CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?
As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.
Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.
Breakthrough the language of finance
Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations
Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals
Mastering forecasting techniques
Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures
Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions
Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants
Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks
General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers
Vice President and Top Executives in all respective
Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers
Sales&Marketing Managers
Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers
Investment Professionals
Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance
Finance Fundamental | Management Application |
-Introduction to the Course -The role of the finance function -Working with the finance teams -How companies succeed on finance? -Accounting Information—The Language of Business -What is financial accounting? -Why Financial Accounting is necessary? -Some process,terminology and concepts -Learn how financial data is generated and reported -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements -Managers and Financial Statements -The concept of shareholder value -Demystifying Financial Statements -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet -Cost of goods sold -The accrual concept and timing adjustments -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow -The shortcomings of accounting -Implications of Revenue Recognition -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement -Analysis of Financial Statement—Where do you find useful information? -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information -Locate and use sources of information about business performance -How accounting information assists in decision making -Linking decisions to financial metrics -How to increase ROCE -Profitability ratios -Economic Value Added(EVA TM) -Financial Decision Making -Profitability,liquidity ratios -Managing working capital -Financial Leverage -Debt ratios -Measuring business risk -Cash management -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed company’s annual report -Accounting Creates Value -Functions of management accounting -Management accounting compared to financial accounting -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems
| -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process -Understanding the different steps involved in the process -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance -The cost information for pricing and product planning -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach -Customers:an outside in pricing -Competitors:predict their price -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods -Case Study -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King! -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool -EBITDA,free cash flows -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow -Establishing cash flow forecasts -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances -Approaches to valuation -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More? -An introduction to capital markets -Different forms of financing(long term,short term) -Debt versus Equity -Gearing and beta factors -Capital Asset Pricing Models -Tax shields -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks -An Overview of the M&A market in China -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the execution gap -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition |
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。
Great changes will take place in 2012 for IFRS,in this critical year,what key milestones can help you to ensure you will be well prepared for filing your first interim IFRS financial statements 2011 will be discussed in this training.
In the context of increasing global usage of IFRS and expected convergence of PRC GAAP with IFRS over the coming years,we will discuss both the current differences between PRC GAAP and IFRS as well as highlighting some of the developments in IFRS that are currently under discussion.This training is appropriate for both the novice in IFRS financial reporting who needs to be up-to-date quickly,and the veteran financial professional who is looking for a refresher course which including current issues and projects.In this course we will highlight IFRS VS PRC GAAP with details to help you on applying these two standards into your real business.
Understanding that accounting standards are not just a matter for specialists
Cementing your knowledge of IFRS with hands-on case studies and examples
Recognizing and going beyond the difference between IFRS and Chinese GAAP
Technical analysis and discussion on the latest strategic updates and future direction of IFRS
Implementing IFRS accounting for assets,liabilities and owners equity
Revisiting basic concepts such as lease accounting,impairment,fair value,revenue recognition,contingencies,financial instruments,business combinations…
Providing recent updates and their consequences including IFRS for small and medium-sized entities
Guidance on the challenges to face when first time adoption or implementing new/or some specific standards
CFO/CEO/CIO
Finance Director/Manager/Controller
Auditing Manager
Accounting Manager
Investment/Financial/Equity Analysts
Day 1
A.Introduction to IFRS
-Latest Developments at the IASB
-Convergence with US GAAP
-Convergence with Chinese GAAP
-IFRS–a principle based framework of accounting
-Summary of IFRS 2009-2011 updates
-IFRS and fair value considerations,IFRS 13 Fair value measurement
B.Assets
-Current assets,IAS 2 Inventories/CAS 1 Inventories
-Tangible fixed assets,IAS 16 Property,Plant and Equipment/CAS 4 Property,Plant and Equipment
-Current update of lease accounting,IAS 17 Leases;ED/2010/9 Leases/CAS 21 Leasing
-Intangible assets–intellectual property and development costs,IAS 38 Intangible assets/CAS 6 Intangible assets
-Borrowing costs,IAS 23 Borrowing costs/CAS 17 Borrowing costs
-Impairment,IAS 36 Impairment of assets/CAS 8 Impairment of assets
C.Liabilities
-Contingencies,IAS 37 Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets/CAS,13 Contingencies
-Retirement benefits,IAS 19 Employee Benefits/CAS 9 Employee Benefits
-Update of financial instruments and hedge accounting,IFRS 7 Financial Instruments:Disclosures/CAS 37 Financial,Instruments:Presentation and Disclosures,IFRS 9 Financial Instruments/CAS 12 Debt restructuring;CAS 22 Financial Instruments:Recognition and Measurement,CAS 23 Transfer of Financial Assets;CAS 24 Hedging
D.Income and expenditure
-Revenue recognition,IAS 11 Construction contracts/CAS 15 Construction contracts,IAS 18 Revenue;ED/2010/6 Revenue from contracts with,customers/CAS 14 Revenue
-Taxes,IAS 12 Income Taxes/CAS 18 Income Taxes
-Other Income statement topics,IAS 20 Accounting for Government grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance/CAS 16 Government Grants,IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates/CAS 19 Foreign Currency Translation,IFRS 2 Shared-based Payment/CAS 11 Share-based payment,IFRS 8 Operating Segments/CAS 35 Segmental Reporting
Day 2
E.Consolidation and business combinations
-What constitutes a business combinations,IFRS 3 Business combinations/CAS 20 Business combinations
-Inclusion of investments with differing levels of control,IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements/CAS 33,Consolidated financial statements,IFRS 11 Joint arrangements/CAS 2 Long term equity investments,IFRS 12 Disclosure of interest in other entities
F.Financial statements and first time adoption
-Disclosure requirements,IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements/CAS 30 Presentation of financial statements,IAS 7 Statements of cash-flows/CAS 31 Cash flow statements,IAS 8 Accounting policies,changes in accounting estimates and errors/CAS 28 Changes in accounting policies and estimates and correction of errors,IAS 10 Events after the reporting
period/CAS 29 Events after the balance sheet date,IAS 24 Related party disclosures/CAS 36 Related party disclosures,IAS 33 Earnings per share/CAS 34 Earnings per share,IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting/CAS 32 Interim financial reporting,IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
-First time application issues,IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards/CAS 38 First Time Adoption of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises
G.Summary of ASBE/CAS/IFRS differences
-Recap the differences between old and new Chinese GAAP with IFRS
H.IFRS for SMEs(Small and Medium Sized Enterprises)
-To whom does it apply?
-Differences Between“Full”IFRS and“IFRS for SMEs”
想了解詳細(xì)課程資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流。
2023年3月acca考試將于3月6-10日舉行,準(zhǔn)考證在考前2-3周就已經(jīng)開始打印。打印時(shí)要求A4紙打印,確保準(zhǔn)考證上的信息清晰可見,若單面打印,另一面不可有內(nèi)容。
考生在打印準(zhǔn)考證時(shí)需要仔細(xì)核對(duì)準(zhǔn)考證信息,認(rèn)真檢查一下準(zhǔn)考證信息與報(bào)考信息是否一致。如出現(xiàn)不符情況,可聯(lián)系A(chǔ)CCA官方工作人員進(jìn)行修改,但通常最終信息需以準(zhǔn)考證信息為準(zhǔn)。
入口一:
1、進(jìn)入官網(wǎng):www.accaglobal.com/en.html,登錄myACCA。
2、在左側(cè)導(dǎo)航欄中點(diǎn)擊“Dashboard”(用移動(dòng)設(shè)備登錄,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊左上角的“Menu”)。
3、在注意的事項(xiàng)里,將會(huì)看到下載準(zhǔn)考證的提示(里面有下載的鏈接)。
入口二:
考生可以登錄myACCA,在“Documents and downloads”里找到準(zhǔn)考證。
1、登錄ACCA賬號(hào),輸入您的賬號(hào)和密碼。
2、登錄后點(diǎn)擊左側(cè)“Documents&downloads”,再點(diǎn)擊“Docket”。
3、在第一列選擇學(xué)習(xí)方式,根據(jù)個(gè)人情況進(jìn)行選擇。
?面授請(qǐng)選擇“Full time-face to face”或“Part time-face to face”
?網(wǎng)課請(qǐng)選擇“Online learning”
?自學(xué)請(qǐng)選擇“Self-study”
?“Blended learning”和“Revision course”一般不選擇
注意:第二列“country”默認(rèn)為中國,不進(jìn)行更改;第三列“l(fā)earning Provider”中選擇授課機(jī)構(gòu),下拉找到“Rongyue”。
4、點(diǎn)擊“Save&Confirm”后,會(huì)生成PDF版本的準(zhǔn)考證,直接打印即可。
請(qǐng)務(wù)必仔細(xì)查看準(zhǔn)考證上的個(gè)人信息,是否和報(bào)名時(shí)所用的身份證信息一致,各科具體考試時(shí)間、考試場(chǎng)次及地點(diǎn)請(qǐng)以準(zhǔn)考證為準(zhǔn)!如果報(bào)名情況發(fā)生改變,請(qǐng)打印最新的準(zhǔn)考證并以此為準(zhǔn)。
如果發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)考證上不顯示照片,在更換瀏覽器無果的情況下,需要以郵件的方式與ACCA官方聯(lián)系,郵件內(nèi)容寫明學(xué)員姓名、ACCA注冊(cè)號(hào)、出生年月日及說明,附件內(nèi)需要上傳本人的近期二寸彩照。
2020年已經(jīng)正式開啟,在新的一年各類考試也都將會(huì)重新進(jìn)行。對(duì)于正在備考初級(jí)管理會(huì)計(jì)師考試的考生有沒有遇到什么新問題?如何提高自己的備考效率,哪些方面值得要注意?下面一起來看看吧。
一、報(bào)名網(wǎng)課,高效學(xué)習(xí)
在疫情期間,為了減少傳染風(fēng)險(xiǎn),學(xué)生們只能選擇待在家里學(xué)習(xí)。為了不影響學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度,全國各地都推行了網(wǎng)絡(luò)授課這種教學(xué)方式,而作為正在備考初級(jí)管理會(huì)計(jì)師考試的考生,同樣也可以使用這種方式來提高自己的學(xué)習(xí)效率,跟著老師的思路去學(xué)習(xí),總比在家自學(xué)的方式要高效,通過每天網(wǎng)課老師的一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)講解,可以達(dá)到查缺補(bǔ)漏的成效。
二、認(rèn)真閱讀教材
常言道“萬變不離其宗”,同樣初級(jí)管理會(huì)計(jì)師考試的題目考點(diǎn)基本上都離不開教材里面的知識(shí)點(diǎn),也就是說,只要你能夠把教材里的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容吃透,那么你離通關(guān)考試的目標(biāo)就不遠(yuǎn)了。在閱讀教材方面,也是比較有講究的,在學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的同時(shí),考生們一定要善于進(jìn)行橫向比較,找出各知識(shí)點(diǎn)的異同點(diǎn),這樣才能更進(jìn)一步提高自己的備考效率。
三、考前調(diào)整心態(tài)
為了保證考試當(dāng)天能夠好的狀態(tài),擁有充足的自信心是必備的前提條件。特別是考前的一天千萬不能給自己太大壓力,做題方面,一切都以簡(jiǎn)單習(xí)題練練手感為主。如果壓力實(shí)在過大,可以通過看窗外風(fēng)景分散注意力、聽聽輕音樂等方式來放松心情,總之,用最飽滿的狀態(tài)去參加考試,自然會(huì)考出一個(gè)自己理想的成績(jī)。
2020年中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)成績(jī)公布后,2021年中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)職稱備考工作馬上又要開始了,相信各位考生心里都會(huì)非常迷茫,不知道如何開展學(xué)習(xí)工作,對(duì)此,會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)為大家推薦一份備考攻略,希望有所幫助。
1、邊做題邊總結(jié)
要想對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)鞏固,做題鞏固是沒有錯(cuò),不過大家在做題過程中也需要注意多進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納,不能盲目光進(jìn)行做題。尤其對(duì)于錯(cuò)題,必須要標(biāo)記好,并且找清楚自己出錯(cuò)的問題所在,清晰知道自己的不足,從中吸取相應(yīng)教訓(xùn),不要再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。
2、重視歷年真題
不要以為歷年的考試真題都已經(jīng)考過了,就不會(huì)再出現(xiàn)在明年的中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)考試?yán)?,其?shí)真題是最有參考價(jià)值的訓(xùn)練習(xí)題,并且真題也是最符合中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)出題標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的習(xí)題,通過對(duì)真題的練習(xí),可以大大掌握到中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)命題規(guī)律、答題技巧、出題特點(diǎn)等,為此可以使自己進(jìn)一步掌握所學(xué)內(nèi)容,對(duì)于考試提高分?jǐn)?shù)有非常大的幫助。
3、模擬考題同樣重要
真題與模擬題其實(shí)有一定的區(qū)別,真題與模擬考題是同樣重要,在閱讀完教材后,考生也需要通過做不同的模擬題才能進(jìn)一步得到鞏固。在做完模擬題后,考生可以查看答案解析進(jìn)行慢慢消化,通過答案當(dāng)中的考點(diǎn)做到舉一反三,對(duì)知識(shí)考點(diǎn)融會(huì)貫通,這樣才能有所進(jìn)步。
4、規(guī)劃備考時(shí)間
在開展2021年中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)備考工作前,考生需要做的就是合理安排好各科目的學(xué)習(xí)備考時(shí)間,比如每天每個(gè)時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)哪一科內(nèi)容,什么時(shí)候做哪些習(xí)題等都需要制定好規(guī)劃,有目的、有計(jì)劃開展備考工作,學(xué)習(xí)效率才能提高上來。
由于中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)職稱考試受到工作年限的報(bào)考條件限制,因此報(bào)名參加中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)考試的考生,基本上都是上班族人士。而這類考上因?yàn)槊鎸?duì)工作、家庭、學(xué)習(xí)等諸多方面因素影響,也大大影響了大家的備考效率,而對(duì)于上班族考生,在備考中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)時(shí)需要注意些什么?
1、如何提高記憶力?
隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),自己的記憶力難免會(huì)有所減弱,作為上班族人士,掌握好科學(xué)的記憶方法尤為重要。大家在備考時(shí),不妨抓準(zhǔn)自己記憶力最強(qiáng)的時(shí)間段進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),比如在睡覺前,可以重溫當(dāng)天所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,構(gòu)建好框架,第二天起來也不至于說容易忘記。
其次,對(duì)于記憶力差的考生,也可以試試不斷地循環(huán)重復(fù)性學(xué)習(xí),就是對(duì)重點(diǎn)章節(jié)內(nèi)容,不斷反復(fù)進(jìn)行記憶,第二天重復(fù)昨天的內(nèi)容、第三天重復(fù)第二天所學(xué)的內(nèi)容.......以此類推,將知識(shí)鞏固好。
2、專注力不足怎么辦?
在受到工作上、生活上、家庭上等因素沖擊下,在學(xué)習(xí)中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)時(shí),難免會(huì)出現(xiàn)疲憊不堪、專注力不足的情況,因此考生們需要找到比較有針對(duì)性的方法進(jìn)行解決。
比如,在生活上、家庭上可以與家人分擔(dān)一些重?fù)?dān),在備考中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)期間,學(xué)會(huì)放棄比較瑣碎的事情,確保自己能夠全身心投入到中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)習(xí)中,并且不受外界的干擾。
3、30歲后還能適合報(bào)考中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)嗎?
不少人因?yàn)榭紤]到自己年齡比較大,會(huì)覺得已經(jīng)不適宜報(bào)考中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)了,其實(shí)這種想法是錯(cuò)誤的。中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)職稱并無任何年齡限制,只要有學(xué)習(xí)的沖勁,年齡并不是阻礙大家學(xué)習(xí)的問題,對(duì)于高齡考生,可以根據(jù)自身情況來制定適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方案,只要能堅(jiān)持,通關(guān)考試的幾率還是很大的。
4、工作比較忙如何做到高效學(xué)習(xí)?
對(duì)于上班工作比較忙的,沒有太多時(shí)間來安排學(xué)習(xí)的考生,可以通過平時(shí)上班的零碎時(shí)間,比如中午午休時(shí)間、上下班時(shí)間,整理出時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)。另外,報(bào)名網(wǎng)課也是節(jié)省中級(jí)會(huì)計(jì)備考時(shí)間的好方法,通過老師指導(dǎo),也大大提高了學(xué)習(xí)效率。
應(yīng)付票據(jù)屬于負(fù)債類科目,借貸方向是借減貸增,借方登記償還的應(yīng)付票據(jù)的面值;貸方登記登記企業(yè)開出的應(yīng)付票據(jù)的面值。期末貸方余額表示企業(yè)尚未償還的應(yīng)付票據(jù)的面值。
同時(shí),企業(yè)還應(yīng)設(shè)置應(yīng)付票據(jù)備查簿,詳細(xì)登記每一應(yīng)付票據(jù)的種類、號(hào)數(shù)、簽發(fā)日期、到期日、票面金額、合同交易號(hào)、收款人的姓名或單位名稱,以及付款日期和金額等資料。應(yīng)付票據(jù)到期付清后,應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)在備查簿中逐筆注銷。
應(yīng)付票據(jù)核算什么內(nèi)容
應(yīng)付票據(jù)科目核算企業(yè)購買材料、商品和接受勞務(wù)供應(yīng)等開出、承兌的商業(yè)匯票,包括銀行承兌匯票和商業(yè)承兌匯票,該科目可按債權(quán)人進(jìn)行明細(xì)核算。
應(yīng)付票據(jù)會(huì)計(jì)分錄
1、采購開出商業(yè)匯票:
借:材料采購、在途物資、原材料、庫存商品等
應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額)
貸:應(yīng)付票據(jù)
2、開出銀行承兌匯票支付給銀行的手續(xù)費(fèi):
借:財(cái)務(wù)費(fèi)用
應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額)
貸:銀行存款
3、到期支付票款:
借:應(yīng)付票據(jù)
貸:銀行存款
4、轉(zhuǎn)銷應(yīng)付票據(jù):
?。?)商業(yè)承兌匯票到期無力償還票款的分錄:
借:應(yīng)付票據(jù)
貸:應(yīng)付賬款
?。?)銀行承兌匯票到期無力償還票款的分錄:
借:應(yīng)付票據(jù)
貸:短期借款
值得注意的是:
1、會(huì)計(jì)人員在核算“應(yīng)付票據(jù)”時(shí),應(yīng)按票面金額入賬。
2、企業(yè)支付銀行承兌匯票手續(xù)費(fèi)時(shí),屬于購買增值稅應(yīng)稅服務(wù),取得增值稅專用發(fā)票的,應(yīng)當(dāng)確認(rèn)增值稅進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額。
應(yīng)付票據(jù)的理解
應(yīng)付票據(jù)是指企業(yè)在商品購銷活動(dòng)和對(duì)工程價(jià)款進(jìn)行結(jié)算因采用商業(yè)匯票結(jié)算方式而發(fā)生的,由出票人出票,委托付款人在指定日期無條件支付確定的金額給收款人或者持票人的票據(jù)。
對(duì)應(yīng)付票據(jù)作簡(jiǎn)單理解:應(yīng)付票據(jù)是指由出票人出票,并由承兌人允諾在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)支付一定款項(xiàng)的書面證明。
大家在備考ACCA時(shí)候,經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到“present value”這個(gè)考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,大家也無法分清什么時(shí)候查復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,什么時(shí)候查年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,針對(duì)大家所出現(xiàn)的問題,會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)今天就跟各位講解下“present value”這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。
01、常見PV模型以及解決方法
特點(diǎn):
1. 期初有一筆現(xiàn)金流流出(期初默認(rèn)T=0時(shí)刻,現(xiàn)金流流出一般是指investment)
2. 從第一年開始,每年都有一筆現(xiàn)金流流入
3. 現(xiàn)金流流入發(fā)生在每年的期末
每筆現(xiàn)金流入金額不等,單筆現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)問題
1.每筆現(xiàn)金流通過復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)分別折現(xiàn)=現(xiàn)金流*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在present value table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為對(duì)應(yīng)現(xiàn)金流到T=0時(shí)刻的年限
3.NPV=每筆現(xiàn)金流的現(xiàn)值之和-期初投資額
當(dāng)每筆現(xiàn)金流入都相等且現(xiàn)金流入的年份是有限年份時(shí),年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)將所有年金往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在annuity table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為年金數(shù)量,有幾筆年金,n就為幾
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)-期初投資額
當(dāng)每筆現(xiàn)金流都相等,但是現(xiàn)金流入的年份是無限年份(forever),永續(xù)年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過公式把永續(xù)年金全部往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r
2.r是折現(xiàn)率
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r-期初投資額
02、題目
接下來,分別給三個(gè)題目讓大家練習(xí)一下:
例1:An investment of $20,000 is expected to yield $5,000 in the first year, $10,000 in the second year, $8,000 in the third year. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%
NPV=5000*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,1)+10000*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,2)+8000*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,3)-20000
=5000^0.952+10000^0.907+8000^0.864-20000=$742
例2:An investment of $50,000 is expected to yield $5,000 for ten years. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%.NPV=50000*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,10)-50000
=5000^7.722-50000
=-$11390
例3:An investment of $50,000 is expected to yield $5,000 per annum in perprtuity. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%.NPV=5000/5%-50000 =$50000
以上,就是針對(duì)present value中三種常見問題的總結(jié),希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
溢價(jià)發(fā)行債券時(shí)通過應(yīng)付債券——面值、應(yīng)付債券——利息調(diào)整會(huì)計(jì)科目來進(jìn)行核算,具體的溢價(jià)發(fā)行債券分錄如下:
溢價(jià)發(fā)行債券會(huì)計(jì)分錄:
借:銀行存款(實(shí)際收到的金額)
貸:應(yīng)付債券——面值
應(yīng)付債券——利息調(diào)整
折價(jià)發(fā)行債券會(huì)計(jì)分錄:
借:銀行存款(實(shí)際收到的金額)
應(yīng)付債券——利息調(diào)整
貸:應(yīng)付債券——面值
債券溢價(jià)是債券價(jià)格大于票面價(jià)值的差額。溢價(jià)可以理解為企業(yè)以后各期多付利息,而事先發(fā)行方自己得到的補(bǔ)償。
債券是一種有價(jià)證券,是社會(huì)各類經(jīng)濟(jì)主體為籌集資金而向債券投資者出具的、承諾定期支付利息并到期償還本金的債權(quán)債務(wù)憑證。債券的發(fā)行主體可以是政府(或政府機(jī)構(gòu))、非金融企業(yè)、金融機(jī)構(gòu),還可以是國際組織。
優(yōu)點(diǎn):溢價(jià)發(fā)行是債券發(fā)行的一種價(jià)格選擇。優(yōu)點(diǎn)是它不僅讓發(fā)行者獲得按票面金額計(jì)算的資金,而且給發(fā)行者帶來額外的溢價(jià)收入,甚至使發(fā)行收入大于到期按面值償還的本金支出,增加了發(fā)行收入,為發(fā)行者提供了在不增加債券發(fā)行數(shù)量的條件下獲取更多資金的途徑。但是,它要求發(fā)行者信用較高,同時(shí),溢價(jià)發(fā)行債券利率較高,發(fā)行者到期償還時(shí)將支付較高的利息。
缺點(diǎn):高溢價(jià)可以使企業(yè)以極小的代價(jià)獲得巨額資金,致使企業(yè)為了上市不惜搞過度包裝,弄虛作假。高溢價(jià)使股票的價(jià)格與公司業(yè)績(jī)嚴(yán)重脫離,導(dǎo)致我國股市市盈率過高,泡沫過大。高溢價(jià)發(fā)行股票使投資成本過高,投資回報(bào)過低,導(dǎo)致投資者只重視博取差價(jià),不重視分紅,使股市變成一個(gè)投機(jī)取巧的市。高溢價(jià)造成社會(huì)流通股與國有股的同股不同價(jià),而且價(jià)差過大是國有股減持的最主要障礙。高溢價(jià)使A股與B股、H股投資成本差別過大,導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的利益侵占問題。
在ACCA考試中,“present value”每年基本上作為一個(gè)??键c(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在試卷里,在學(xué)習(xí)present value時(shí),很多同學(xué)不知道什么時(shí)候查復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,什么時(shí)候查年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,對(duì)此,會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)今天就跟大家詳細(xì)解析這個(gè)高頻考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。
常見PV模型以及解決方法
特點(diǎn)
1. 期初有一筆現(xiàn)金流流出(期初默認(rèn)T=0時(shí)刻,現(xiàn)金流流出一般是指investment)
2. 從第一年開始,每年都有一筆現(xiàn)金流流入
3. 現(xiàn)金流流入發(fā)生在每年的期末
單筆現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)問題
1.每筆現(xiàn)金流通過復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)分別折現(xiàn)=現(xiàn)金流*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在present value table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為對(duì)應(yīng)現(xiàn)金流到T=0時(shí)刻的年限
3.NPV=每筆現(xiàn)金流的現(xiàn)值之和-期初投資額
年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)將所有年金往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在annuity table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為年金數(shù)量,有幾筆年金,n就為幾
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)-期初投資額
永續(xù)年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過公式把永續(xù)年金全部往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r
2.r是折現(xiàn)率
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r-期初投資額
題目練習(xí)
例1:An investment of $20,000 is expected to yield $5,000 in the first year, $10,000 in the second year, $8,000 in the third year. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%
NPV=5000*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,1)+10000*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,2)+8000*復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,3)-20000
=5000^0.952+10000^0.907+8000^0.864-20000
=$742
例2:An investment of $50,000 is expected to yield $5,000 for ten years. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%.NPV=50000*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,10)-50000
=5000^7.722-50000
=-$11390
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
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Lean Introduction
Five Principles of Lean Thinking
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Box Score
The Structure of Box Score
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Value Stream Management
The importance and helpfulness of value streams
A standard method for determining the value stream flows
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Group Work:Design a value stream structure for a company making values and manifolds
Lean Performance Measurements
Lean measurements‘Starter Set’
‘Lean Performance Measurement Linkage Chart’
Changing‘command&control’management style to a lean management style
Value Stream Accounting
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Collecting information of summary,direct value stream revenue and cost
Creating a‘Plain English’income statement
Exercise
Value Steam Capacity
Value steam map
Capacity model
Value stream capacity usage and analysis
Exercise
Decision Making
Box Score decision-making templates
Effective decision making
Exercise
Transaction Elimination
Identifying and eliminating the wasteful transactions
Transaction Elimination Maturity Path Matrix
Lean Accounting‘Footprint’Chart–current&future state
Documenting the changes
Exercise
Box Score in an Administrative Process
Box Score for monitoring and improving the process
Radical improvement in an account payable process
Implementation of Basic Lean Accounting
Approach to the implementation of basic lean accounting
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流。
在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)R考試科目?jī)傻缊?bào)表題依舊是ACCA重難點(diǎn)題目,即使考生通過聽課、做題進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),但還是有很多人理解不了這考點(diǎn)知識(shí)。對(duì)此,會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)今天就為大家著重詳細(xì)講解一下關(guān)于合并報(bào)表Goodwill的計(jì)算問題。
考點(diǎn)一:Fair value of consideration
指的是母公司為了收購子公司所有要付出的consideration(對(duì)價(jià))的公允價(jià)值,而consideration在FR考試中出現(xiàn)過五種形式,一般來說一道題中會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩到三種。
1. 以cash的形式收購。
這種情況下cash的數(shù)額直接作為fair value of consideration 。
2. 以shares的形式收購。
要注意的是,母公司用來收購子公司的shares不是已有的,而是新增發(fā)出來的,很多考題中會(huì)說“the share exchange has not been recorded”, 意思是需要考生自己在最后的報(bào)表中加上這新增的股票帶來的share capital 和share premium.
3. 以debts的形式收購。
母公司向子公司的原股東免費(fèi)發(fā)行debts以此來收購其手中的股票。
4. 以deferred consideration的形式收購。
deferred consideration(遞延對(duì)價(jià))需注意的問題是要做折現(xiàn)。
5. 以contingent consideration 的形式收購。
這一類對(duì)價(jià)處理起來非常簡(jiǎn)單,題目會(huì)告訴你一個(gè)Fair value,考生直接使用即可。
注意:所有的對(duì)價(jià)都是母公司給子公司原股東的,因此這些對(duì)價(jià)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在子公司的報(bào)表上。
我們來看一道歷年真題:
“On 1 October 2012, Paradigm acquired 75% of Strata’s equity shares by means of a share exchange of two new shares in Paradigm for every five acquired shares in Strata. In addition, Paradigm issued to the shareholders of Strata a $100 10% loan note for every 1,000 shares it acquired in Strata. Paradigm has not recorded any of the purchase consideration, although it does have other 10% loan notes already in issue. The market value of Paradigm’s shares at 1 October 2012 was $2 each.”
計(jì)算一下Fair value of consideration。
寫成分錄:
Dr Investment in Subsidiary 13,500
Cr Share capital 6,000
Share premium 6,000
Loan note 1,500
考點(diǎn)二:Fair value of Non-controlling interest
FR考試中Fair value of Non-controlling interest出現(xiàn)過三種考試形式:
1.題目直接告訴Fair value;
2.要求考生按照NCI所持有的股票數(shù)量乘以股價(jià)計(jì)算;
3.要求考生按照NCI占子公司Net asset(凈資產(chǎn))的比例來計(jì)算。
(其中考官表示在大題中不考查第3種形式。)
考點(diǎn)三:Fair value of Net asset of Subsidiary
第一步,確定Carrying amount of Net asset, 也就是Carrying amount of Equity。
Equity的構(gòu)成部分主要有Share capital/Retained earnings/Revaluation surplus…看題目具體科目。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,我們需要的數(shù)字一定都是在acquisition date(收購日)。
第二步,找出子公司凈資產(chǎn)的Fair value 和Carrying amount 的差異并調(diào)整。
一般題目會(huì)直接告訴Fair value超過或者低于Carrying amount多少。
在一些特殊題目中,子公司可能會(huì)被新確認(rèn)某個(gè)資產(chǎn)或者負(fù)債,從而影響其Fair value。
來看這道歷年真題
“At the date of acquisition, the fair values of Greca’s assets were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of two items:
– An item of plant had a fair value of $1·8 million above its carrying amount. The remaining life of the plant at the date of acquisition was three years. Depreciation is charged to cost of sales.
– Greca had a contingent liability which Viagem estimated to have a fair value of $450,000. This has not changed as at 30 September 2012.
Greca has not incorporated these fair value changes into its financial statements.”
計(jì)算一下Fair value adjustment:
好了,梳理完這三個(gè)考點(diǎn),你能解鎖Goodwill了嗎,趕快自己練習(xí)起來吧!
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
CFA申請(qǐng)證書需要描述工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),以下舉例說明,僅供參考:
CFA工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)描述
示例1
符合要求的描述:
I prepare financial models based on reviewed information,analyze fundamentals,and value acquisition targets to provide recommendations to the investment committee.
滿足了哪些條件:
1.申請(qǐng)人描述了該職位所進(jìn)行的獨(dú)立的分析工作。
2.該工作的產(chǎn)出為財(cái)務(wù)模型以及投資建議,可以影響投資決策。
示例2
不符合要求的描述:
My work focuses on successfully managing key relationships with end-clients relating to a new Know Your Client(KYC)initiative.
不足之處:
申請(qǐng)人需要更詳細(xì)地描述自己的工作內(nèi)容?,F(xiàn)在的描述無法清楚地了解該職位會(huì)進(jìn)行哪些獨(dú)立的分析工作,也沒有闡明自己的工作成果如何對(duì)投資決策產(chǎn)生影響。
潤(rùn)色后的描述:
I develop and maintain strong working relationships with clients and communicate investment performance and strategy.I provide advice on a wide and diverse range of investment solutions customized to best meet the financial needs of those clients after thoroughly assessing financial fundamentals,reviewing business risk profile,and doing stress testing on cash flows.
CFA申請(qǐng)證書要求
1、通過CFA考試
CFA考試分為三個(gè)等級(jí),考生需要全部通過CFA三個(gè)等級(jí)的考試,才算“通過CFA考試”
2、獲得合格的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)
CFA考生還需要獲得至少4000個(gè)小時(shí)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),并且需要在36個(gè)月內(nèi)完成,合格的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)需與投資決策的過程或者是為投資決策過程提供信息或增加價(jià)值的工作有關(guān),考生通過全職、兼職或遠(yuǎn)程的工作安排獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)均可。
3、提交推薦信
考生還需要提交2-3封推薦信,推薦人需要在信中介紹申請(qǐng)人的職業(yè)性格、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)等。
4、申請(qǐng)成為特許持有者
具備了CFA證書申請(qǐng)資格的考生,還需要向CFA協(xié)會(huì)提交成為特許持有者的申請(qǐng),一旦個(gè)人提交的特許持有者申請(qǐng)通過,則代表個(gè)人具有了特許持證的資格。
CFA證書含金量
1、鞏固基礎(chǔ),提升個(gè)人能力
相信大家心里都很清楚,CFA考試是有一定難度的,縱觀往年的考試情況,CFA考試通過率一直不太理想,由于CFA內(nèi)容所涵蓋的專業(yè)知識(shí)比較多,范圍廣,所以才導(dǎo)致考試通過率低的情況出現(xiàn)。不過,只要你成功通過了CFA考試,你就會(huì)擁有比較扎實(shí)的金融財(cái)務(wù)專業(yè)知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)功底,無論是職場(chǎng)還是工作方面都帶來非常大的幫助。
2、加薪
報(bào)考特許金融分析師CFA可是一件高回報(bào)率的事情,除了上述的幾點(diǎn)好處外,最重要的一點(diǎn)就是能夠提升大家的加薪機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)行業(yè)市場(chǎng)調(diào)查,CFA證書持有人其薪資普遍都非常高,CFA證書持有人對(duì)比非持證者,其薪資足足高出了50%的水平,簡(jiǎn)單來說幾乎是漲了一般的工資,可見,CFA證書除了高含金量外,也是一張非常高回報(bào)率的證書。
由于ACCA考試涉及的科目比較多,很多知識(shí)點(diǎn)是讓考生們難以理解的,為了使大家高效備考,今天會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)就跟各位詳細(xì)講解,關(guān)于PM科目高頻考點(diǎn)之目標(biāo)成本法內(nèi)容。
目標(biāo)成本法介紹
在學(xué)習(xí)PM科目的目標(biāo)成本法之前,我們需要了解一下這種方法的理念和意義,它是為了幫助企業(yè)的管理者更好的做成本控制,并且以顧客能夠接受的價(jià)格,提供更好的商品和服務(wù),顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的加成定價(jià)法。
那么這種方法到底是如何操作的呢?目標(biāo)成本法是一個(gè)市場(chǎng)導(dǎo)向的成本方法。
它認(rèn)為如果一家企業(yè)只是把自己關(guān)在屋子里,閉門造車,然后在發(fā)生的成本上加上一個(gè)自己想要的利潤(rùn),就想產(chǎn)品被顧客很好的接受,在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,這是很難的。
企業(yè)不能只是被動(dòng)的希望顧客提出他們的需求,而是要科學(xué)的預(yù)測(cè)顧客的需要,并進(jìn)行充分的市場(chǎng)調(diào)研。
不像傳統(tǒng)方法那樣,成本加上期望的利潤(rùn)就計(jì)算出銷售價(jià)格(如下圖1),目標(biāo)成本法先通過充分的市場(chǎng)調(diào)研確定銷售價(jià)格和銷售量,然后減去期望實(shí)現(xiàn)的利潤(rùn),最終得到目標(biāo)成本(如下圖2)。
圖1
圖2
接著拿現(xiàn)時(shí)成本對(duì)比目標(biāo)成本,若現(xiàn)時(shí)成本比目標(biāo)成本高的話,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)成本鴻溝cost gap。
綜上所述,可以用兩個(gè)公式來表示:
Target cost=Selling price-desired profit margin
Cost gap=Estimated cost-Target cost
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)成本鴻溝時(shí),企業(yè)就需要尋找方法去縮小這個(gè)鴻溝了。那么會(huì)有哪些方法呢?
補(bǔ)充:
1) Improve productivity (Automation)
2) Eliminate non-value added activities (cost value, market value, use value, esteem value)
3) Simply the design without influence quality
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫