由于中級會計職稱考試受到工作年限的報考條件限制,因此報名參加中級會計考試的考生,基本上都是上班族人士。而這類考上因為面對工作、家庭、學習等諸多方面因素影響,也大大影響了大家的備考效率,而對于上班族考生,在備考中級會計時需要注意些什么?
1、如何提高記憶力?
隨著年齡的增長,自己的記憶力難免會有所減弱,作為上班族人士,掌握好科學的記憶方法尤為重要。大家在備考時,不妨抓準自己記憶力最強的時間段進行學習,比如在睡覺前,可以重溫當天所學的內(nèi)容,構建好框架,第二天起來也不至于說容易忘記。
其次,對于記憶力差的考生,也可以試試不斷地循環(huán)重復性學習,就是對重點章節(jié)內(nèi)容,不斷反復進行記憶,第二天重復昨天的內(nèi)容、第三天重復第二天所學的內(nèi)容.......以此類推,將知識鞏固好。
2、專注力不足怎么辦?
在受到工作上、生活上、家庭上等因素沖擊下,在學習中級會計時,難免會出現(xiàn)疲憊不堪、專注力不足的情況,因此考生們需要找到比較有針對性的方法進行解決。
比如,在生活上、家庭上可以與家人分擔一些重擔,在備考中級會計期間,學會放棄比較瑣碎的事情,確保自己能夠全身心投入到中級會計學習中,并且不受外界的干擾。
3、30歲后還能適合報考中級會計嗎?
不少人因為考慮到自己年齡比較大,會覺得已經(jīng)不適宜報考中級會計了,其實這種想法是錯誤的。中級會計職稱并無任何年齡限制,只要有學習的沖勁,年齡并不是阻礙大家學習的問題,對于高齡考生,可以根據(jù)自身情況來制定適合自己的學習方案,只要能堅持,通關考試的幾率還是很大的。
4、工作比較忙如何做到高效學習?
對于上班工作比較忙的,沒有太多時間來安排學習的考生,可以通過平時上班的零碎時間,比如中午午休時間、上下班時間,整理出時間來學習。另外,報名網(wǎng)課也是節(jié)省中級會計備考時間的好方法,通過老師指導,也大大提高了學習效率。
2020年中級會計成績公布后,2021年中級會計職稱備考工作馬上又要開始了,相信各位考生心里都會非常迷茫,不知道如何開展學習工作,對此,會計網(wǎng)為大家推薦一份備考攻略,希望有所幫助。
1、邊做題邊總結
要想對所學知識鞏固,做題鞏固是沒有錯,不過大家在做題過程中也需要注意多進行總結和歸納,不能盲目光進行做題。尤其對于錯題,必須要標記好,并且找清楚自己出錯的問題所在,清晰知道自己的不足,從中吸取相應教訓,不要再犯同樣的錯誤。
2、重視歷年真題
不要以為歷年的考試真題都已經(jīng)考過了,就不會再出現(xiàn)在明年的中級會計考試里,其實真題是最有參考價值的訓練習題,并且真題也是最符合中級會計出題標準的習題,通過對真題的練習,可以大大掌握到中級會計命題規(guī)律、答題技巧、出題特點等,為此可以使自己進一步掌握所學內(nèi)容,對于考試提高分數(shù)有非常大的幫助。
3、模擬考題同樣重要
真題與模擬題其實有一定的區(qū)別,真題與模擬考題是同樣重要,在閱讀完教材后,考生也需要通過做不同的模擬題才能進一步得到鞏固。在做完模擬題后,考生可以查看答案解析進行慢慢消化,通過答案當中的考點做到舉一反三,對知識考點融會貫通,這樣才能有所進步。
4、規(guī)劃備考時間
在開展2021年中級會計備考工作前,考生需要做的就是合理安排好各科目的學習備考時間,比如每天每個時間學習哪一科內(nèi)容,什么時候做哪些習題等都需要制定好規(guī)劃,有目的、有計劃開展備考工作,學習效率才能提高上來。
在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)R考試科目兩道報表題依舊是ACCA重難點題目,即使考生通過聽課、做題進行學習,但還是有很多人理解不了這考點知識。對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就為大家著重詳細講解一下關于合并報表Goodwill的計算問題。
考點一:Fair value of consideration
指的是母公司為了收購子公司所有要付出的consideration(對價)的公允價值,而consideration在FR考試中出現(xiàn)過五種形式,一般來說一道題中會出現(xiàn)兩到三種。
1. 以cash的形式收購。
這種情況下cash的數(shù)額直接作為fair value of consideration 。
2. 以shares的形式收購。
要注意的是,母公司用來收購子公司的shares不是已有的,而是新增發(fā)出來的,很多考題中會說“the share exchange has not been recorded”, 意思是需要考生自己在最后的報表中加上這新增的股票帶來的share capital 和share premium.
3. 以debts的形式收購。
母公司向子公司的原股東免費發(fā)行debts以此來收購其手中的股票。
4. 以deferred consideration的形式收購。
deferred consideration(遞延對價)需注意的問題是要做折現(xiàn)。
5. 以contingent consideration 的形式收購。
這一類對價處理起來非常簡單,題目會告訴你一個Fair value,考生直接使用即可。
注意:所有的對價都是母公司給子公司原股東的,因此這些對價不會出現(xiàn)在子公司的報表上。
我們來看一道歷年真題:
“On 1 October 2012, Paradigm acquired 75% of Strata’s equity shares by means of a share exchange of two new shares in Paradigm for every five acquired shares in Strata. In addition, Paradigm issued to the shareholders of Strata a $100 10% loan note for every 1,000 shares it acquired in Strata. Paradigm has not recorded any of the purchase consideration, although it does have other 10% loan notes already in issue. The market value of Paradigm’s shares at 1 October 2012 was $2 each.”
計算一下Fair value of consideration。
寫成分錄:
Dr Investment in Subsidiary 13,500
Cr Share capital 6,000
Share premium 6,000
Loan note 1,500
考點二:Fair value of Non-controlling interest
FR考試中Fair value of Non-controlling interest出現(xiàn)過三種考試形式:
1.題目直接告訴Fair value;
2.要求考生按照NCI所持有的股票數(shù)量乘以股價計算;
3.要求考生按照NCI占子公司Net asset(凈資產(chǎn))的比例來計算。
(其中考官表示在大題中不考查第3種形式。)
考點三:Fair value of Net asset of Subsidiary
第一步,確定Carrying amount of Net asset, 也就是Carrying amount of Equity。
Equity的構成部分主要有Share capital/Retained earnings/Revaluation surplus…看題目具體科目。需要強調(diào)的是,我們需要的數(shù)字一定都是在acquisition date(收購日)。
第二步,找出子公司凈資產(chǎn)的Fair value 和Carrying amount 的差異并調(diào)整。
一般題目會直接告訴Fair value超過或者低于Carrying amount多少。
在一些特殊題目中,子公司可能會被新確認某個資產(chǎn)或者負債,從而影響其Fair value。
來看這道歷年真題
“At the date of acquisition, the fair values of Greca’s assets were equal to their carrying amounts with the exception of two items:
– An item of plant had a fair value of $1·8 million above its carrying amount. The remaining life of the plant at the date of acquisition was three years. Depreciation is charged to cost of sales.
– Greca had a contingent liability which Viagem estimated to have a fair value of $450,000. This has not changed as at 30 September 2012.
Greca has not incorporated these fair value changes into its financial statements.”
計算一下Fair value adjustment:
好了,梳理完這三個考點,你能解鎖Goodwill了嗎,趕快自己練習起來吧!
來源:ACCA學習幫
大家在備考ACCA時候,經(jīng)常會遇到“present value”這個考點內(nèi)容,大家也無法分清什么時候查復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,什么時候查年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,針對大家所出現(xiàn)的問題,會計網(wǎng)今天就跟各位講解下“present value”這個知識點。
01、常見PV模型以及解決方法
特點:
1. 期初有一筆現(xiàn)金流流出(期初默認T=0時刻,現(xiàn)金流流出一般是指investment)
2. 從第一年開始,每年都有一筆現(xiàn)金流流入
3. 現(xiàn)金流流入發(fā)生在每年的期末
每筆現(xiàn)金流入金額不等,單筆現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)問題
1.每筆現(xiàn)金流通過復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)分別折現(xiàn)=現(xiàn)金流*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在present value table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為對應現(xiàn)金流到T=0時刻的年限
3.NPV=每筆現(xiàn)金流的現(xiàn)值之和-期初投資額
當每筆現(xiàn)金流入都相等且現(xiàn)金流入的年份是有限年份時,年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)將所有年金往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在annuity table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為年金數(shù)量,有幾筆年金,n就為幾
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)-期初投資額
當每筆現(xiàn)金流都相等,但是現(xiàn)金流入的年份是無限年份(forever),永續(xù)年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過公式把永續(xù)年金全部往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r
2.r是折現(xiàn)率
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r-期初投資額
02、題目
接下來,分別給三個題目讓大家練習一下:
例1:An investment of $20,000 is expected to yield $5,000 in the first year, $10,000 in the second year, $8,000 in the third year. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%
NPV=5000*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,1)+10000*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,2)+8000*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,3)-20000
=5000^0.952+10000^0.907+8000^0.864-20000=$742
例2:An investment of $50,000 is expected to yield $5,000 for ten years. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%.NPV=50000*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,10)-50000
=5000^7.722-50000
=-$11390
例3:An investment of $50,000 is expected to yield $5,000 per annum in perprtuity. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%.NPV=5000/5%-50000 =$50000
以上,就是針對present value中三種常見問題的總結,希望對大家有所幫助。
來源:ACCA學習幫
由于ACCA考試涉及的科目比較多,很多知識點是讓考生們難以理解的,為了使大家高效備考,今天會計網(wǎng)就跟各位詳細講解,關于PM科目高頻考點之目標成本法內(nèi)容。
目標成本法介紹
在學習PM科目的目標成本法之前,我們需要了解一下這種方法的理念和意義,它是為了幫助企業(yè)的管理者更好的做成本控制,并且以顧客能夠接受的價格,提供更好的商品和服務,顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的加成定價法。
那么這種方法到底是如何操作的呢?目標成本法是一個市場導向的成本方法。
它認為如果一家企業(yè)只是把自己關在屋子里,閉門造車,然后在發(fā)生的成本上加上一個自己想要的利潤,就想產(chǎn)品被顧客很好的接受,在激烈的市場競爭中,這是很難的。
企業(yè)不能只是被動的希望顧客提出他們的需求,而是要科學的預測顧客的需要,并進行充分的市場調(diào)研。
不像傳統(tǒng)方法那樣,成本加上期望的利潤就計算出銷售價格(如下圖1),目標成本法先通過充分的市場調(diào)研確定銷售價格和銷售量,然后減去期望實現(xiàn)的利潤,最終得到目標成本(如下圖2)。
圖1
圖2
接著拿現(xiàn)時成本對比目標成本,若現(xiàn)時成本比目標成本高的話,就會出現(xiàn)成本鴻溝cost gap。
綜上所述,可以用兩個公式來表示:
Target cost=Selling price-desired profit margin
Cost gap=Estimated cost-Target cost
當出現(xiàn)成本鴻溝時,企業(yè)就需要尋找方法去縮小這個鴻溝了。那么會有哪些方法呢?
補充:
1) Improve productivity (Automation)
2) Eliminate non-value added activities (cost value, market value, use value, esteem value)
3) Simply the design without influence quality
來源:ACCA學習幫
在ACCA考試中,“present value”每年基本上作為一個??键c出現(xiàn)在試卷里,在學習present value時,很多同學不知道什么時候查復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,什么時候查年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就跟大家詳細解析這個高頻考點內(nèi)容。
常見PV模型以及解決方法
特點
1. 期初有一筆現(xiàn)金流流出(期初默認T=0時刻,現(xiàn)金流流出一般是指investment)
2. 從第一年開始,每年都有一筆現(xiàn)金流流入
3. 現(xiàn)金流流入發(fā)生在每年的期末
單筆現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)問題
1.每筆現(xiàn)金流通過復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)分別折現(xiàn)=現(xiàn)金流*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在present value table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為對應現(xiàn)金流到T=0時刻的年限
3.NPV=每筆現(xiàn)金流的現(xiàn)值之和-期初投資額
年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)將所有年金往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)
2.年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)在annuity table中找,r為折現(xiàn)率,n為年金數(shù)量,有幾筆年金,n就為幾
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(r,n)-期初投資額
永續(xù)年金折現(xiàn)問題
1.通過公式把永續(xù)年金全部往前折現(xiàn)一年,折現(xiàn)后的值=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r
2.r是折現(xiàn)率
3.NPV=每年現(xiàn)金流金額/r-期初投資額
題目練習
例1:An investment of $20,000 is expected to yield $5,000 in the first year, $10,000 in the second year, $8,000 in the third year. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%
NPV=5000*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,1)+10000*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,2)+8000*復利現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,3)-20000
=5000^0.952+10000^0.907+8000^0.864-20000
=$742
例2:An investment of $50,000 is expected to yield $5,000 for ten years. Calculate the net present value of the investment opportunity if the cost of capital is 5%.NPV=50000*年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)(5%,10)-50000
=5000^7.722-50000
=-$11390
來源:ACCA學習幫
股本溢價是指股份有限公司溢價發(fā)行股票時實際收到的款項超過股票面值總額的數(shù)額。對于剛入職的會計小白,很多人并不清楚股本溢價如何進行賬務處理,下面我們一起來看看吧。
股本溢價是什么意思?
股本溢價是指股份有限公司溢價發(fā)行股票時實際收到的款項超過股票面值總額的數(shù)額。因為股本規(guī)定是1元/股,但發(fā)行時不可能以1元/股的價格發(fā)售,而是以根據(jù)公司資產(chǎn)計算后決定發(fā)行價格,這兩者的差即為股本溢價。
股本溢價是資本公積一種,而資本公積是指投資者或者他人投入到企業(yè)、所有權歸屬于投資者、并且投入金額超過法定資本部分的資金。
股本溢價的會計分錄處理方法
股份有限公司的股本總額等于股票面值乘以股份總數(shù)。因此,在平價發(fā)行股票的情況下,不涉及資本公積問題,而溢價發(fā)行股票,收入中相當于股票面值的部分記入“股本”科目,超出面值部分的溢價收入記入“資本公積”科目。需要說明的是,由于股票發(fā)行過程中會發(fā)生一定數(shù)額的手續(xù)費等費用,因此,實際記入資本公積的數(shù)額是以溢價收入扣除發(fā)行手續(xù)費、傭金后的余額計算的。
股份有限公司是以發(fā)行股票的方式籌集股本的,股票可按面值發(fā)行,也可按溢價發(fā)行,我國目前不準折價發(fā)行。與其他類型的企業(yè)不同,股份有限公司在成立時可能會溢價發(fā)行股票,因而在成立之初,就可能會產(chǎn)生股本溢價。股本溢價的數(shù)額等于股份有限公司發(fā)行股票時實際收到的款額超過股票面值總額的部分。
在按面值發(fā)行股票的情況下,企業(yè)發(fā)行股票取得的收入,應全部作為股本處理;在溢價發(fā)行股票的情況下,企業(yè)發(fā)行股票取得的收入,等于股票面值部分作為股本處理,超出股票面值的溢價收入應作為股本溢價處理。
發(fā)行股票相關的手續(xù)費、傭金等交易費用,如果是溢價發(fā)行股票的,應從溢價中抵扣,沖減資本公積(股本溢價);無溢價發(fā)行股票或溢價金額不足以抵扣的,應將不足抵扣的部分沖減盈余公積和未分配利潤。
在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)A科目里depreciation是一個高頻的計算類考點,并且折舊的計算也是同學們必須要掌握牢的知識點,對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就跟大家詳解depreciation這個考點內(nèi)容。
01、折舊的定義?
折舊depreciation是指在固定資產(chǎn)使用壽命內(nèi),按照確定的方法對應計折舊額進行系統(tǒng)分攤。
折舊反映了固定資產(chǎn)non-current asset由于使用而逐漸損耗的價值。折舊的金額符合會計上的“配比”原則,與固定資產(chǎn)在使用期間產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟利益相配比。
02、折舊的范圍?
在FA的考試中,企業(yè)應對所有固定資產(chǎn)計提折舊,但land土地由于預計使用年限不確定除外。
03、折舊的起訖時間?
企業(yè)購買固定資產(chǎn)可能在一年的年初,也可能在年中,這時折舊的計算就會涉及到兩種時間基礎。
一是按月計提折舊(monthly pro- rata basis或charged proportionately in the year of purchase and disposal),按月為分配單位把每個月的折舊相加計算出全年的折舊;
二是按全年計提折舊(full year basis),題目往往會描述成——charge a full year’s depreciation in the year it is purchased and no depreciation in the year it is disposed of,指在購買當年全年計提折舊,而在處置當年不考慮折舊。另外需要注意已經(jīng)提足折舊但仍在繼續(xù)使用的固定資產(chǎn)不再繼續(xù)計提depreciation。
04、影響固定資產(chǎn)折舊的因素?
影響折舊額的因素有以下幾類:
(1)cost,固定資產(chǎn)的原值
(2)預計凈殘值,scrap value,在FA的考試中題目往往會提前告知
(3)使用壽命,useful life
(4)固定資產(chǎn)折舊方法,在FA的考試中僅考查直線法straight line method和余額遞減法reducing balance method
(5)折舊率:depreciation rate
05、固定資產(chǎn)折舊方法
接下來,我們來詳細介紹在直線法和余額遞減法兩類不同折舊方法下折舊額的計算。
(1)直線法straight line method:The straight line method provided that it is reasonable to assume that the business enjoys equal benefits from the use of the asst in every period throughout its life,直線法下假設資產(chǎn)給企業(yè)帶來的經(jīng)濟收益在每年都是平均的,按照固定資產(chǎn)成本的百分比(折舊率)來計提每年的折舊。
直線法下每年的折舊金額是一樣的,計算公式=(cost-scrap value)/estimated useful life。
在考試中,題目往往會給出直線法下的折舊率X%,這里的X%=annual depreciation amount/(cost-scrap value)。
例如,a non-current asset costing $20000 with an expected residual value of nil and an expected useful life of 10 years.
The depreciation charge per annually is 10% of cost.
注意:這里的10%并不是余額遞減法下的折舊率,而是1/10(預計使用壽命)得到的10%。
例題:
Wilson bought a machine on 1 January 20X5 for $130000. The machine was depreciated at 20% on a straight line basis with proportional charge in the year of acquisition and disposal.
On 1 April 20X8 Wilson sold the machine and made a loss on disposal of $6300.
What were the disposal proceeds that Wilson received for the machine?
答案:39200
解析:
解題關鍵詞:直線法計提折舊;按月計提折舊。
固定資產(chǎn)從1 January 20X5持有至1 April 20X8,經(jīng)過了3年3個月,題目要求按月計提折舊,在處置當天1 April 20X8:
Carrying amount=$130000-($130000*20%*3+$130000*20%*3/12)=$45500.
Loss on disposal=disposal proceeds - carrying amount=-$6300=disposal proceeds-$45500.
Proceeds=$39200.
(2)余額遞減法 reducing balance method:The reducing balance method based on the assumption that the benefits obtained by the business from using the asset decline over time.余額遞減法假設資產(chǎn)為企業(yè)帶來的經(jīng)濟收益不是平均的,在購買的早期資產(chǎn)帶來的經(jīng)濟利益大,而在后期,隨著資產(chǎn)的逐步消耗,資產(chǎn)為企業(yè)帶來的收益緩慢減少。
余額遞減法在每年年初按照成本減去累計折舊的余額的百分比(折舊率)來計提折舊。
計算公式depreciation=(cost-accumulated depreciation)*X%。
余額遞減法下的depreciation charge as X% of the carrying amount of asset,余額遞減法下的折舊等于資產(chǎn)在期初的賬面價值乘一個固定的折舊率,這個比率往往會由題目給出,注意在余額遞減法下每年的折舊金額計算不考慮殘值,最后一年除外(最后一年的折舊金額采用倒擠的方式,已知最后一年的期初資產(chǎn)賬面價值和資產(chǎn)的殘值,倒推最后一年的depreciation=期初賬面價值-殘值)。
例題:
A company bought an asset on 20X4/1/1 for 400000. Depreciation was charged on a reducing basis at 20%. On 20X7/1/1, the asst is revalued to market value of 520000.
How much should be recorded in the revaluation reserve at 20X7/1/1?
答案:315200
解析:
解題關鍵詞:余額遞減法計提折舊。
X4/1/1-X5/1/1:
deprecation=400000*20%=80000,carrying value=320000;
X5/1/1-X6/1/1:
depreciation=320000*20%=64000,carrying value=256000;
X6/1/1-X7/1/1:
depreciation=256000*20%=51200,carrying value=204800.
Revaluation surplus=520000-204800=315200.
注意:余額遞減法下,折舊率保持不變,而基數(shù)隨著累計折舊的不斷增加,變得越來越小,導致后期的折舊費用變小。
考點延伸:
在真實的FA考試環(huán)境中,除了單考折舊計算以外,題目也會結合固定資產(chǎn)入賬價值cost(作為折舊計提的基礎),重估增值以及PPE的movement公式進行綜合考察。我們要著重留意以下幾點:
(1)資產(chǎn)重估時,累計折舊賬戶清零,重估后第一年的累計折舊就是該年度的折舊費用。
(2)固定資產(chǎn)的初始計量,即折舊公式中的cost,主要包含:資產(chǎn)買價,相關法律費用,工程師費用,裝卸費及其他使固定資產(chǎn)達到可使用狀態(tài)所必須發(fā)生的費用。
(3)計提折舊要從固定資產(chǎn)到達預定可使用狀態(tài)的時間點開始。
(4)Transfer excess depreciation to retained earnings(將重估后每年多計提的折舊轉(zhuǎn)入留存收益)是企業(yè)可以選擇的政策,不是強制的。
來源:ACCA學習幫
在ACCA考試中,Disposal of subsidiary經(jīng)常都會出現(xiàn)在試卷里,對于初次報名的考生,很多人不太了解這考點內(nèi)容,今天會計網(wǎng)就跟大家進行講解。
01、在母公司的單體報表中
首先,在母公司的單體報表中,投資子公司時會計處理如下: DR Investment in subsidiary CR Cash
因此對子公司的投資作為Investment in subsidiary出現(xiàn)Profit/loss on disposal = Proceeds (fair value of consideration received) – carrying amount of the investment disposed of
其中proceed是母公司獲得的處置收入,carrying amount of the investment disposed of是母公司單體報表中這筆投資的賬面價值。
02 、在集團報表中
在集團報表中,不會出現(xiàn)Investment in subsidiary,而是將其拆為子公司的資產(chǎn)負債,因此在合并報表中母公司的投資價值以子公司的資產(chǎn)、負債和收購后子公司的權益變動出現(xiàn)。
在母公司不完全控股的情況下,集團報表中存在NCI,當母公司處置子公司后,集團報表中的NCI、子公司凈資產(chǎn)和商譽處置后都不存在,因此在計算處置利得或損失時,公式如下:Group profit/loss on disposal = fair value of consideration received + NCI at disposal – carrying amount of net asset in S at date of disposal – Goodwill at disposal
處置后,子公司所有的凈資產(chǎn)都會從集團報表消失,而子公司的凈資產(chǎn)由母公司和NCI共同擁有,因此要用處置時母公司收到的對價,加處置時NCI的價值減去處置時子公司凈資產(chǎn)的價值(包括處置時子公司的商譽)計算。
單體報表和集團報表的計算差異在于單體報表不存在NCI, 而集團報表存在NCI
另外需要提醒大家的是:NCI是權益科目,在合并報表的Equity 項下
處置時一定要注意用的是處置時NCI的價值,有些題目會給大家收購時NCI的價值,這時大家需要用公式:收購時NCI價值+收購后子公司權益的變動*NCI控股=處置時的NCI的價值來算出處置時的NCI
03 、兩道題分析
下面我們用2道題來分析對比處置子公司單體報表和合并報表的處理:
1.Wind purchased 80% of the ordinary shares Snow for $8 million many years ago and holds the investment in its individual statement of financial position at cost. On 30 September 20X3, Wind disposed of its shares in Snow for $20 million in cash.
What is the profit arising on the disposal of the shares that will be recorded in Wind’s individual statement of profit or loss for the year ended 30 September 20X3?
下面我們來分析本題:Individual statement of P/L表示本題計算的是單體報表的處置利得或損失
因此本題要計算母公司收到的處置收入和處置時這筆投資在母公司單體報表的賬面價值
W購買80%的S公司股票,購買對價8000K。單體報表按照成本法入賬,因此后續(xù)投資價值始終不變
在X3.9.30,W公司處置S公司,處置對價20,000K
根據(jù)公式我們可以得出:
Profit/loss on disposal = Proceeds (fair value of consideration received) – carrying amount of the investment disposed of =20000K-8000K=12000K,即為本題答案。
2. On 30 lune 20X4, the Tea group disposed of its 60% holding in the ordinary shares of Coffee for $30 million in cash. The non-controlling interest at the acquisition date was measured at its fair value of $4.4 million.
Coffee's net assets at the acquisition and the disposal date were $10 million and $16 million respectively. Goodwill arising on the acquisition of Coffee of $2 million had been fully impaired by the disposal date.
What is the profit or loss arising on the disposal of Coffee that will be recorded in the consolidated statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 20X4?
A Profit of $20.0 million B Profit of $18.2 millionC Profit of $20.4 million D Profit of $20.2 million
下面來分析本題:Consolidated statement of P/L表示本題計算合并報表的處置利得或損失
因此本題要計算母公司的處置收入,處置當天NCI的價值、處置當天子公司凈資產(chǎn)的價值和處置當天的商譽
X4.6.30集團處置60%的C公司股份,收到30m現(xiàn)金,收購日當天NCI的價值4400K
收購日當天子公司凈資產(chǎn)10000K,處置當天子公司凈資產(chǎn)16000K
收購產(chǎn)生的2000K商譽在處置當天完全減值
首先計算處置當天NCI的數(shù)值。由于本題使用公允價值計量NCI,因此商譽的減值有一部分要分給NCI:NCI at disposal = 4400K+ (16000K-10000K)*40%-2000K*40%=6000K
另外注意處置當天商譽的價值減值到0,因此:Group profit/loss on disposal = fair value of consideration received + Fair value of NCI – Carrying amount at date of disposal– Goodwill at disposal = 30000K+6000K-16000K-0=20000K=20m
謝謝大家,今天的講解到此結束,祝大家備考順利!
來源:ACCA學習幫
應付票據(jù)屬于負債類科目,借貸方向是借減貸增,借方登記償還的應付票據(jù)的面值;貸方登記登記企業(yè)開出的應付票據(jù)的面值。期末貸方余額表示企業(yè)尚未償還的應付票據(jù)的面值。
同時,企業(yè)還應設置應付票據(jù)備查簿,詳細登記每一應付票據(jù)的種類、號數(shù)、簽發(fā)日期、到期日、票面金額、合同交易號、收款人的姓名或單位名稱,以及付款日期和金額等資料。應付票據(jù)到期付清后,應當及時在備查簿中逐筆注銷。
應付票據(jù)核算什么內(nèi)容
應付票據(jù)科目核算企業(yè)購買材料、商品和接受勞務供應等開出、承兌的商業(yè)匯票,包括銀行承兌匯票和商業(yè)承兌匯票,該科目可按債權人進行明細核算。
應付票據(jù)會計分錄
1、采購開出商業(yè)匯票:
借:材料采購、在途物資、原材料、庫存商品等
應交稅費——應交增值稅(進項稅額)
貸:應付票據(jù)
2、開出銀行承兌匯票支付給銀行的手續(xù)費:
借:財務費用
應交稅費——應交增值稅(進項稅額)
貸:銀行存款
3、到期支付票款:
借:應付票據(jù)
貸:銀行存款
4、轉(zhuǎn)銷應付票據(jù):
?。?)商業(yè)承兌匯票到期無力償還票款的分錄:
借:應付票據(jù)
貸:應付賬款
?。?)銀行承兌匯票到期無力償還票款的分錄:
借:應付票據(jù)
貸:短期借款
值得注意的是:
1、會計人員在核算“應付票據(jù)”時,應按票面金額入賬。
2、企業(yè)支付銀行承兌匯票手續(xù)費時,屬于購買增值稅應稅服務,取得增值稅專用發(fā)票的,應當確認增值稅進項稅額。
應付票據(jù)的理解
應付票據(jù)是指企業(yè)在商品購銷活動和對工程價款進行結算因采用商業(yè)匯票結算方式而發(fā)生的,由出票人出票,委托付款人在指定日期無條件支付確定的金額給收款人或者持票人的票據(jù)。
對應付票據(jù)作簡單理解:應付票據(jù)是指由出票人出票,并由承兌人允諾在一定時期內(nèi)支付一定款項的書面證明。
PMP考試中有不少英文縮寫的專用名稱,為了方便考生更好地記憶考試知識點,這里將PMP常見的英文縮寫進行整理如下:
AC 實際成本 actual cost
ACWP 已完工作實際成本 Actual Cost for Work Performed
BAC 完工預算 budget at completion
CCB 變更控制委員會 change control board
COQ 質(zhì)量成本 cost of quality
CPAF 成本加獎勵費用合同 cost plus award fee contracts
CPFF 成本加固定費用合同 cost plus fixed fee contract
CPI 成本績效指數(shù) cost performance index
CPIF 成本加激勵費用合同 cost plus incentive fee contract
CPM 關鍵路徑法 critical path activity
CV 成本偏差 cost variance
EAC 完工估算 estimate at completion
EF 最早完成日期 early finish date
EMV 預期貨幣價值 expected monetary value
ES 最早開始日期 early start date
ETC 完工尚需估算 estimate to complete
EV 掙值 earned value
EVM 掙值管理 earned value management
FF 完成到完成 Finish-to-Finish
FFP 固定總價合同 Firm-Fixed-Price Contract
FMEA 失效模式與影響分析 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
FP-EPA 總價加經(jīng)濟價格調(diào)整合同 Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contracts
FPIF 總價加激勵費用合同 Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract
FS 完成到開始 Finish-to-Start
IFB 投標邀請書 Invitation for Bid
LF 最晚完成日期 Late Finish Date
LOE 支持型活動 Level of Effort
LS 最晚開始日期 Late Start Date
OBS 組織分解結構 Organizational Breakdown Structure
PDM 緊前關系繪圖法 Precedence Diagramming Method
PMBOK 項目管理知識體系 Project Management Body of Knowledge
PV 計劃價值 Planned Value
QFD 質(zhì)量功能展開 Quality Function Deployment
RACI 執(zhí)行、負責、咨詢和知情矩陣 Responsible、Accountable、Consult、Inform Matirx
RAM 責任分配矩陣 Responsibility Assignment Matrix
RBS 風險分解結構 Risk Breakdown Structure
RFI 信息邀請書 Request for Information
RFP 建議邀請書 Request for Proposal
RFQ 報價邀請書 Request for Quotation
SF 開始到完成 Start-to-Finish
SOW 工作說明書 Statement of Work
SPI 進度績效指數(shù) Schedule Performance Index
SS 開始到開始 Start-to-Start
SV 進度偏差 Schedule Variance
SWOT 優(yōu)勢、劣勢、機會與威脅 Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Threats
T&M 工料 Time and Material
WBS 工作分解結構 Work Breakdown Structure
ACCA考試科目一共有15門,其中F2為《管理會計》,這門科目的主要內(nèi)容是關于管理會計體系的主要元素和管理會計的作用,其中涉及較多的知識點多且雜,如管理會計,管理信息,成本會計等,考試難點較多,F(xiàn)2《管理會計》重點難點資料,具體如下:
1.Target cost=target selling price–target profit=market price–desired profit margin.
2.cost gap=estimated cost–target cost.
3.TQM:
?、賞reventing costs
②appraisal costs
?、踚nternal failure costs
?、躤xternal failure cost
4.Alternative costing principle:
①ABC(activity based costing)
?、赥arget costing
?、跮ife cycle
?、躎QM
8.Time series:
①trend
?、趕easonal variation:⑴加法模型sum to zero;⑵乘法模型sum to 4
③cyclical variation
?、躵andom variation
9.pricipal budget factor關鍵預算因子:be limited the activities
10.budget purpose:
?、賑ommunication
②coordination
?、踓ompel the plan
?、躮otivative employees
⑤resource allocation
11.Budget committee的功能:①coordinated②administration
12.Budget:①function budget②master budget:1.P&L;2.B/S;3.Cash Flow
13.Fixed Budget:不是在于固不固定,而是基于一個業(yè)務量的考慮,financail expression.
Flexible Budget:包含了固定成本和變動成本,并且變動成本的變化是隨著業(yè)務量的變化而改變。
14.Flexible Budget的優(yōu)點:
?、賠ecognize different cost behavior.
?、趇mprove quality and a comparison of like with like
③help managers to forecast cost,revenue and profit.
15.Flexible Budget的缺點:
?、偌僭O太簡單。
②需要更多的時間準備預算編制。
16.Controllable cost is a“cost which can be influenced by”its budget holder.大部分的變動成本是可控的,non-controllable cost為inflation.
17.Budget Behavior:
①participate approach
?、趇mposed budget
18.payback投資回收期的缺點:
?、賗gnore profitability
?、趖he time value of money is ignored
③沒有考慮項目后期帶來的經(jīng)濟利益
?、躠rbitray武斷
19.payback投資回收期的優(yōu)點:
?、賓asy to calculate
②widely use
?、踡inimize the effect of the risk and help liqidity
★如果在算投資回收期的時候,發(fā)生折舊,則需要加回折舊,因為折舊是非現(xiàn)金項目。
20.(1+real interst rate)*(1+inflation rate)=(1+nominal interest rate)
21.NPV=present value of future net cash flow–present value of initial cost
22.永續(xù)年金=A/i
23.每年的匯報是相同的就查看年金現(xiàn)值系數(shù)表,不同的就查看年金系數(shù)表。
24.EAR=CAR=APR=(1+r/n)n–1有效年利率
25.IRR:(based on cash flow analysis)
①IRR>cost of capital,NPV>0,worth taking
②IRR<cost of capital,NPV<0,not worthwhile.
26.ARR=average profit/average investment(ARR是基于profit)
Average investment=(initial investment–residual value)/2
27.type of standard:
?、賐asic standard
?、赾urrent standard
③ideal standard
?、躠ttainable standard
28.Variance
?、馦aterial Variance
⑴total material variance=standard cost–actual cost
?、苖aterial price variance=(standard price–actual price)*actual quantity
?、莔aterial usage variance=(standard usage of actual output-actual usage)*standard price.
ⅡDirect Labor Variance
?、舠tandard pay–actual pay
?、芁abor rate variances=(standard rate–actual rate)*actual hrs of actual output
⑶Labor efficiency variances=(standard hrs of actual output–actual hrs)*standard rate
?、骎ariable production overhead variances
?、臫otal variable O.H.variance=standard cost–actual cost
?、芕ariable O.H.expenditure variance=(standard rate–actual rate)*actual hrs
⑶Variable O.H.efficiency variance=(standard hrs of actual output–actual hrs)*standard rate
?、鬎ixed O.H.expenditure variance
?、臚ixed O.H.Expenditure variance=budget expenditure–actual expenditure
⑵Fixed O.H.volume=(actual output-budgeted volume)*standard hrs per unit*standard rate per hr.
?、荂apacity variance=(actual hrs worked–budgeted hrs worked)*standard rate per hr
⑷Efficiency variance=(standard hrs worked for actual output–actual hrs worked)*standard rate per hr⑴+⑵:Fixed O.H.total variance=fixed O.H.absorbed–actual expenditure
?、鮏ales variance
?、臩ales price variances=(actual price–budget price)*actual sales units
⑵Sales volume variances=(actual sales units–budget sales units)*standard profit per unit
(absorption)
?、荢ales volume variances=(actual sales units–budget sales units)*standard CPU(marginal costing)
?、鯥dle time variances
Idle time variance=(expected idle time–actual idle time)*adjusted hr rate
29.The elements of a mission statement including:
?、貾urpose
②Strategy
?、跴olicies and standards of behavior
?、躒alues and culture
30.A critical success factor is a performance requirement that is fundamental to competitive success.
31.Profitability ratios
①Return on capital employed(ROCE)
=profit before interest and tax/(shareholders’funds+long-term liabilities)×100%
?、赗eturn on equity(ROE)=profit after tax/shareholders’funds×100%
?、跘sset turnover=sales/capital employed×100%
=sales/(shareholders’funds+long-term liabilities)×100%
④Profit margin=profit before interest and tax/sales×100%
Profit margin×asset turnover=ROCE
32.Debt and gearing ratios
?、貲ebt-to-equity ratio=long-term liabilities/total equity×100%
?、贗nterest cover=PBIT/Interest×100%
33.Liquidity ratios
①Current ratio=current assets/current liabilities
?、赒uick ratio(acid test ratio)=current assets minus inventory/current liabilities
34.Working capital ratios
?、買nventory days=average inventory*365/cost of sales
?、赗eceivables days=average trade receivables*365/sales
③Payables days=average trade payables*365/cost of sales(or purchases)
35.Non-financial performance measures
Non-financial performance measures are considered to be leading indicators of financial performance.
?、費arket share
?、贗nnovation
③Growth
?、躊roductivity
?、軶uality
⑥Social aspects
36.The balanced scorecard:
?、賔inancial perspective
②external perspective
?、踓ustomer perspective
?、躭earning and innovation perspective
37.Benchmarking:
?、買nternal benchmarking
②Competitive benchmarking
?、跢unctional benchmarking
?、躍trategic benchmarking
38.Value analysis is a planned,scientific approach to cost reduction,which reviews the material composition of a product and the product's design so that modifications and improvements can be made which do not reduce the value of the product to the customer or user.
39.Four aspects of'value'should be considered:
①Cost value
?、贓xchange value
?、踀tility value
④Esteem value
40.ROI=PBIT/capital employed*100%
Widely used and accepted;As a relative measure it enables comparisons to be made with divisions or companies of different sizes.
41.RI=PBIT-Imputed interest*capital employed.
Possible to use different rates of interest for different types of assets;Cost of finance is being considered.
2023年3月acca考試將于3月6-10日舉行,準考證在考前2-3周就已經(jīng)開始打印。打印時要求A4紙打印,確保準考證上的信息清晰可見,若單面打印,另一面不可有內(nèi)容。
考生在打印準考證時需要仔細核對準考證信息,認真檢查一下準考證信息與報考信息是否一致。如出現(xiàn)不符情況,可聯(lián)系ACCA官方工作人員進行修改,但通常最終信息需以準考證信息為準。
入口一:
1、進入官網(wǎng):www.accaglobal.com/en.html,登錄myACCA。
2、在左側導航欄中點擊“Dashboard”(用移動設備登錄,請點擊左上角的“Menu”)。
3、在注意的事項里,將會看到下載準考證的提示(里面有下載的鏈接)。
入口二:
考生可以登錄myACCA,在“Documents and downloads”里找到準考證。
1、登錄ACCA賬號,輸入您的賬號和密碼。
2、登錄后點擊左側“Documents&downloads”,再點擊“Docket”。
3、在第一列選擇學習方式,根據(jù)個人情況進行選擇。
?面授請選擇“Full time-face to face”或“Part time-face to face”
?網(wǎng)課請選擇“Online learning”
?自學請選擇“Self-study”
?“Blended learning”和“Revision course”一般不選擇
注意:第二列“country”默認為中國,不進行更改;第三列“l(fā)earning Provider”中選擇授課機構,下拉找到“Rongyue”。
4、點擊“Save&Confirm”后,會生成PDF版本的準考證,直接打印即可。
請務必仔細查看準考證上的個人信息,是否和報名時所用的身份證信息一致,各科具體考試時間、考試場次及地點請以準考證為準!如果報名情況發(fā)生改變,請打印最新的準考證并以此為準。
如果發(fā)現(xiàn)準考證上不顯示照片,在更換瀏覽器無果的情況下,需要以郵件的方式與ACCA官方聯(lián)系,郵件內(nèi)容寫明學員姓名、ACCA注冊號、出生年月日及說明,附件內(nèi)需要上傳本人的近期二寸彩照。
溢價發(fā)行債券時通過應付債券——面值、應付債券——利息調(diào)整會計科目來進行核算,具體的溢價發(fā)行債券分錄如下:
溢價發(fā)行債券會計分錄:
借:銀行存款(實際收到的金額)
貸:應付債券——面值
應付債券——利息調(diào)整
折價發(fā)行債券會計分錄:
借:銀行存款(實際收到的金額)
應付債券——利息調(diào)整
貸:應付債券——面值
債券溢價是債券價格大于票面價值的差額。溢價可以理解為企業(yè)以后各期多付利息,而事先發(fā)行方自己得到的補償。
債券是一種有價證券,是社會各類經(jīng)濟主體為籌集資金而向債券投資者出具的、承諾定期支付利息并到期償還本金的債權債務憑證。債券的發(fā)行主體可以是政府(或政府機構)、非金融企業(yè)、金融機構,還可以是國際組織。
優(yōu)點:溢價發(fā)行是債券發(fā)行的一種價格選擇。優(yōu)點是它不僅讓發(fā)行者獲得按票面金額計算的資金,而且給發(fā)行者帶來額外的溢價收入,甚至使發(fā)行收入大于到期按面值償還的本金支出,增加了發(fā)行收入,為發(fā)行者提供了在不增加債券發(fā)行數(shù)量的條件下獲取更多資金的途徑。但是,它要求發(fā)行者信用較高,同時,溢價發(fā)行債券利率較高,發(fā)行者到期償還時將支付較高的利息。
缺點:高溢價可以使企業(yè)以極小的代價獲得巨額資金,致使企業(yè)為了上市不惜搞過度包裝,弄虛作假。高溢價使股票的價格與公司業(yè)績嚴重脫離,導致我國股市市盈率過高,泡沫過大。高溢價發(fā)行股票使投資成本過高,投資回報過低,導致投資者只重視博取差價,不重視分紅,使股市變成一個投機取巧的市。高溢價造成社會流通股與國有股的同股不同價,而且價差過大是國有股減持的最主要障礙。高溢價使A股與B股、H股投資成本差別過大,導致了嚴重的利益侵占問題。
CFA申請證書需要描述工作經(jīng)驗,以下舉例說明,僅供參考:
CFA工作經(jīng)驗描述
示例1
符合要求的描述:
I prepare financial models based on reviewed information,analyze fundamentals,and value acquisition targets to provide recommendations to the investment committee.
滿足了哪些條件:
1.申請人描述了該職位所進行的獨立的分析工作。
2.該工作的產(chǎn)出為財務模型以及投資建議,可以影響投資決策。
示例2
不符合要求的描述:
My work focuses on successfully managing key relationships with end-clients relating to a new Know Your Client(KYC)initiative.
不足之處:
申請人需要更詳細地描述自己的工作內(nèi)容?,F(xiàn)在的描述無法清楚地了解該職位會進行哪些獨立的分析工作,也沒有闡明自己的工作成果如何對投資決策產(chǎn)生影響。
潤色后的描述:
I develop and maintain strong working relationships with clients and communicate investment performance and strategy.I provide advice on a wide and diverse range of investment solutions customized to best meet the financial needs of those clients after thoroughly assessing financial fundamentals,reviewing business risk profile,and doing stress testing on cash flows.
CFA申請證書要求
1、通過CFA考試
CFA考試分為三個等級,考生需要全部通過CFA三個等級的考試,才算“通過CFA考試”
2、獲得合格的工作經(jīng)驗
CFA考生還需要獲得至少4000個小時的工作經(jīng)驗,并且需要在36個月內(nèi)完成,合格的工作經(jīng)驗需與投資決策的過程或者是為投資決策過程提供信息或增加價值的工作有關,考生通過全職、兼職或遠程的工作安排獲得經(jīng)驗均可。
3、提交推薦信
考生還需要提交2-3封推薦信,推薦人需要在信中介紹申請人的職業(yè)性格、工作經(jīng)驗等。
4、申請成為特許持有者
具備了CFA證書申請資格的考生,還需要向CFA協(xié)會提交成為特許持有者的申請,一旦個人提交的特許持有者申請通過,則代表個人具有了特許持證的資格。
CFA證書含金量
1、鞏固基礎,提升個人能力
相信大家心里都很清楚,CFA考試是有一定難度的,縱觀往年的考試情況,CFA考試通過率一直不太理想,由于CFA內(nèi)容所涵蓋的專業(yè)知識比較多,范圍廣,所以才導致考試通過率低的情況出現(xiàn)。不過,只要你成功通過了CFA考試,你就會擁有比較扎實的金融財務專業(yè)知識基礎功底,無論是職場還是工作方面都帶來非常大的幫助。
2、加薪
報考特許金融分析師CFA可是一件高回報率的事情,除了上述的幾點好處外,最重要的一點就是能夠提升大家的加薪機會。根據(jù)行業(yè)市場調(diào)查,CFA證書持有人其薪資普遍都非常高,CFA證書持有人對比非持證者,其薪資足足高出了50%的水平,簡單來說幾乎是漲了一般的工資,可見,CFA證書除了高含金量外,也是一張非常高回報率的證書。
2024年FRM報名流程如下:
1、打開FRM考試報名入口,用注冊的賬號密碼進行登陸。點擊“My Programs”,進入選擇報名考試界面;
2、點擊“Increase your value”,進入FRM考試報名界面
3、填寫要報名的等級。雖然兩級可以同時報名,但弊大于利,不建議同時報名兩級。
選擇中國大陸地區(qū)考試FRM的考生,需要提前準備好證件。證件可以選擇護照或者駕照。要求:原件、未過期包含考生照片。
GARP詢問您是否需要購買教材,按實際需要選擇。如果選擇了需要詳細填寫郵寄地址。
5、然后,填寫您的信用卡信息:卡的類型,卡號,到期日,持卡人姓名,確認您的信用卡有國際支付功能。確認繼續(xù)即可。
6、確認繳費金額,選擇支付方式。支付方式建議選擇在線信用卡支付,方便快捷而且免除您的手續(xù)費用。
這里還要注意,關于FRM會員費,GARP官方不強制要求必須購買。考生可以自由準備。如果選擇,后續(xù)每年都會扣一百多美元的會員費。
7、刷卡成功后,將會跳轉(zhuǎn)出您的付費確認的頁面,確認支付狀態(tài)處于paid狀態(tài)則報名成功。記錄發(fā)票號、ID號、登錄郵箱及密碼即可。
2024年5月FRM
早鳥價(優(yōu)惠價)報名時間:2023年12月1日至2024年1月31日;
標準價報名時間:2024年2月1日至2024年3月31日。
2024年8月FRM
早鳥階段報考時間:2024年3月1日——2024年4月30日
標準階段報考時間:2024年5月1日——2024年6月30日
2024年11月FRM
早鳥價(優(yōu)惠價)報名時間:2024年5月1日至2024年7月31日
標準價報名時間:2024年8月1日至2024年9月30日
GARP對于FRM報考條件的規(guī)定如下:
What qualifications do I need to register for the FRM Program?
There are no educational or professional prerequisites needed toregister.
翻譯為:報名FRM考試沒有任何學歷或?qū)I(yè)的先決條件。
可以理解為,報名FRM考試沒有任何的學歷和專業(yè)的要求,只要是你想考,均可報名。
Great changes will take place in 2012 for IFRS,in this critical year,what key milestones can help you to ensure you will be well prepared for filing your first interim IFRS financial statements 2011 will be discussed in this training.
In the context of increasing global usage of IFRS and expected convergence of PRC GAAP with IFRS over the coming years,we will discuss both the current differences between PRC GAAP and IFRS as well as highlighting some of the developments in IFRS that are currently under discussion.This training is appropriate for both the novice in IFRS financial reporting who needs to be up-to-date quickly,and the veteran financial professional who is looking for a refresher course which including current issues and projects.In this course we will highlight IFRS VS PRC GAAP with details to help you on applying these two standards into your real business.
Understanding that accounting standards are not just a matter for specialists
Cementing your knowledge of IFRS with hands-on case studies and examples
Recognizing and going beyond the difference between IFRS and Chinese GAAP
Technical analysis and discussion on the latest strategic updates and future direction of IFRS
Implementing IFRS accounting for assets,liabilities and owners equity
Revisiting basic concepts such as lease accounting,impairment,fair value,revenue recognition,contingencies,financial instruments,business combinations…
Providing recent updates and their consequences including IFRS for small and medium-sized entities
Guidance on the challenges to face when first time adoption or implementing new/or some specific standards
CFO/CEO/CIO
Finance Director/Manager/Controller
Auditing Manager
Accounting Manager
Investment/Financial/Equity Analysts
Day 1
A.Introduction to IFRS
-Latest Developments at the IASB
-Convergence with US GAAP
-Convergence with Chinese GAAP
-IFRS–a principle based framework of accounting
-Summary of IFRS 2009-2011 updates
-IFRS and fair value considerations,IFRS 13 Fair value measurement
B.Assets
-Current assets,IAS 2 Inventories/CAS 1 Inventories
-Tangible fixed assets,IAS 16 Property,Plant and Equipment/CAS 4 Property,Plant and Equipment
-Current update of lease accounting,IAS 17 Leases;ED/2010/9 Leases/CAS 21 Leasing
-Intangible assets–intellectual property and development costs,IAS 38 Intangible assets/CAS 6 Intangible assets
-Borrowing costs,IAS 23 Borrowing costs/CAS 17 Borrowing costs
-Impairment,IAS 36 Impairment of assets/CAS 8 Impairment of assets
C.Liabilities
-Contingencies,IAS 37 Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets/CAS,13 Contingencies
-Retirement benefits,IAS 19 Employee Benefits/CAS 9 Employee Benefits
-Update of financial instruments and hedge accounting,IFRS 7 Financial Instruments:Disclosures/CAS 37 Financial,Instruments:Presentation and Disclosures,IFRS 9 Financial Instruments/CAS 12 Debt restructuring;CAS 22 Financial Instruments:Recognition and Measurement,CAS 23 Transfer of Financial Assets;CAS 24 Hedging
D.Income and expenditure
-Revenue recognition,IAS 11 Construction contracts/CAS 15 Construction contracts,IAS 18 Revenue;ED/2010/6 Revenue from contracts with,customers/CAS 14 Revenue
-Taxes,IAS 12 Income Taxes/CAS 18 Income Taxes
-Other Income statement topics,IAS 20 Accounting for Government grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance/CAS 16 Government Grants,IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates/CAS 19 Foreign Currency Translation,IFRS 2 Shared-based Payment/CAS 11 Share-based payment,IFRS 8 Operating Segments/CAS 35 Segmental Reporting
Day 2
E.Consolidation and business combinations
-What constitutes a business combinations,IFRS 3 Business combinations/CAS 20 Business combinations
-Inclusion of investments with differing levels of control,IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements/CAS 33,Consolidated financial statements,IFRS 11 Joint arrangements/CAS 2 Long term equity investments,IFRS 12 Disclosure of interest in other entities
F.Financial statements and first time adoption
-Disclosure requirements,IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements/CAS 30 Presentation of financial statements,IAS 7 Statements of cash-flows/CAS 31 Cash flow statements,IAS 8 Accounting policies,changes in accounting estimates and errors/CAS 28 Changes in accounting policies and estimates and correction of errors,IAS 10 Events after the reporting
period/CAS 29 Events after the balance sheet date,IAS 24 Related party disclosures/CAS 36 Related party disclosures,IAS 33 Earnings per share/CAS 34 Earnings per share,IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting/CAS 32 Interim financial reporting,IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
-First time application issues,IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards/CAS 38 First Time Adoption of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises
G.Summary of ASBE/CAS/IFRS differences
-Recap the differences between old and new Chinese GAAP with IFRS
H.IFRS for SMEs(Small and Medium Sized Enterprises)
-To whom does it apply?
-Differences Between“Full”IFRS and“IFRS for SMEs”
想了解詳細課程資料,點擊網(wǎng)頁的在線咨詢圖標,與在線老師交流。
Worldwide famous‘Toyota pioneered lean practices’crashed and burned in early 2010,which changed the fate of the world top one automobile manufacturer and also rang the alarm bell to all the finance and operation executives that how to avoid Toyota tragedy while implementing lean finance into production.
As the lean approach percolates into ever wider circles of operations,it ceases to be about best practice and starts to become a part of the fabric of doing business.The important thing,in the heat of competition,will be how well companies implement them and averse the follow-up risks,which caused by the diversity of cultures,infrastructures and environments.
This training aims to look at wider ranging operational excellence programs and the methods of successful implementation.It is also more about building the energy and engagement of employees from the shop floor and the office pool upward,tapping into their ideas,focusing them on constant problem solving,and keeping them open to change and flexibility.
Learning how companies like Boeing,Parker Hannifin,Siemens,Messier Dowty and hosts of smaller firms are revolutionizing accounting,control and measurement processes
The first systematic lean program about the specifics of adapting financial systems to better serve lean operations by the world leading lean authority
Providing accurate,timely and understandable information to motivate the lean transformation throughout the organization,and for decision-making leading to increased customer value,growth,profitability,and cash flow
Using lean methods to eliminate waste from the accounting processes while maintaining thorough financial control
Supporting the lean culture by motivating investment in people,providing information that is relevant and actionable,and empowers continuous improvement at very level of the organization
Developing action plans for implementing Lean Accounting methods in participating companies considering the existing defense industry structural barriers
Learning the approach of how to design and measure work to achieve business objectives to implement your lean system design
Helping the design of a radically new way of the processes and savagely eliminating wastes from it
Putting performance measurement on a different level
Reducing customer wait times and creating value to them by kinds of tools
Executive Leaders,Financial Professionals,Lean Specialists
Financial Directors,Financial Managers,Accountants
Senior Managers in Operations,Product,Procurement,Sales,and Marketing,etc.
Highly recommending to bring a small group or team to the workshop to maximize the benefits
Lean Introduction
Five Principles of Lean Thinking
New lean methods of accounting,control&measurement
Box Score
The Structure of Box Score
Box Score implementing in lean accounting to prioritize the lean improvement projects
Value Stream Management
The importance and helpfulness of value streams
A standard method for determining the value stream flows
Flows implementing for developing the best value stream organization
Group Work:Design a value stream structure for a company making values and manifolds
Lean Performance Measurements
Lean measurements‘Starter Set’
‘Lean Performance Measurement Linkage Chart’
Changing‘command&control’management style to a lean management style
Value Stream Accounting
Value streams as the primary cost objects
Collecting information of summary,direct value stream revenue and cost
Creating a‘Plain English’income statement
Exercise
Value Steam Capacity
Value steam map
Capacity model
Value stream capacity usage and analysis
Exercise
Decision Making
Box Score decision-making templates
Effective decision making
Exercise
Transaction Elimination
Identifying and eliminating the wasteful transactions
Transaction Elimination Maturity Path Matrix
Lean Accounting‘Footprint’Chart–current&future state
Documenting the changes
Exercise
Box Score in an Administrative Process
Box Score for monitoring and improving the process
Radical improvement in an account payable process
Implementation of Basic Lean Accounting
Approach to the implementation of basic lean accounting
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CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?
As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.
Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.
Breakthrough the language of finance
Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations
Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals
Mastering forecasting techniques
Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures
Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions
Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants
Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks
General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers
Vice President and Top Executives in all respective
Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers
Sales&Marketing Managers
Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers
Investment Professionals
Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance
Finance Fundamental | Management Application |
-Introduction to the Course -The role of the finance function -Working with the finance teams -How companies succeed on finance? -Accounting Information—The Language of Business -What is financial accounting? -Why Financial Accounting is necessary? -Some process,terminology and concepts -Learn how financial data is generated and reported -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements -Managers and Financial Statements -The concept of shareholder value -Demystifying Financial Statements -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet -Cost of goods sold -The accrual concept and timing adjustments -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow -The shortcomings of accounting -Implications of Revenue Recognition -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement -Analysis of Financial Statement—Where do you find useful information? -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information -Locate and use sources of information about business performance -How accounting information assists in decision making -Linking decisions to financial metrics -How to increase ROCE -Profitability ratios -Economic Value Added(EVA TM) -Financial Decision Making -Profitability,liquidity ratios -Managing working capital -Financial Leverage -Debt ratios -Measuring business risk -Cash management -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed company’s annual report -Accounting Creates Value -Functions of management accounting -Management accounting compared to financial accounting -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems
| -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process -Understanding the different steps involved in the process -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance -The cost information for pricing and product planning -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach -Customers:an outside in pricing -Competitors:predict their price -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods -Case Study -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King! -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool -EBITDA,free cash flows -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow -Establishing cash flow forecasts -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances -Approaches to valuation -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More? -An introduction to capital markets -Different forms of financing(long term,short term) -Debt versus Equity -Gearing and beta factors -Capital Asset Pricing Models -Tax shields -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks -An Overview of the M&A market in China -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the execution gap -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition |
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