      Liability也是分為Non current liability和Current liability的。Non current liability非流動負債又稱為長期負債。是指償還期在1年以上的債務。比如:Long-term borrowing; Current liability流動負債是指在1年或者1年以內(nèi)的1個營業(yè)周期內(nèi)償還的債務。比如:Trade payable; Short term borrowing.

      站在AB科目的角度上,對于資產(chǎn)負債表這里,我們還涉及一個公式:Working capital營運資本=current asset-current liability

      SOPL介紹

      接下來,我們再來看下利潤表。它的英文名稱叫做Statement of profit or loss 簡稱SOPL。它也可以叫做 income statement, 它是反映企業(yè)在一定時期內(nèi)(月份、年度) 經(jīng)營成果(利潤或虧損) 的報表。

      在學習AB科目的時候,我們也要簡單的知道哪些是屬于SOPL中的。

      比如 Revenue/sales/turnover; Cost of sales; Gross profit; Expense......這些都是屬于SOPL中的。所以考試的時候一定要判斷出來,哪些是屬于SOFP,哪些是屬于SOPL的。

      相信大家在做題的時候也發(fā)現(xiàn)了,有的題目會說高估期末存貨對profit有什么影響?這是由于一個公式得來的。

      Opening inventory + purchase - cost of sales = Closing inventory

      如果高估期末存貨,那么就相當于低估了cost of sales。那么根據(jù)SOPL的格式。Revenue-cost of sales=gross profit,所以低估cost of sales就相當于高估了profit。所以才是高估期末存貨相當于高估了gross profit。

      好啦,本期的知識點就到這里結束了,我們下期再見。

      來源:ACCA學習幫

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    文章2024年cfa一級考綱匯總!詳細內(nèi)容變化速看!
    2024-03-04 16:36:47 253 瀏覽

      2024年cfa一級考綱匯總!詳細內(nèi)容變化速看!考綱是CFA考試知識點的概括。今天,小編將2024年CFA一級新考綱新增和調(diào)改的內(nèi)容進行了梳理總結詳細更新內(nèi)容變化速看!

    cfa一級考綱

      Quantitative Methods

      1)Learning Module 1 Rates and Returns

      2)Learning Module 2 Time Value of Money in Finance

      3)Learning Module 3 Statistical Measures of Asset Returns

      4)Learning Module 4 Probability Trees and Conditional Expectations

      5)Learning Module 5 Portfolio Mathematics

      6)Learning Module 6 Simulation Methods

      7)Learning Module 7 Estimation and Inference

      8)Learning Module 8 Hypothesis Testing

      9)Learning Module 9 Parametric and Non Parametric Tests of Independence

      10)Learning Module 10 Simple Linear Regression

      11)Learning Module 11 Introduction to Big Data Techniques

      解讀:2024年的數(shù)量內(nèi)容有重大調(diào)整!

      1)將原來的7章內(nèi)容拆分成11章。

      2)新增第1章Rates and Returns。

      3)2024年的第2章Time Value of Money in Finance與2023年的第1章The Time Value of Money有一定類似之處,但刪減了大量內(nèi)容。

      4)2023年的第2章Organizing,Visualizing,and Describing Data予以刪除。

      5)2024年新增第11章Introduction to Big Data Techniques。

      6)其它章節(jié)名稱更新,大部分知識點2023考綱中均有涉獵,但2024年考綱要求發(fā)生一定變化和調(diào)整。

      Economics

      1)Learning Module 1 The Firm and Market Structures

      2)Learning Module 2 Understanding Business Cycles

      3)Learning Module 3 Fiscal Policy

      4)Learning Module 4 Monetary Policy

      5)Learning Module 5 Introduction to Geopolitics

      6)Learning Module 6 International Trade

      7)Learning Module 7 Capital Flows and the FX Market

      8)Learning Module 8 Exchange Rate Calculations

      解讀:2024年的經(jīng)濟學內(nèi)容有重大調(diào)整!

      1)2023年的第1章Topics in Demand and Supply Analysis被刪除

      2)2023年的第3章Aggregate Output,Prices,and Economic Growth被刪除

      3)2024年相比2023年保留的章節(jié)考綱要求也發(fā)生了調(diào)整,多數(shù)為考綱的刪減

      4)2024年的第8章Exchange Rate Calculations只保留了匯率計算相關內(nèi)容,定性相關知識點均被刪除。

      Portfolio Management

      1)Portfolio Risk and Return:PartⅠ

      2)Portfolio Risk and Return:PartⅡ

      3)Portfolio management overview

      4)Basic of Portfolio Planning and Construction

      5)The Behavioral Biases of Individuals

      6)Introduction to Risk Management

      解讀:2024年的組合內(nèi)容有重大調(diào)整!

      1)2023年的第7章Technical Analysis被刪除

      2)2023年的第8章Fintech in Investment Management被刪除

      3)Portfolio management overview由原來的Module 1調(diào)整為Module 3。

      Corporate Issuers

      1)Organizational Forms,Corporate Issuer Features,and Ownership

      2)Investors and Other Stakeholders

      3)Corporate Governance:Conflicts,Mechanisms,Risks,and Benefits

      4)Working Capital&Liquidity

      5)Capital Investments and Capital Allocation

      6)Capital Structure

      7)Business Models

      解讀:2024年的企業(yè)發(fā)行人內(nèi)容變動較大!

      1)2023年的原有的第8章Measures of Leverage被刪除

      2)其余章節(jié)名稱、順序變化,考綱要求也發(fā)生了重大調(diào)整。

      Financial Statement Analysis

      1)Learning Module 1 Introduction to Financial Statement Analysis

      2)Learning Module 2 Analyzing Income Statements Learning Module 3 Analyzing Balance Sheets

      3)Learning Module 4 Analyzing Statements of Cash Flows I

      4)Learning Module 5 Analyzing Statements of Cash Flows II

      5)Learning Module 6 Analysis of Inventories

      6)Learning Module 7 Analysis of Long-Term Assets Learning Module 8 Topics in Long-Term Liabilities and Equity

      7)Learning Module 9 Analysis of Income Taxes

      8)Learning Module 10 Financial Reporting Quality Learning Module 11 Financial Analysis Techniques

      9)Learning Module 12 Introduction to Financial Statement Modeling

      解讀:2024年的財報內(nèi)容變動較大,除新增第12章外,刪除兩個章節(jié),拆分一個章節(jié),保留章節(jié)考綱要求也發(fā)生一定調(diào)整。

      1)刪除原有的Module 2和Module 12,新增第12章Introduction to Financial Statement Modeling;

      2)Learning Module 5 Understanding Cash Flow Statements拆分為兩個章節(jié)Analyzing Statements of Cash Flows I和Analyzing Statements of Cash Flows II;

      3)Learning Module 6 Financial Analysis Techniques調(diào)整為Module 11

      4)保留的章節(jié)名稱發(fā)生變化,考綱要求也發(fā)生了較大變化。

      Equity Investments

      1)Market Organization and Structure

      2)Security Market Indexes

      3)Market Efficiency

      4)Overview of Equity Securities

      5)Company Analysis:Past and Present

      6)Industry and Competitive Analysis

      7)Company Analysis:Forecasting

      8)Equity Valuation:Concept and Basic Tool

      解讀:2024年的權益內(nèi)容變動主要為新增,新增第5和7章外,其余章節(jié)的順序做了調(diào)整,內(nèi)容無重大變更。

      Fixed Income

      1)Fixed-Income Instrument Features

      2)Fixed-Income Cash Flows and Types

      3)Fixed-Income Issuance and Trading

      4)Fixed-Income Markets for Corporate Issuers

      5)Fixed-Income Markets for Government Issuers

      6)Fixed-Income Bond Valuation:Prices and Yields Yield and Yield Spread Measures for Fixed-Rate Bonds

      7)Yield and Yield Spread Measures for Floating-Rate Instruments

      8)The Term Structure of Interest Rates:Spot,Par,and Forward Curves

      9)Interest Rate Risk and Return

      10)Yield-Based Bond Duration Measures and Properties

      11)Yield-Based Bond Convexity and Portfolio Properties

      12)Curve-Based and Empirical Fixed-Income Risk Measures

      13)Credit Risk

      14)Credit Analysis for Government Issuers

      15)Credit Analysis for Corporate Issuers

      16)Fixed-Income Securitization

      17)Asset-Backed Security(ABS)Instrument and Market Features

      18)Mortgage-Backed Security(MBS)Instrument and Market Features

      解讀:2024年的固收將原來的6章內(nèi)容拆分成19章,變化幅度較大,知識點做了細化拆分和調(diào)整。

      Alternative Investments

      1)Alternative Investment Features,Methods,and Structures

      2)Alternative Investment Performance and Returns Investments in Private Capital:Equity and Debt

      3)Real Estate and Infrastructure

      4)Natural Resources

      5)Hedge Funds

      6)Introduction to Digital Assets

      解讀:2024年的另類將原來的3章內(nèi)容變化為7章,知識點做了細化處理,除新增第7章外,其余內(nèi)容主要為原有章節(jié)拆分。


    展開全文
    文章長期負債審計目標是什么
    2022-12-29 17:32:07 636 瀏覽

      長期負債審計目標,以長期借款的審計目標為例進行說明,長期借款的審計目標一般包括以下五點內(nèi)容,具體如下:

    長期負債審計目標是什么

    長期負債審計目標

     ?、俅_定資產(chǎn)負債表中記錄的長期借款是否存在;

     ?、诖_定所有應當記錄的長期借款是否均已記錄;

     ?、鄞_定記錄的長期借款是否為被審計單位應當履行的現(xiàn)時義務;

     ?、艽_定長期借款是否以恰當?shù)慕痤~包括在財務報表中,與之相關的計價調(diào)整是否已恰當記錄;

     ?、荽_定長期借款是否已按照企業(yè)會計準則的規(guī)定在財務報表中作出恰當列報。

    長期負債審計解釋

      長期負債審計是指對長期借款、應付債券、長期應付款等的審查。長期負債是指償還期在一年或超過一年的一個營業(yè)周期以上的債務。

    長期負債審計內(nèi)容

      仍以長期借款審計內(nèi)容為例進行說明:

      1.長期借款及其業(yè)務的真實性、合法性審查

     ?。?)需對長期借款及利息費用明細匯總表與長期借款總賬、明細賬、會計報表相核對。

     ?。?)檢查借款合同、有關批文及其他有關借款的資料,看企業(yè)借款的審批手續(xù)是否齊全。

     ?。?)對余額較大或內(nèi)部控制較弱的長期借款進行函證,驗證其余額是否真實。

     ?。?)檢查長期借款賬面記錄和原始憑證,驗證會計記錄的正確性。

     ?。?)審查長期借款的抵扣和擔保情況,看其手續(xù)是否齊全,抵押和擔保是否符合要求,應注意審查抵押資產(chǎn)是否存在,其所有權是否為企業(yè)所有,提供擔保的擔保人是否符合法定要求等。

      2.審查長期借款用途審查

      首先,審查企業(yè)是否按借款用途使用借款,有無亂拉、亂用或?qū)⒔杩钸`規(guī)高息轉(zhuǎn)借其他企業(yè),牟取非法利益的情況;

      其次,審查企業(yè)使用借入資金所獲收益能否償還借款本息并有盈余,借款使用中有無重大損失。

      3.審查長期借款利息支出和有關費用及外幣匯兌差額的計算和會計處理是否正確。

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    文章ACCA(F3)考點解析:合并報表
    2021-08-10 13:54:30 1398 瀏覽

      在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)3階段涉及了不少跟財務工作相關的考點,其中就包括有資產(chǎn)負債表等內(nèi)容,今天,會計網(wǎng)就跟大家著重講解“Consolidated statement of financial position”這個考點。

    ACCA(F3)考點解析

      固定資產(chǎn):

      直接相加,母公司賬上的investment in subsidiary與子公司的share capital和share premium抵消產(chǎn)生goodwill和NCI。

      流動資產(chǎn):

      直接相加,唯一需要調(diào)整的就是當出現(xiàn)內(nèi)部交易而產(chǎn)生未實現(xiàn)利潤的時候,inventory要調(diào)減unrealized profit,內(nèi)部有未結帳款的時候,要調(diào)減receivable(和payable)(working6)

      Equity:

      share capital 和share premium只體現(xiàn)母公司的,retained earnings和NCI都可以從working得到

      長期負債:直接相加

      短期負債:直接相加,注意內(nèi)部交易的未結款項

      一張完整的報表就可以完成啦。

      Assets

      Non-current assets

      PPE(母公司+子公司)

      Investment in subsidiary--->0

      Goodwill(w3)

      Current assets

      Inventory(母公司+子公司-unrealized profit)

      Receivable(母公司+子公司-intro-balance)

      Cash(母公司+子公司)

      Equity

      Share capital (母公司)

      Share premium(母公司)

      Retained earnings(w5)

      Non-controlling interests(w4)

      Revaluation reserve(母公司+share of S’s post acquisition revaluation surplus)

      Non-current liabilities(母公司+子公司)

      Current liabilities

      Traded payables(母公司+子公司-intro-balance)

      Interest payable(母公司+子公司)

      Tax payable(母公司+子公司)

      Total equity and liabilities

      來源:ACCA學習幫

    展開全文
    文章ACCA重要考點解析:如何設計審計程序?
    2020-10-16 14:43:26 767 瀏覽

      眾所周知,ACCA涉及的學科比較多,知識點涵蓋范圍也比較廣,也很容易使得考生們將各知識點和遺忘。今天,會計網(wǎng)繼續(xù)為大家介紹ACCA另一個重難點:audit evidence(審計證據(jù)),大家可以適當做一下筆記加深印象。

    ACCA重要考點解析

      首先審計證據(jù)要滿足兩個條件:

      sufficient(充足的)& appropriateness(恰當?shù)?

      Sufficient指的是數(shù)量(quantity)上要充足,appropriateness指的是質(zhì)量(quality)上要過關。

      那么首先我們來看一下審計師都可以通過哪些audit procedures(審計程序)來獲取審計證據(jù)。

      01、Audit procedures(審計程序)的分類:

      ? Tests of controls (控制測試)

      Tests of controls are audit procedures designed to evaluate the operating effectiveness of controls in preventing, or detecting and correcting, material misstatements at the assertion level.控制測試指的是為了評估被審計單位內(nèi)部控制的有效性而設計實施的審計程序,其中有效的內(nèi)控指的是能夠及時的預防或者發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正認定層次重大錯報的內(nèi)控。

      ? Substantive procedures(實質(zhì)性程序)

      Substantive procedures are audit procedures designed todetect material misstatements at the assertion level.實質(zhì)性程序是指審計師為了發(fā)現(xiàn)認定層次的重大錯報而設計實施的審計程序。

      02、Substantive procedures 分類:

      ? Analytical procedures (實質(zhì)性分析程序)

      Analytical procedures as substantive procedures tend to be appropriate for large volumes of predictable transactions.實質(zhì)性分析程序更適用于分析一些交易量大的交易或事項并獲取審計證據(jù),比如與薪酬相關的科目。

      ? Tests of detail (細節(jié)測試)

      Tests of detail may be appropriate to gain information about account balances.細節(jié)測試更適用于獲取科目余額相關的審計證據(jù),如存貨或應收賬款。

      以上就是對于audit procedures的分類,這個知識點需要同學能夠熟練的理解并掌握,因為會貫穿到后面整個AA科目的學習哦。

      同時,有一個小的知識點也需要大家注意(敲黑板)↓↓↓

      03、知識點注意

      考試過程中題目會考察考生對Tests of detail的描述,請注意寫答案的時候一定要是完整的答案,我們先來看一下下面的三句話:

      a. Check sales invoices

      b. Inspect the amount from a sample of sales invoices

      c. Inspect the amount from a sample of sales invoices to ensure the accuracy of sales transaction

      以上三個表述不難看出C是表達的最完整的,這個也是考試的時候?qū)τ趖ests of detail表達的要求,需要具體寫出要做什么行為以及該行為的目的是什么,兩者都點到才有滿分~

      為了方便大家理解,再給大家看幾句完整的tests of detail的表達句式:

      ? Inspection of contract amount to ensure the accuracy of the amounts recorded in the financial statements

      ? Physical inspection of non-current assets to ensure their existence, such as warehouse and equipment.

      Agree long term liabilities to the relevant loan agreement to ensure it's right and obligation

      以上就是今天分享的AA知識點內(nèi)容,同學們要掌握好audit procedures的分類、每一個程序的定義、以及tests of detail的表達。我們下期再見~

      本文為ACCA學習幫原創(chuàng)文章,獨家版權歸于本平臺,受到原創(chuàng)保護。任何渠道的轉(zhuǎn)載請后臺留言聯(lián)系授權,侵權必究。

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    文章總負債是什么意思
    2022-06-19 16:20:41 3082 瀏覽

      總負債是指企業(yè)承擔并需要償還的全部債務,包括流動負債和長期負債、遞延稅項等。負債實質(zhì)上指的是企業(yè)在一定時期之后必須償還的經(jīng)濟債務。

    總負債

      總負債的定義

      總負債是指企業(yè)承擔并需要償還的全部債務,英文名稱為Total liabilities,包括流動負債和長期負債、遞延稅項等。

      負債是什么意思

      負債是指企業(yè)過去的交易或者事項形成的,預期會導致經(jīng)濟利益流出企業(yè)的現(xiàn)時義務。

      負債的特征

      負債具有以下特征:

      1、負債是企業(yè)承擔的現(xiàn)時義務;

      2、負債的清償預期會導致經(jīng)濟利益流出企業(yè);

      3、負債是由過去的交易或事項形成的;

      4、負債以法律、有關制度條例或合同契約的承諾作為依據(jù);

      5、流出的經(jīng)濟利益的金額能夠可靠的計量;

      6、負債有確切的債權人和償還日期,或者債權人和償還日期可以合理加以估計。

      負債的基本分類

      負債一般按其償還速度或償還時間的長短劃分為長期負債和流動負債

      1、長期負債是指償還期在1年或超過1年的一個營業(yè)周期以上的債務,包括長期借款、應付債券、長期應付款等;

      2、流動負債是指將在1年或超過1年的一個營業(yè)周期內(nèi)償還的債務,主要包括短期借款、應付票據(jù)、應付賬款、預收貨款、應付職工薪酬、應交稅費、應付利潤、其他應付款、預提費用等。

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    文章公司長期負債是非流動負債嗎?
    2021-02-23 00:16:42 1189 瀏覽

      長期負債是償還期在一年以上的債務,比如長期借款、應付債券等,在會計實務中長期負債是非流動負債嗎?

    長期負債

      長期負債是不是非流動負債?

      長期負債是非流動負債,非流動負債又稱為長期負債。是指償還期在一年以上的債務。非流動負債主要是企業(yè)為籌集長期投資項目所需資金而發(fā)生的,比如企業(yè)為購買大型設備而向銀行借入的中長期貸款。

      長期負債分類

      1、根據(jù)籌集方式,可分為長期借款、公司債券、住房基金和長期應付款等;

      2、按不同的償還方式,可分為定期償還的長期負債和分期償還的長期負債;

      3、按債務是否有抵押,分為抵押長期負債,沒有抵押品的稱為信用借款。

      長期負債包括哪些科目?

      長期負債包括長期借款、應付債券、長期應付款、專項應付款、預計負債、遞延所得稅負債、其他非流動負債等科目。

      長期負債和非流動負債的區(qū)別

      1、非流動負債包括長期借款、應付債券、長期應付款、專項應付款、預計負債、遞延所得稅負債和其他非流動負債。

      2、長期負債一般為到期日在一年以上的各種融資借款,如長期借款、應付債券、長期應付款等。一般而言,除了還款期長之外、長期負債還有金額較大、利息較高等特性。

      3、非流動負債包括長期負債,長期負債屬于非流動負債。

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    文章長期負債和短期負債包括什么科目?
    2020-11-13 21:28:22 3044 瀏覽

      長期負債可以理解為償還期在一年以上的債務,短期負債一般要求在一年以內(nèi)償還,長期負債和短期負債具體包括哪些會計科目?

    長期負債

      長期負債和短期負債主要包括哪些科目?

      長期負債項目包括:長期借款,應付債券,長期應付款,其他長期負債。

      短期負債項目包括:短期借款,應付賬款,預收賬款,應付職工薪酬,應交稅費,應付股利,其他應付款,其他應交款等。

      長期負債和短期負債如何理解?

      長期負債是指償還期在一年或一個營業(yè)周期以上的債務,主要有長期借款、應付債券、長期應付款等。

      長期負債與流動負債相比,具有數(shù)額較大、償還期限較長的特點。因此,舉借長期負債往往附有一定的條件,如需要企業(yè)指定某項資產(chǎn)作為還款的擔保品,要求企業(yè)指定擔保人。設置償債基金等,以保護債權人經(jīng)濟利益。

      長期負債可按不同的標志進行分類。

      (1)根據(jù)籌集方式,可分為長期借款、公司債券、住房基金和長期應付款等;

      (2)按不同的償還方式,可分為定期償還的長期負債和分期償還的長期負債;

      (3)按債務是否有抵押,分為抵押長期負債,沒有抵押品的稱為信用借款。

      短期負債是企業(yè)籌資的重要來源之一。對于投資項目來說,其部分資金來源可通過短期負債獲得。如部分流動資產(chǎn)投資可以通過舉借短期債務的方式籌集;項目實施過程中的某些短期需要也可以利用短期資金作為來源。當企業(yè)作為其他企業(yè)的中短期資金的債權人時,它也可以相應地按需要去籌借短期資金。短期債務一般要求在一年以內(nèi)償還,主要通過商業(yè)信用或銀行信用兩種渠道取得。

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    文章Finance for Non-financial Executives
    2023-08-31 16:43:27 353 瀏覽

    課程背景

      CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?

      As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.

    Finance for \nNon-financial Executives

      Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.

    課程收益

      Breakthrough the language of finance

      Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations

      Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals

      Mastering forecasting techniques

      Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures

      Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions

      Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants

      Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks

    課程對象

      General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers

      Vice President and Top Executives in all respective

      Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers

      Sales&Marketing Managers

      Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers

      Investment Professionals

      Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance

    課程大綱

    Finance Fundamental

    Management Application

      -Introduction to the Course

      -The role of the finance function

      -Working with the finance teams

      -How companies succeed on finance?

      -Accounting InformationThe Language of Business

      -What is financial accounting?

      -Why Financial Accounting is necessary?

      -Some process,terminology and concepts

      -Learn how financial data is generated and reported

      -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements

      -Managers and Financial Statements

      -The concept of shareholder value

      -Demystifying Financial Statements

      -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L

      -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division

      -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet

      -Cost of goods sold

      -The accrual concept and timing adjustments

      -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation

      -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective

      -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow

      -The shortcomings of accounting

      -Implications of Revenue Recognition

      -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement

      -Analysis of Financial StatementWhere do you find useful information?

      -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information

      -Locate and use sources of information about business performance

      -How accounting information assists in decision making

      -Linking decisions to financial metrics

      -How to increase ROCE

      -Profitability ratios

      -Economic Value Added(EVA TM)

      -Financial Decision Making

      -Profitability,liquidity ratios

      -Managing working capital

      -Financial Leverage

      -Debt ratios

      -Measuring business risk

      -Cash management

      -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company

      -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed companys annual report

      -Accounting Creates Value

      -Functions of management accounting

      -Management accounting compared to financial accounting

      -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form

      -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered

      -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps

      -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems

     

      -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory

      -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process

      -Understanding the different steps involved in the process

      -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance

      -The cost information for pricing and product planning

      -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach

      -Customers:an outside in pricing

      -Competitors:predict their price

      -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods

      -Case Study

      -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King!

      -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool

      -EBITDA,free cash flows

      -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow

      -Establishing cash flow forecasts

      -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR

      -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics

      -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal

      -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined

      -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances

      -Approaches to valuation

      -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More?

      -An introduction to capital markets

      -Different forms of financing(long term,short term)

      -Debt versus Equity

      -Gearing and beta factors

      -Capital Asset Pricing Models

      -Tax shields

      -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks

      -An Overview of the M&A market in China

      -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers

      -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer

      -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers

      -Understanding the execution gap

      -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap

      -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition

    想了解最新詳細課程大綱及資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流咨詢領取。

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    文章中級會計考點--長期股權投資
    2024-08-23 10:08:01 191 瀏覽

    長期股權投資(Long-term investment on stocks)是指通過投資取得被投資單位的股份。企業(yè)對其他單位的股權投資,通常視為長期持有,以及通過股權投資達到控制被投資單位,或?qū)Ρ煌顿Y單位施加重大影響,或為了與被投資單位建立密切關系,以分散經(jīng)營風險。

    中級會計考點\n長期股權投資

    特點

    一、長期持有

    長期股權投資目的是為長期持有被投資單位的股份,成為被投資單位的股東,并通過所持有的股份,對被投資單位實施控制或施加重大影響,或為了改善和鞏固貿(mào)易關系,或持有不易變現(xiàn)的長期股權投資等。

    二、利險并存

    獲取經(jīng)濟利益,并承擔相應的風險。

    長期股權投資的最終目標是為了獲得較大的經(jīng)濟利益,這種經(jīng)濟利益可以通過分得利潤或股利獲取,也可以通過其他方式取得,如被投資單位生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品為投資企業(yè)生產(chǎn)所需的原材料,在市場上這種原材料的價格波動較大,且不能保證供應。在這種情況下,投資企業(yè)通過所持股份,達到控制或?qū)Ρ煌顿Y單位施加重大影響,使其生產(chǎn)所需的原材料能夠直接從被投資單位取得,而且價格比較穩(wěn)定,保證其生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營的順利進行。但是,如果被投資單位經(jīng)營狀況不佳,或者進行破產(chǎn)清算時,投資企業(yè)作為股東,也需要承擔相應的投資損失。

    三、禁止出售

    除股票投資外,長期股權投資通常不能隨時出售。

    投資企業(yè)一旦成為被投資單位的股東,依所持股份份額享有股東的權利并承擔相應的義務,一般情況下不能隨意抽回投資。

    四、風險較大

    長期股權投資相對于長期債權投資而言,投資風險較大

    在中國,長期股權投資的取得方式主要有:

    1.企業(yè)合并形成的長期股權投資,應區(qū)分企業(yè)合并的類型,分別同一控制下控股合并和非同一控制下控股合并確定形成長期股權投資的成本。

    2.以支付現(xiàn)金取得的長期股權投資,應當按照實際支付的購買價款作為長期股權投資的初始投資成本,包括購買過程中支付的手續(xù)費等必要支出。

    3.以發(fā)行權益性證券方式取得的長期股權投資,其成本為所發(fā)行權益性證券的公允價值。

    4.投資者投入的長期股權投資,應當按照投資合同或協(xié)議約定的價值作為初始投資成本,但合同或協(xié)議約定價值不公允的除外。

    5.以非貨幣性資產(chǎn)交換、債務重組等方式取得的長期股權投資。


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    文章初級會計重要考點:長期負債科目有哪些?
    2020-03-19 14:11:10 519 瀏覽

      學習初級會計的時候,考生都會接觸到長期借款及短期借款相關內(nèi)容,其又涉及到一個長期負債科目的問題。這也是初級會計考試的重要考點,那么長期負債科目有哪些呢?下面快跟著會計網(wǎng)小編一起來看看吧!

    初級會計重要考點:長期負債科目有哪些

      長期負債科目有哪些?

      答:長期負債科目包括了長期借款、長期應付款、預計負債、 遞延所得稅負債、專項應付款、應付債券及其他非流動負債等。

      長期負債含義:長期負債指的是非流動負債,這一內(nèi)容屬于會計分錄。簡單來說,其指的是債務已超過1年期限。

      流動負債包括:短期借款、應付賬款、 預收賬款、應付股利、 應付利息、 應交稅費、應付票據(jù)、 應付職工薪酬及其他應付款項等等。

      長期負債特點是什么?

      1、長期負債能夠償還的基本前提為企業(yè)短期償債能力相對較強。即,長期償債能力的基礎就是短期償債。

      2、長期負債數(shù)額比較大,本金償還方面有著積累過程的體現(xiàn)。企業(yè)長期償債能力往往與獲利能力息息相關。因為所企業(yè)所反映的現(xiàn)金凈流入就是真實的報告收益。

      3、由于企業(yè)長期負債數(shù)據(jù)的具體大小與企業(yè)資本結構合理性有所關聯(lián),因此,長期債務需從償債及資本結構合理性這兩個角度來考慮。

      4、常見長期負債為長期借款、住房基金、公司債券等。

      會計網(wǎng)總結:長期負債,其實也就是非流動負債,具備了數(shù)額大、償還期長等特點。其科目可參考以上,各位考生都掌握了長期負債的內(nèi)容了嗎?

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