• <menu id="mimyq"></menu>
  • 客服服務(wù)
    收藏本站
    手機(jī)版
    來源 會計(jì)網(wǎng)
    0
    會計(jì)網(wǎng)專家一對一答疑
    微信掃碼,在線提問!
    相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)資料
    4S店汽車銷售賬務(wù)處理怎么做?
    2020-09-06 14:49:42 1115 瀏覽

      4S店銷售汽車的賬務(wù)處理,主要涉及預(yù)付車款、收到整車及發(fā)票、銷售整車等方面的會計(jì)核算。

    4S店汽車銷售賬務(wù)處理

      4S店汽車銷售的賬務(wù)處理

      1、預(yù)付車款

      借:預(yù)付賬款

            貸:銀行存款

      2、收到整車及發(fā)票

      借:庫存商品

            應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅)

            貸:預(yù)付賬款

      3、銷售時:

      (1)收到預(yù)收款:

      借:銀行存款

             貸:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收車款

                    其他應(yīng)付款—代收款項(xiàng)(代收客戶驗(yàn)車費(fèi)和購置稅及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))

      (2)開具機(jī)動車發(fā)票:

      借:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收車款

             貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—整車銷售收入

                    應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

      (3)代客戶繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和購置稅:

      借:其他應(yīng)付款—代收款項(xiàng)

             貸:庫存現(xiàn)金

      (4)代客戶付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)(一般保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)都是和保險(xiǎn)公司聯(lián)網(wǎng),如果客戶自己有銀行卡可以直接刷卡,如果沒有就需要用公司的卡刷,公司可以去開戶行辦理商務(wù)卡):

      借:其他應(yīng)付款—代收款項(xiàng)

             貸:銀行存款

      (5)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)銷售成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本—汽車銷售成本

              貸:庫存商品

      預(yù)付賬款指買賣雙方協(xié)議商定,由購貨方預(yù)先支付一部分貨款給供應(yīng)方而發(fā)生的一項(xiàng)債權(quán)。預(yù)付賬款一般包括預(yù)付的貨款、預(yù)付的購貨定金。施工企業(yè)的預(yù)付賬款主要包括預(yù)付工程款、預(yù)付備料款等。預(yù)付賬款是預(yù)先付給供貨方客戶的款項(xiàng),也是公司債權(quán)的組成部分。

      作為流動資產(chǎn),預(yù)付賬款不是用貨幣抵償?shù)?,而是要求企業(yè)在短期內(nèi)以某種商品、提供勞務(wù)或服務(wù)來抵償。借方登記企業(yè)向供貨商預(yù)付的貨款,貸方登記企業(yè)收到所購物品應(yīng)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)的預(yù)付貨款,期末借方余額反映企業(yè)向供貨單位預(yù)付而尚未發(fā)出貨物的預(yù)付貨款;本科目期末借方余額,反映企業(yè)預(yù)付的款項(xiàng);期末如為貸方余額,反映企業(yè)尚未補(bǔ)付獲得商品和勞務(wù)的款項(xiàng)。

      預(yù)收賬款是指企業(yè)向購貨方預(yù)收的購貨訂金或部分貨款。預(yù)收賬款是以買賣雙方協(xié)議或合同為依據(jù),由購貨方預(yù)先支付一部分(或全部) 貨款給供應(yīng)方而發(fā)生的一項(xiàng)負(fù)債,這項(xiàng)負(fù)債要用以后的商品或勞務(wù)來償付。

    展開全文
    4S店試駕車出售如何進(jìn)行賬務(wù)處理?
    2020-09-06 14:56:20 7241 瀏覽

      對于4S店出售的試駕車,會計(jì)人員可通過固定資產(chǎn)清理科目進(jìn)行相關(guān)賬務(wù)處理,具體做法是什么?

    試駕車出售賬務(wù)處理

      4S店試駕車出售怎么做賬?

      案例:4S店購進(jìn)一輛試駕車,車款150000(含稅價),交車輛購置稅1500,車船稅200,保險(xiǎn)3500,款已付,兩年后將此試駕車出售,售價100000,車輛的凈殘值5%,按照直線法計(jì)提折舊,相關(guān)的會計(jì)分錄怎么做?

      試駕車購進(jìn)時走固定資產(chǎn)科目:

      借:固定資產(chǎn) 150000

             管理費(fèi)用——車輛購置稅 1500

             管理費(fèi)用——車船稅 200

             管理費(fèi)用——保險(xiǎn) 3500

             貸:銀行存款 155200

      每年折舊數(shù)沒有給出,設(shè)折舊年限為x

      兩年后售出:

      借:固定資產(chǎn)清理 150000-X(在沒有兼職準(zhǔn)備的情況下)

            累計(jì)折舊

            貸:固定資產(chǎn)——試駕車 150000

      銷售舊車時發(fā)生費(fèi)用(增值稅):

      借:固定資產(chǎn)清理

             貸:銀行存款

                   應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(未交稅金)

      借:應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(未交稅金)

            貸:銀行存款

      收到車款:

      借:銀行存款

             貸:固定資產(chǎn)清理

                    應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅

                   營業(yè)外收入

      繳納增值稅:

      借:應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅

            貸:銀行存款

      “固定資產(chǎn)清理”是資產(chǎn)類賬戶,用來核算企業(yè)因出售、報(bào)廢和毀損等原因轉(zhuǎn)入清理的固定資產(chǎn)凈值以及在清理過程中所發(fā)生的清理費(fèi)用和清理收入。借方登記固定資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)入清理的凈值和清理過程中發(fā)生的費(fèi)用;貸方登記出售固定資產(chǎn)的取得的價款、殘料價值和變價收入。其貸方余額表示清理后的凈收益;借方余額表示清理后的凈損失。清理完畢后凈收益轉(zhuǎn)入“營業(yè)外收入”賬戶;凈損失轉(zhuǎn)入“營業(yè)外支出”賬戶。

    展開全文
    ACCA(FM)科目高頻易錯點(diǎn)講解,值得考生收藏!
    2021-01-25 14:30:50 941 瀏覽

      很快又進(jìn)入到2021年新一輪ACCA備考階段,在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)M一向都是重難點(diǎn)比較多的科目,對此,會計(jì)網(wǎng)整理了歷年考試大家經(jīng)常會出錯的??键c(diǎn)內(nèi)容,希望有所幫助。

    ACCA(FM)科目高頻易錯點(diǎn)講解

      FM科目高易錯點(diǎn)講解

      Part E 高頻易錯點(diǎn)

      Part E 與Part F可以放在一起復(fù)習(xí),因?yàn)閏ost of capital 很多計(jì)算邏輯,都是基于Part F的估值邏輯,即任何一個金融資產(chǎn),其市值都等于該金融資產(chǎn)未來產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流折現(xiàn)到今天的現(xiàn)值(market value = Present value of future cash flows)

      WACC的計(jì)算總結(jié)請?jiān)斠娨韵卤砀?,總的來說,WACC屬于萬變不離其宗,所以需要理解公式背后的邏輯。

      特別注意,WACC計(jì)算一定要算稅后的債權(quán)資本成本,永遠(yuǎn)要考慮tax benefit。

      Part F 高頻易錯點(diǎn)

      Part F 與part E邏輯剛好相反,part E是已知market value求折現(xiàn)率(即cost of capital),而part F是已知折現(xiàn)率(cost of capital),求market value。

      很多小可愛的問題在于,為啥我們在part E一直強(qiáng)調(diào)算稅后的cost of capital,到了估值了,怎么做題就用稅前的折現(xiàn)率了。

      現(xiàn)在來回答這個問題哦,到底什么時候用Kdat,什么時候用Kd?(不需要死記硬背,請認(rèn)真理解)

      你有沒有發(fā)覺,在估值(valuation)的時候,我們往往用的是Kd (debt investor’s required rate of return) 沒有特別強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要用Kdat, 但是在計(jì)算WACC的債權(quán)資本的成本的時候,我們一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要算到Kdat, 原因如下:

      在計(jì)算WACC的時候,WACC叫做企業(yè)使用多種融資方式下的加權(quán)資本成本,因此我們要計(jì)算的是,企業(yè)真實(shí)的債權(quán)資本成本。由于企業(yè)使用債券融資,可以抵稅,所以必須要算到Kdat, 才能正確計(jì)算WACC。而現(xiàn)在,我們是在估值,估值更多是站在投資者的角度,投資者并不能抵稅,所以估值的時候多用的是稅前的Kd,同學(xué)們不用死記,只需記住,估值的時候只需保證現(xiàn)金流與折現(xiàn)率相匹配即可(matching principle)。給你什么已知條件,用什么折現(xiàn)率,即稅前現(xiàn)金流對應(yīng)Kd,稅后現(xiàn)金流對應(yīng)Kdat。

      Part G 高頻易錯點(diǎn)

      Part G也是近期特別高頻的考點(diǎn),基本上出現(xiàn)在section B案例選擇題,同時也是大家特別頭痛的章節(jié)。

      其實(shí)part G兩個章節(jié)的思路非常相似,都是管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。首先掌握企業(yè)面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的定義、類型以及產(chǎn)生原因,再學(xué)習(xí)影響該風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的理論解釋,最后學(xué)習(xí)如何具體管理。管理的方法又分成了內(nèi)部的和外部的。大家可以將這兩章對比著來學(xué)習(xí),特別是衍生品的部分,特征,優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)均一致。

      下面講講讓大家頭禿的Part G部分的高頻考點(diǎn)總結(jié):

      對于購買力平價與利率平價理論的應(yīng)用,考試的時候公式會給你,所以只需要分清楚怎么用這個公式即可,第一要分清,購買力平價,即通貨膨脹率影響的是future spot rate (S1), 而利率平價,即利率影響的是forward rate (F0),這個很好分清,因?yàn)榭荚嚂o你公式,你記住F0 指的是forward rate即可。第二一定要記住,這兩個理論一定要time proportion!如果求N個月之后的匯率,一定要記得通貨膨脹率/利率乘以n/12。與之類比,money market hedge計(jì)算中,也需要time proportion。

      衍生品各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),特別是遠(yuǎn)期合約、期貨、期權(quán)互相的對比,是考試特別常考的類型,需要同學(xué)們多練習(xí)與總結(jié)。在這里我們總結(jié)一些??嫉牟糠?。

      首先遠(yuǎn)期合約(forward)是最簡單的,指的是你現(xiàn)在跟銀行約定好的一份合約,合約明確了未來的交易時間、交易數(shù)量和交易價格,是此刻雙方的一份承諾。不管未來當(dāng)時的價格如何,都按照forward定好的價格交易,優(yōu)點(diǎn)是操作簡單,缺點(diǎn)就是forward rate往往不友好且沒有flexibility,哪怕現(xiàn)實(shí)價格朝著對你好的方向波動,都必須履行,不然你就default了,銀行是絕對不允許你違約的。

      future是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的forward,其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體現(xiàn)在交易數(shù)量和交易日期都是固定的,future優(yōu)于forward的點(diǎn)在于,如果不想持有了,可以平倉賣掉,且價格透明(transparent),交易成本低(transaction cost is low),基本上future可以說是衍生品當(dāng)中交易成本最低的了,只需要支付一些傭金即可擁有它,棒不棒?缺點(diǎn)是和forward一樣,并不能享受好的方向的波動,就算現(xiàn)貨市場賺了,期貨市場也會虧掉,一虧一賺,最終還是鎖定成本而已。

      Option就不一樣了,它這個合約僅僅是一份權(quán)利,即如果現(xiàn)實(shí)朝著向你好的方向波動,你可以選擇不行權(quán),此時就能享受favourable movement了,當(dāng)然,你付出的代價是,option premium很貴,而且不管你行權(quán)與否,購買期權(quán)的時候,你都得支付。

      管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的內(nèi)部方法,在選擇題當(dāng)中也出現(xiàn)的很頻繁,對于管理外匯風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方法,可能會出文字題,需要考前過一下關(guān)鍵詞。

      而管理利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同學(xué)們需要區(qū)分管理的方法-smoothing/matching/asset and liability

      Matching is where liabilities and assets with a common interest rate are matched.

      Smoothing is where a company keeps a balance between its fixed rate and floating rate borrowing.

      Asset and liability management can hedge interest rate risk by matching the maturity of assets and liabilities

      以上就是每章特別易錯的部分的總結(jié)啦,另外特別提醒,F(xiàn)M文字題其實(shí)占了section C一半江山,同學(xué)們瘋狂練習(xí)NPV和WACC的時候,不要忘記總結(jié)和背誦文字的理論部分哦。

      來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫

    展開全文
    汽車4s店會計(jì)分錄是什么?
    2021-04-30 22:53:43 3684 瀏覽

      作為汽車4s店的會計(jì)人員,必須熟練掌握關(guān)于汽車銷售的基本賬務(wù)處理。汽車銷售的賬務(wù)處理一般涉及整車銷售和汽車配件的有關(guān)核算,相應(yīng)的會計(jì)分錄該怎么做?

    汽車4s店分錄

      汽車4s店會計(jì)分錄

      一、整車銷售相關(guān)會計(jì)分錄

      1、預(yù)付車款:

      借:預(yù)付賬款

             貸:銀行存款

      2、收到采購發(fā)票:

      借:庫存商品

             應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅)

             貸:預(yù)付賬款

      3、銷售:

      (1)收到預(yù)收款:

      借:銀行存款

             貸:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收車款,

                    其他應(yīng)付款—代收款項(xiàng)(代收客戶驗(yàn)車費(fèi)和購置稅及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))

      (2)開具機(jī)動車發(fā)票:

      借:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收車款

             貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—汽車銷售收入

                    應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

      (3)代客戶繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和購置稅:

      借:其他應(yīng)付款—代收款項(xiàng)

             貸:庫存現(xiàn)金

      (4)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)銷售成本:

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本—汽車銷售成本

             貸:庫存商品

      二、汽車飾品及配件的會計(jì)分錄

      1、飾品、配件購入時

      借:庫存商品—飾品、配件

             應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅 (進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額)

                貸:銀行存款

      2、飾品、配件銷售時

      (1)確認(rèn)收入

      借:應(yīng)收賬款/銀行存款等

             貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—飾品、配件銷售收入

                    應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)一應(yīng)交增值稅 (銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      3、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)配件銷售成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本—飾品、配件成本

             貸:庫存商品—飾品、配件

      主營業(yè)務(wù)成本:指企業(yè)銷售商品、提供勞務(wù)等經(jīng)常性活動所發(fā)生的成本。包括直接材料、直接人工和制造費(fèi)用。企業(yè)一般在確認(rèn)銷售商品、提供勞務(wù)等主營業(yè)務(wù)收入時,或在月末,將已銷售商品、已提供勞務(wù)的成本轉(zhuǎn)入主營業(yè)務(wù)成本。

      主營業(yè)務(wù)收入:指企業(yè)從事本行業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動所取得的營業(yè)收入。主營業(yè)務(wù)收入包括制造業(yè)的銷售產(chǎn)品、半成品和提供工業(yè)性勞務(wù)作業(yè)的收入;商品流通企業(yè)的銷售商品收入;旅游服務(wù)業(yè)的門票收入、客戶收入、餐飲收入等。

    展開全文
    4s店維修費(fèi)用的會計(jì)分錄是什么?
    2021-04-30 22:08:35 2385 瀏覽

      4s店發(fā)生的汽車維修費(fèi)用,一般分為三包期內(nèi)的免費(fèi)維修和收費(fèi)維修兩種情況。不同情況下,相應(yīng)的會計(jì)分錄處理也有所不同。

    4S店維修費(fèi)分錄

      4s店維修費(fèi)用如何做會計(jì)分錄?

      1、三包期內(nèi)的免費(fèi)維修

      借:銷售費(fèi)用-維修費(fèi)

             貸:銀行存款(或庫存現(xiàn)金、原材料等科目)

      2、收費(fèi)維修

      借:銀行存款(或庫存現(xiàn)金、應(yīng)收賬款等科目)

             貸:其他業(yè)務(wù)收入

                    應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)-應(yīng)交增值稅-銷項(xiàng)稅額

      借:其他業(yè)務(wù)成本

             貸:銀行存款(或庫存現(xiàn)金、原材料等科目)

      維修費(fèi)會計(jì)分錄

      維修費(fèi)用計(jì)入管理費(fèi)用、銷售費(fèi)用科目:

      借:管理費(fèi)用/銷售費(fèi)用

             貸:銀行存款

      管理費(fèi)用和銷售費(fèi)用是什么?

      管理費(fèi)用,是指企業(yè)為組織和管理生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營發(fā)生的各種費(fèi)用,包括:

      1、企業(yè)在籌建期間內(nèi)發(fā)生的開辦費(fèi)。

      2、董事會和行政管理部門在企業(yè)的經(jīng)營管理中發(fā)生的以及應(yīng)由企業(yè)統(tǒng)一負(fù)擔(dān)的公司經(jīng)費(fèi)(包括行政管理部門職工薪酬、物料消耗、低值易耗品攤銷、辦公費(fèi)和差旅費(fèi)等)。

      3、行政管理部門負(fù)擔(dān)的工會經(jīng)費(fèi)。

      4、董事會費(fèi)(包括董事會成員津貼、會議費(fèi)和差旅費(fèi)等)。

      5、聘請中介機(jī)構(gòu)費(fèi)。

      6、咨詢費(fèi)(含顧問費(fèi))。

      7、訴訟費(fèi)、業(yè)務(wù)招待費(fèi)、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓費(fèi)、研究費(fèi)用等。

      8、企業(yè)生產(chǎn)車間(部門)和行政管理部門發(fā)生的固定資產(chǎn)修理費(fèi)用等后續(xù)支出。

      銷售費(fèi)用是指企業(yè)銷售商品和材料、提供勞務(wù)的過程中發(fā)生的各種費(fèi)用,包括:

      1、企業(yè)在銷售商品過程中發(fā)生的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)、包裝費(fèi)、展覽費(fèi)和廣告費(fèi)、商品維修費(fèi)、預(yù)計(jì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量保證損失、運(yùn)輸費(fèi)、裝卸費(fèi)等。

      2、為銷售本企業(yè)商品而專設(shè)的銷售機(jī)構(gòu)(含銷售網(wǎng)點(diǎn)、售后服務(wù)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)等)的職工薪酬、業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)、折舊費(fèi)等經(jīng)營費(fèi)用。

      3、企業(yè)發(fā)生的與專設(shè)銷售機(jī)構(gòu)相關(guān)的固定資產(chǎn)修理費(fèi)用等后續(xù)支出。

    展開全文
    4S店銷售汽車如何做賬務(wù)處理?
    2021-05-20 16:41:20 3307 瀏覽

      隨著社會生活水平的提高,越來越多人選擇購買車輛作為代步工具。對于4s店而言,銷售汽車時應(yīng)該如何做賬務(wù)處理?

    銷售汽車做賬

      4S店銷售汽車的會計(jì)分錄

      1、采用預(yù)收款方式銷售時

      (1)收到預(yù)收款:

      借:銀行存款

        貸:預(yù)收賬款——預(yù)收車款

          其他應(yīng)付款——代收款項(xiàng)(代收客戶驗(yàn)車費(fèi)和購置稅及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))

      (2)開具機(jī)動車發(fā)票:

      借:預(yù)收賬款——預(yù)收車款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——汽車銷售收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      (3)代付客戶繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和購置稅:

      借:其他應(yīng)付款——代收款項(xiàng)

        貸:庫存現(xiàn)金/銀行存款

     ?。?)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)銷售成本:

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本——汽車銷售成本

        貸:庫存商品

      2、如果4S店通過給客戶貸款的方式,其賬務(wù)處理如下

     ?。?)銷售時:

      借:庫存現(xiàn)金/銀行存款(首付款部分)

        應(yīng)收賬款(貸款部分)

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

     ?。?)收到銀行發(fā)放的貸款時:

      借:銀行存款

        貸:短期借款——xx銀行

     ?。?)每月,客戶還款(包括每月的本金及利息):

      借:庫存現(xiàn)金/銀行存款

        貸:應(yīng)收賬款

          其他應(yīng)付款——應(yīng)付貸款利息

      (4)客戶還款還入銀行:

      借:短期借款——xx銀行

        其他應(yīng)付款——應(yīng)付貸款利息

        貸:庫存現(xiàn)金/銀行存款

      什么是主營業(yè)務(wù)收入?

      主營業(yè)務(wù)收入是指企業(yè)從事本行業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動所取得的營業(yè)收入。主營業(yè)務(wù)收入根據(jù)各行業(yè)企業(yè)所從事的不同活動而有所區(qū)別,如工業(yè)企業(yè)的主營業(yè)務(wù)收入指“產(chǎn)品銷售收入”;建筑業(yè)企業(yè)的主營業(yè)務(wù)收入指“工程結(jié)算收入”;交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)企業(yè)的主營業(yè)務(wù)收入指“交通運(yùn)輸收入”;房地產(chǎn)業(yè)企業(yè)的主營業(yè)務(wù)收入指“房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)營收入”等。

    展開全文
    汽車4S店索賠和保養(yǎng)如何寫會計(jì)分錄?
    2021-05-26 19:19:23 547 瀏覽

      4S店是以“四位一體”為核心的汽車特許經(jīng)營模式,包括整車銷售、零配件、售后服務(wù)、信息反饋等。4S店發(fā)生索賠和保養(yǎng)業(yè)務(wù)時,相關(guān)的會計(jì)分錄怎么做?

    汽車4s索賠與保養(yǎng)分錄

      汽車4S店索賠和保養(yǎng)的會計(jì)分錄

      一、整車銷售

      1、預(yù)付車款

      借:預(yù)付賬款

        貸:銀行存款

      2、收到采購發(fā)票

      借:庫存商品

        應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅)

        貸:預(yù)付賬款

      3、銷售

     ?。?)收到預(yù)收款:

      借:銀行存款

        貸:預(yù)收賬款——預(yù)收車款

          其他應(yīng)付款——代收款項(xiàng)(代收客戶驗(yàn)車費(fèi)和購置稅及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))

      (2)開具機(jī)動車發(fā)票:

      借:預(yù)收賬款——預(yù)收車款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——汽車銷售收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

     ?。?)代客戶繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和購置稅:

      借:其他應(yīng)付款——代收款項(xiàng)

        貸:庫存現(xiàn)金

      (4)代客戶付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi):

      借:其他應(yīng)付款——代收款項(xiàng)

        貸:銀行存款

      4、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)銷售成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本——汽車銷售成本

        貸:庫存商品

      二、精品銷售

     ?。?)開具增值稅發(fā)票

      借:預(yù)收賬款——預(yù)收車款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——精品裝飾收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

      (2)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)裝飾成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本——精品裝飾成本

        貸:庫存商品

      三、配件銷售

     ?。?)配件購入

      借:庫存商品——配件

        應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅)

        貸:銀行存款

     ?。?)配件銷售

      借:應(yīng)收賬款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——配件銷售收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

     ?。?)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)配件銷售成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本

        貸:庫存商品

      四、保險(xiǎn)理賠

     ?。?)一般關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)公司理賠維修先掛賬

      借:應(yīng)收賬款——**保險(xiǎn)公司

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——維修收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

      (2)保險(xiǎn)公司回款

      借:銀行存款

        貸:應(yīng)收賬款——**保險(xiǎn)公司

          其他應(yīng)付款——退三者修理費(fèi)

     ?。?)退三者修理費(fèi)

      借:其他應(yīng)付款——退三者修理費(fèi)

        貸:庫存現(xiàn)金

     ?。?)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)維修成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本——維修

        貸:庫存商品——配件

          應(yīng)付職工薪酬

      五、售后維修

     ?。?)收到預(yù)收維修款

      借:銀行存款

        貸:預(yù)收賬款——預(yù)收維修款

      (2)開具維修發(fā)票

      借:預(yù)收賬款——預(yù)收維修款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——維修收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

     ?。?)結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)維修成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本——維修成本

        貸:庫存商品

          應(yīng)付職工薪酬

      六、保修保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用

     ?。?)發(fā)生保修保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用

      借;應(yīng)收賬款——廠家

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——配件銷售收入

          主營業(yè)務(wù)收入——工時收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)——應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅)

      (2)收到廠家確認(rèn)電傳文件

      借:預(yù)付賬款

        貸:應(yīng)收賬款——廠家

      什么是預(yù)收賬款?

      預(yù)收賬款是指企業(yè)向購貨方預(yù)收的購貨訂金或部分貨款。

      預(yù)付賬款是什么?

      預(yù)付賬款是指企業(yè)按照購貨合同的規(guī)定,預(yù)先以貨幣資金或貨幣等價物支付供應(yīng)單位的款項(xiàng)。

    展開全文
    4s店銷售汽車會計(jì)分錄怎么做?
    2021-08-06 22:42:33 1331 瀏覽

      汽車4s店的主要業(yè)務(wù)分為:整車銷售、精品銷售、配件銷售、保險(xiǎn)理賠、售后維修、保修保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用等,關(guān)于這些業(yè)務(wù)具體的會計(jì)分錄是什么?

    汽車銷售會計(jì)分錄

      4s店銷售汽車的會計(jì)分錄

      一、整車銷售

      1、預(yù)付車款

      借:預(yù)付賬款

        貸:銀行存款

      2、收到采購發(fā)票

      借:庫存商品

        應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額)

        貸:預(yù)付賬款/銀行存款

      3、銷售汽車

     ?。?)收到預(yù)收款

      借:銀行存款

        貸:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收車款

          其他應(yīng)付款—代收款項(xiàng)(代收客戶驗(yàn)車費(fèi)和購置稅及保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))

      2、開具機(jī)動車發(fā)票

      借:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收車款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—汽車銷售收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      3、代客戶繳納保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)和購置稅

      借:其他應(yīng)付款—代收款項(xiàng)

        貸:庫存現(xiàn)金/銀行存款

      4、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)銷售成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本—汽車銷售成本

        貸:庫存商品

      二、精品裝飾銷售

      1、開具增值稅發(fā)票

      借:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收車款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—精品裝飾收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      2、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)裝飾成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本—精品裝飾成本

        貸:庫存商品

      三、配件銷售

      1、配件購入

      借:庫存商品—配件

        應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(進(jìn)項(xiàng)稅額)

        貸:銀行存款

      2、配件銷售

      借:應(yīng)收賬款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—配件銷售收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      3、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)配件銷售成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本

        貸:庫存商品

      四、保險(xiǎn)理賠

      1、一般關(guān)于保險(xiǎn)公司理賠維修先掛賬

      借:應(yīng)收賬款—XX保險(xiǎn)公司

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—維修收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      2、保險(xiǎn)公司回款(保險(xiǎn)公司回款其中有部分款是退三者的修理費(fèi))

      借:銀行存款

        貸:應(yīng)收賬款—XX保險(xiǎn)公司

          其他應(yīng)付款

      3、退三者修理費(fèi)

      借:其他應(yīng)付款—退三者修理費(fèi)

        貸:庫存現(xiàn)金

      4、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)維修成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本—維修

        貸:庫存商品—配件

          應(yīng)付職工薪酬

      五、售后維修

      1、收到預(yù)收維修款

      借:銀行存款

        貸:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收維修款

      2、開具維修發(fā)票

      借:預(yù)收賬款—預(yù)收維修款

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—維修收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      3、結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)維修成本

      借:主營業(yè)務(wù)成本—維修成本

        貸:庫存商品

          應(yīng)付職工薪酬

      六、保修保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用

      1、發(fā)生保修保養(yǎng)費(fèi)用

      借:應(yīng)收賬款—廠家

        貸:主營業(yè)務(wù)收入—配件銷售收入—工時收入

          應(yīng)交稅費(fèi)—應(yīng)交增值稅(銷項(xiàng)稅額)

      2、收到廠家確認(rèn)電傳文件

      借:預(yù)付賬款

        貸:應(yīng)收賬款—廠家

      什么是預(yù)付賬款?

      預(yù)付賬款是指企業(yè)按照購貨合同的規(guī)定,預(yù)先以貨幣資金或貨幣等價物支付供應(yīng)單位的款項(xiàng)。在日常核算中,預(yù)付賬款按實(shí)際付出的金額入賬,如商品采購貨款、預(yù)付的材料等。

    展開全文
    ACCA(F9)核心考點(diǎn)解析:Financial Market
    2021-08-19 14:48:11 1231 瀏覽

      在ACCA考試中,F(xiàn)9階段有一個核心高頻考點(diǎn)一直讓考生們比較難理解的,這個考點(diǎn)就是“Financial Market”,對此,會計(jì)網(wǎng)今天就跟大家詳解這個考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。

    ACCA(F9)核心考點(diǎn)解析

      在學(xué)習(xí)financial market時,我們主要需要掌握三種不同類型的劃分。

      第三章之初我們知道了financial market是direct finance的市場,現(xiàn)在來細(xì)看一下。

    ACCA(F9)核心考點(diǎn)解析

      按融資時間長度來分,分為money market--貨幣市場,和capital market--資本市場。股權(quán)融資/債務(wù)融資。貨幣市場主要是銀行的天下,但大型的企業(yè)和政府也會參與。金融工具的期限小于一年,基本上是debt finance,通過債券進(jìn)行融資。

      其中最安全的就是Treasury bill國債。其次為定期存單,是由銀行發(fā)行的。最早美國的利率是固定的,后來花旗銀行發(fā)明了CD,特征是大額的,短期的;接下來是信用等級比較高的公司發(fā)行的匯票和一般商業(yè)匯票。

      另一面是資本市場,金融工具的到期時間大于一年,長期性質(zhì)的融資,包含debt finance和equity finance,股權(quán)融資通常都是在資本市場進(jìn)行的。

      在資本市場中的金融產(chǎn)品,安全系數(shù)最高的就是debenture公司信用債券,其次是無擔(dān)保的垃圾債,即評級低的債券,之后是在主板市場交易的股票,最后是AIM (Alternative investment market)發(fā)行的股票,在我國主要是指新三板。

    ACCA(F9)核心考點(diǎn)解析

      一二級市場主要是根據(jù)市場活躍主體的不同而進(jìn)行區(qū)別的一種方法。不同行業(yè)的一二級市場概念與分類都不一樣。

      在金融行業(yè),一級市場(Primary Market/ New Issue Market)是籌集資金的公司或政府機(jī)構(gòu)將其新發(fā)行的股票和債券等證券銷售給最初購買者的金融市場。

      二級市場(security/secondary market)即證券交易市場也稱證券流通市場、次級市場,是指對已經(jīng)發(fā)行的證券進(jìn)行買賣,轉(zhuǎn)讓和流通的市場。在二級市場上銷售證券的收入屬于出售證券的投資者,而不屬于發(fā)行該證券的公司。所以一級市場主要是發(fā)行者和承銷商的交易;二級市場主要是投資者之間的交易。

    ACCA(F9)核心考點(diǎn)解析

      場內(nèi)交易和場外交易指的是進(jìn)行證券交易的場所之差別,其主要區(qū)別在于:

     ?、?場內(nèi)交易有固定的場所(證券交易所),在固定的時間、按一定規(guī)則進(jìn)行;場外交易沒有固定的場所和固定的時間,通過電話也可以成交。

     ?、? 場內(nèi)交易是一種競價交易方式,是按最高還價或最低還價成交的,證券價格的確定是公開拍賣的結(jié)果;場外交易是隨行就市,通過買賣雙方討價還價,直接協(xié)商決定成交價格,采用議價交易方式。

     ?、?場內(nèi)交易一般多是以100股為單位數(shù)量的整股交易,場外交易則比較分散、靈活、零星。

      ④ 場內(nèi)交易市場僅買賣已上市的股票(即符合交易所規(guī)定并在交易所注冊的股票);場外交易既可買賣上市股票,也可買賣未上市的股票。

      來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫

    展開全文
    2023年CFA二級考綱出爐,這些科目變化大要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注!
    2022-08-25 17:25:28 877 瀏覽

      2023年CFA二級考試大綱已經(jīng)發(fā)布出來了,各科目考試權(quán)重和去年一致,雖然有新增部分,但也有部分考綱被刪除,整體難度并沒有增加,所以大家也不用恐慌。我們來看看吧。

    2023年CFA二級考綱出爐

    CFA二級考綱變動說明

      1. 各科目考試權(quán)重和去年一致,沒有發(fā)生變化

    2023年CFA二級考綱出爐

      2. 取消了之前Reading的概念,改為了現(xiàn)在的module,從而更好地與官網(wǎng)學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)契合。

    CFA二級考綱變動詳情

      1. 考綱細(xì)則無變動的科目

      固收:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。

      道德:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module。考綱細(xì)則無變動。

      衍生:原來的2個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為2個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動,僅順序有一定微調(diào)。

      經(jīng)濟(jì):原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。僅將原Reading 7 Economic growth and the investment decision的標(biāo)題變成Learning Module 2 Economic growth,考綱細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容無變動。

      另類:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module。考綱細(xì)則無變動。但新考綱Module 3 LOS a-b,將原考綱k, l中對REITS的描述改為publicly traded real estate securities。

      2. 考綱細(xì)則刪除的科目

      組合:原來的7個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。

      原Reading 42 Economics and investment markets對應(yīng)的是Learning Module 5。

      其中刪除了一條考綱k describe how economic analysis is used in sector rotation strategies。

      權(quán)益:原來的8個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。

      刪除Reading 21 Return concepts收益概念和Reading 22 Industry and company analysis公司和行業(yè)分析,其余部分考綱細(xì)則不變,僅考綱順序進(jìn)行了微調(diào)。

      3. 考綱細(xì)則新增的科目

      財(cái)報(bào):原來的6個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。

      新增考綱:Financial Statement Modeling財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表建模

      全章節(jié)新增,部分內(nèi)容與2022年權(quán)益Reading 22 Industry and company analysis行業(yè)和公司分析接近。

      新增考綱細(xì)則如下:

      (1)compare top-down, bottom-up, and hybrid approaches for developing inputs to equity valuation models

      (2)compare “growth relative to GDP growth” and “market growth and market share” approaches to forecasting revenue

      (3)evaluate whether economies of scale are present in an industry by analyzing operating margins and sales levels

      (4)demonstrate methods to forecast cost of goods sold and operating expenses

      (5)demonstrate methods to forecast non-operating items, financing costs, and income taxes

      (6)describe approaches to balance sheet modeling

      (7)demonstrate the development of a sales-based pro forma company model

      (8)explain how behavioral factors affect analyst forecasts and recommend remedial actions for analyst biases

      (9)explain how competitive factors affect prices and costs

      (10)evaluate the competitive position of a company based on a Porter’s five forces analysis

      (11)explain how to forecast industry and company sales and costs when they are subject to price inflation or deflation

      (12)evaluate the effects of technological developments on demand, selling prices, costs, and margins

      (13)explain considerations in the choice of an explicit forecast horizon

      (14)explain an analyst’s choices in developing projections beyond the short-term forecast horizon

      數(shù)量:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。

      刪除原Reading 1 Introduction to linear regression一元線性回歸內(nèi)容下放到一級數(shù)量中的最后一個模塊。

      原Reading 2 Multiple regression多元回歸內(nèi)容拆分成4個模塊module 1-module 4。

      與原Reading 2考綱細(xì)節(jié)做比對,考綱的順序、表示和知識點(diǎn)都有較大變化,部分考綱進(jìn)行了拆分,變化結(jié)果如下:

      考綱刪除3條:

      (1)formulate a null and an alternative hypothesis about the population value of. a regression coefficient, calculate the value of the test statistic, and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis at a given level of significance;

      (2)interpret the results of hypothesis tests of regression coefficients;

      (3)evaluate and interpret a multiple regression model and its results.

      考綱新增2條:

      (1)describe the types of investment problems addressed by multiple linear regression and the regression process

      (2)describe influence analysis and methods of detecting influential data points

      原Reading 4對應(yīng)的是module 6。其中新增了一條考綱f describe supervised machine learning, unsupervised machine learning, and deep learning.

      公司金融:考綱變動最大的科目。原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。

      刪除原Reading 15 Capital Structure資本結(jié)構(gòu)章節(jié)和Reading 19 Capital Budgeting資本預(yù)算章節(jié),精簡并下放到一級。

      新增:Cost of Capital: Advanced Topics

      新增考綱細(xì)則如下:

      (1)explain top-down and bottom-up factors that impact the cost of capital

      (2)Compare methods used to estimate the cost of debt.

      (3)explain historical and forward-looking approaches to estimating an equity risk

      premium

      (4)compare methods used to estimate the required return on equity

      (5)estimate the cost of debt or required return on equity for a public company and a private company

      (6)evaluate a company’s capital structure and cost of capital relative to peers

      原Reading 18 Measures and Acquisitions兼并收購章節(jié)調(diào)整為Learnings Module 4 Corporate Restructurings企業(yè)重組,章節(jié)內(nèi)容完全重寫,新增內(nèi)容為各種公司重組事件、他們的分析和納入財(cái)務(wù)模型的預(yù)測和估值。

      企業(yè)重組模塊考綱細(xì)則如下:

      (1)explain types of corporate restructurings and issuers’ motivations for pursuing them

      (2)explain the initial evaluation of a corporate restructuring

      (3)demonstrate valuation methods for, and interpret valuations of, companies involved in corporate restructurings

      (4)demonstrate how corporate restructurings affect an issuer’s EPS, net debt to EBITDA ratio, and weighted average cost of capital

      (5)evaluate corporate investment actions, including equity investments, joint ventures, and acquisitions

      (6)evaluate corporate divestment actions, including sales and spin offsevaluate cost and balance sheet restructurings

    CFA二級考綱變動總結(jié)

      雖然CFA二級考綱中有新增的部分,但也有部分考綱被刪除,整體難度并沒有增加,所以大家也不用恐慌。

      對于備考新手來說,無需太過關(guān)注之前的考綱,只需要按照新考綱去備考即可。

      對于“二戰(zhàn)”考生來說,則需要關(guān)注一下組合和權(quán)益科目中刪除的考綱,避免增加學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)。此外需要特別注意:財(cái)報(bào)、數(shù)量和公金科目,尤其是變動幅度最大的公金。

      本文由高頓金融分析師原創(chuàng)編輯,作者:向俊。

    展開全文
    swot分析法中s代表的是
    2022-08-30 09:54:43 3507 瀏覽

      swot分析法中的s代表的是企業(yè)內(nèi)部優(yōu)勢,是能給企業(yè)帶來重要競爭優(yōu)勢的積極因素或獨(dú)特能力。SWOT分析是一種綜合考慮企業(yè)內(nèi)部條件和外部環(huán)境的各種因素,進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)評價,從而選擇最佳經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略的方法。

    swot分析法

      SWOT分析實(shí)際上是將對企業(yè)內(nèi)外部條件各方面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行綜合和概括,分析企業(yè)的優(yōu)劣勢、面臨的機(jī)會和威脅,進(jìn)而幫助企業(yè)進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略選擇的一種方法。

      SWOT分析法中的英文分別指什么?

      SWOT分析法中的英文分別指:S是指企業(yè)內(nèi)部的優(yōu)勢,W是指企業(yè)內(nèi)部的劣勢,O是指企業(yè)外部環(huán)境中的機(jī)會,T是指企業(yè)外部環(huán)境中的威脅。

      swot介析法四個步驟是什么?

      swot介析法四個步驟分別是:

      1、分析環(huán)境因素:利用各種調(diào)查研究方法,分析出公司所處的各種環(huán)境因素,即外部環(huán)境因素和內(nèi)部能力因素。在調(diào)查分析這些因素時,不僅要考慮到公司的歷中與現(xiàn)狀,而且要考慮公司的未來發(fā)展。

      2、構(gòu)造SWOT矩陣:將調(diào)查得出的各種因素根據(jù)輕重緩急或影響程度等排序方式,構(gòu)造SWOT矩陣。

      3、制定行動計(jì)劃:在完成環(huán)境因素分析和SWOT矩陣的構(gòu)造后,便可以制定出相應(yīng)的行動計(jì)劃。

      4、考慮過去,立足當(dāng)前,著眼未來:運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)分析的綜合分析方法,將排列與考慮的各種環(huán)境因素相互匹配起來加以組合,得出一系列公司未來發(fā)展的可選擇對策。

      SWOT分析法中的威脅包括什么?

      SWOT分析法中的威脅包括新的競爭對手;替代產(chǎn)品增多;市場緊縮;行業(yè)政策變化;經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退;客戶偏好改變;突發(fā)事件等。威脅也是組織機(jī)構(gòu)的外部因素。

      SWOT分析法中的機(jī)會包括什么?

      SWOT分析法中的機(jī)會包括新產(chǎn)品;新市場;新需求;外國市場壁壘解除;競爭對手失誤等。機(jī)會是組織機(jī)構(gòu)的外部因素。

    展開全文
    ACCA F7考試知識點(diǎn):合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表疑難解析part2
    2022-10-14 15:20:32 1208 瀏覽

      ACCA F7是ACCA中其中一門科目,現(xiàn)在給大家進(jìn)行知識點(diǎn)解析:“合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表”,一共分為三部分,這是第二部分,幫助大家對逐個擊破合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表中的“疑難雜癥”。另外,合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表疑難解析part1合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表疑難解析part3分別點(diǎn)擊紅色字體即可查看哦。

    ACCA F7考試知識點(diǎn):合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表疑難解析part2

      F7.合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表(consideration transferred)主要討論

      所謂consideration(對價)

      在合并中用大白話解釋就是投資方為了獲得被投資方的股權(quán)所付出的代價。我們需要做的就是給這個“代價”確定一個合適價值。對于本知識點(diǎn)的考察,既可以像以往考試出現(xiàn)在合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的大題,也可以單獨(dú)以選擇題,可以說是每次考試必考的內(nèi)容。

      在實(shí)務(wù)中,合并的對價多種多樣,有直接支付現(xiàn)金的;有拿股權(quán)置換的;也有以非貨幣性資產(chǎn)投資的等等。在考試中,通常考察下列四類合并對價的類型

      ※逐一展開說明:

      【類型1:土豪型,不差錢】

      直接支付現(xiàn)金購買被投資方股權(quán)(Cash consideration以現(xiàn)金作為合并對價)

      這種土豪支付方式會計(jì)處理也最簡單。

      舉個栗子:

      P公司于2016年1月1日支付USD100 m購買S公司90%的股權(quán),對S公司形成了控制。此時,作為購買方的P的賬務(wù)處理如下

      Dr.Investment—Company S 100 m

      Cr.Bank 100 m

      很簡單,Consideration transferred就是100m

      【類型2:差點(diǎn)錢】

      以發(fā)行權(quán)益性證券為合并對價

      這種方式也成為shareexchange(換股合并),類似于我們常說的“定向增發(fā)”

      舉例說明:

      On1 October 20X5 P purchased 75%of the equity shares in S.Theacquisition was through a share exchange of two shares in P for everythree shares in S.The stock market price of P’s shares at 1October 20X5 was$4 per share.The number of ordinary shares of S atdate of acquisition is 160,000.

      本例中:

      P公司通過發(fā)行股份獲取了S公司75%的股權(quán)。那么為了這75%S的股權(quán),P究竟付出了多少代價呢?

      根據(jù)題目信息,P所付出的代價是以購買日P公司的股價乘以其向S公司發(fā)行的股票的數(shù)量所確定的價值。那么P到底發(fā)行了多少數(shù)量的股票呢?

      首先P獲得了S75%的股份75%×160,000=120,000股,然后按照2換3的比例發(fā)行股票(也就是說每獲取S公司3股P公司就要發(fā)行2股),這樣可以求得P公司要發(fā)行股票的數(shù)量為:120,000/3×2=80,000股。最后再乘以P公司在購買日的股價即可得出P公司所付出的對價=80,000×$4=$320,000。

      用會計(jì)分錄來表示

      FV of consideration via share exchange

      160,000X75%X2/3X$4=320,000

    用會計(jì)分錄來表示

      【類型3:磨嘰型的】

      Deferred consideration遞延對價

      簡單說來就是,現(xiàn)在投資方囊中羞澀,只能先支付一部分對價,剩下的部分則需緩一緩再支付。只要雙方你情我愿,這本身沒什么問題,但是考生需要注意,這延期支付的部分需要考慮資金的時間價值,也就是說需要考慮折現(xiàn)discounting的因素(除非題目明確表示忽略折現(xiàn)),一般題目中會給出相應(yīng)的折現(xiàn)率(F7的考試中,考生不會被要求自己計(jì)算折現(xiàn)率)。

      還是來個栗子:

      CompanyP acquired 75%of the Company S’s 80m$1 shares on 1 January20X6.It paid$3.50 per share and agreed to pay a further$108m on 1January 20X7.Company P's cost of capital is 8%.

      在購買日丨P公司確定的合并對價分為兩部分:

      一部分是現(xiàn)在按照3.50每股乘以其獲得的S股份數(shù)量確定的現(xiàn)金對價=80m*75%*$3.50=210m。另一部分則是在一年后支付108m,該部分按照8%的折現(xiàn)率折現(xiàn)=108/(1+8%)=100m。所以在合并日,P公司支付的對價合計(jì)為310m。

      當(dāng)然,在合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的大題中,題目要求準(zhǔn)備的合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表往往是年末的報(bào)表。那么,剛才在合并日的折現(xiàn)需要在期末考慮計(jì)提利息。在本例中,由于遞延期只有一年,故期末需要計(jì)提的利息為100m*8%=$8m。

      【類型4:帶點(diǎn)忽悠性質(zhì)的】

      Contingent consideration或有對價

      從字面上不難看出這個所謂“或有”就是或者有,或者沒有。是不是有點(diǎn)像“畫大餅”的感覺呢?簡而言之就是支付一部分對價,還有一部分到底支付還是不支付則要看被投資方未來的表現(xiàn),表現(xiàn)好了達(dá)到預(yù)先設(shè)定的目標(biāo)了就支付,反之則不支付。

      我們來看個栗子,看著長,其實(shí)很簡單哦~

      On1 April 20X0 Pi cant acquired 75%of Sander’s equity shares in ashare exchange of three shares in Picant for every two shares inSander.The market prices of Picant’s and Sander’s sharesat the date of acquisition were$3.20 and$4.50 respectively.

      Inaddition to this Picant agreed to pay a further amount on 1 April20X1 that was contingent upon the post-acquisition performance of¥Sander.At the date of acquisition Picant assessed the fair value of thiscontingent consideration at$4·2 million,but by 31 March 20X1it was clear that the actual amount to be paid would be only$2·7million(ignore discounting).Picant has recorded the share exchangeand provided for the initial estimate of$4·2 million for thecontingent consideration.The number of ordinary shares of Sander is8,000,000 at date of acquisition.

      EXAMPLE:

      本例中

      合并對價有兩部分,一部分是我們之前說過的換股合并,這里不再贅述。另一部分則是或有對價。相關(guān)的國際會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則要求購買方(Picant)應(yīng)當(dāng)將合并協(xié)議約定的或有對價作為企業(yè)合并轉(zhuǎn)移對價的一部分,按照其在購買日的公允價值計(jì)入企業(yè)合并成本。

      換股合并對價部分=8,000,000x75%x3/2x$3.2=$28,800,000。

      對于或有對價部分,我們需要按照其在購買日的公允價值計(jì)入企業(yè)合并成本。那么公允價值到底是$4.2m還是$2.7m呢?答案是$4.2m,因?yàn)樵搩r值才是在購買日評估的公允價值,至于這個價值后續(xù)是否發(fā)生變動并不影響或有對價在購買日這天的公允價值,因?yàn)檫@個4.2m是基于購買日這天所能獲得的信息做出的最佳估計(jì)。

      所以在合并日,P公司支付的對價合計(jì)為28.8m+4.2m=$33m

      最后要說:

      以上四類合并對價的確定是考生們100%需要掌握的內(nèi)容,該部分并不難,也是考官有心送分給你的部分,當(dāng)然送的分?jǐn)?shù)考生們得接住了。

    展開全文
    CQF的高級選修課有哪些?附課程介紹
    2023-01-04 17:59:49 566 瀏覽

      CQF的高級選修課有:算法交易、高級計(jì)算方法、高級風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理、高級波動率模型、基于Python的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)、高級投資組合管理、交易對手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型、量化中的行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、基于R語言的量化金融分析、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算、金融科技、C++編程。

    CQF高級選修課

      CQF整個項(xiàng)目的主要包含核心課程和高級選修課程,核心課程是Model 1-Model 6,在Model 6模塊學(xué)習(xí)完后,還有上述的12門高級選修課,每位學(xué)員可以選擇2門自己感興趣的課程內(nèi)容進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),高級選修課的內(nèi)容和CQF的Final Project考試課題是相關(guān)的,因?yàn)镕inal Project的多個考試課題中,大部分是來自高級選修的課題,如果你想在Final Project考試中做一個你擅長的課題,那么在高級選修課中就選擇相關(guān)課題進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),就一舉兩得了。

    CQF高級選修課的課程介紹

      CQF的高級選修課的課程介紹如下:

      1、算法交易(Algorithmic Trading)

      The use of algorithms has become an important element of modern-day financial markets,used by both the buy side and sell side.This elective will look into the techniques used by quantitative professionals who work within the area.

      算法的使用已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代金融市場的一個重要元素,買方和賣方都在使用。這門選修課將研究在該領(lǐng)域工作的定量專家使用的技術(shù)。

      What is Algorithmic Trading

      Preparing data;Back testing,analysing results and optimisation

      Build your own algorithm

      Alternative approaches:Paris trading Options;New Analytics

      A career in Algorithmic trading

      2、高級計(jì)算方法(Advanced Computational Methods)

      One key skill for anyone who works within quantitative finance is how to use technology to solve complex mathematical problems.This elective will look into advanced computational techniques for solving and implementing math in an efficient and succinct manner,ensuring that the right techniques are used for the right problems.

      對于任何從事量化金融工作的人來說,一個關(guān)鍵技能是如何使用技術(shù)解決復(fù)雜的數(shù)學(xué)問題。這門選修課將研究先進(jìn)的計(jì)算技術(shù),以高效和簡潔的方式解決和實(shí)施數(shù)學(xué),確保正確的技術(shù)用于正確的問題。

      Finite Difference Methods(algebraic approach)and application to BVP

      Root finding

      Interpolation

      Numerical Integration

      3、高級風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理(Advanced Risk Management)

      In this elective,we will explore some of the recent developments in Quantitative Risk Management.We take as a point of departure the paradigms on how market risk is conceived and measured,both in the banking industry(Expected Shortfall)and under the new Basel regulatory frameworks(Fundamentals Review of the Trading Book,New Minimum,Capital of Market Risk).

      在這門選修課中,我們將探討量化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的一些最新發(fā)展。我們以如何在銀行業(yè)(預(yù)期虧空)和新的巴塞爾監(jiān)管框架(交易賬簿基本回顧,新的最小值,市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本)下構(gòu)思和衡量市場風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的范例為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。

      Review of new developments on market risk management and measurement

      Explore the use of extreme value of theory(EVT)

      Explore adjoint automatic differentiation

      4、高級波動率模型(Advanced Volatility Modeling)

      Volatility and being able to model volatility is a key element to any quant model.This elective will look into the common techniques used to model volatility throughout the industry.It will provide the mathematics and numerical methods for solving problems in stochastic volatility.

      波動率和能夠?qū)Σ▌勇蔬M(jìn)行建模是任何量化模型的關(guān)鍵要素。本選修課將研究用于模擬整個行業(yè)的波動率的常用技術(shù)。它將提供解決隨機(jī)波動率問題的數(shù)學(xué)和數(shù)值方法。

      Fourier Transforms

      Functions of a Complex Variable

      Stochastic Volatility

      Jump Diffusion

      5、基于Python的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)(Machine Learning with Python)

      This elective will focus on Machine Learning and deep learning with Python applied to Finance.We will focus on techniques to retrieve financial data from open data sources.

      這門選修課將側(cè)重于使用Python在機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)和深度學(xué)習(xí)在金融中的應(yīng)用。我們將重點(diǎn)介紹從開源數(shù)據(jù)中檢索財(cái)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù)。

      Using linear OLS regression to predict financial prices&returns

      Using scikit-learn for machine learning with Python

      Application to the pricing of the American options by Monte Carlo simulation

      Applying logistic regression to classification problems

      Predicting stock market returns as a classification problem

      Using TensorFlow for deep learning with Python

      Using deep learning for predicting stock market returns

      6、高級投資組合管理(Advanced Portfolio Management)

      As quantitative finance becomes more important in today’s financial markets,many buyside firms are using quantitative techniques to improve their returns and better manage client capital.This elective will look into the latest techniques used by the buy side in order to achieve these goals.

      隨著量化金融在當(dāng)今的金融市場中變得越來越重要,許多買方公司正在使用量化技術(shù)來提高回報(bào)并更好地管理客戶資本。該選修課將研究買方為實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)而使用的最新技術(shù)。

      Perform a dynamic portfolio optimization,using stochastic control

      Combine views with market data using filtering to determine the necessary parameters

      Understand the importance of behavioural biases and be able to address them

      Understand the implementation issues

      Develop new insights into portfolio risk management

      7、交易對手風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型(Counterparty Credit Risk Modeling)

      Post-global financial crisis,counterparty credit risk and other related risks have become much more pronounced and need to be taken into account during the pricing and modeling stages.This elective will go through all the risks associated with the counterparty and how they are included in any modeling frameworks.

      后全球金融危機(jī)、交易對手信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和其他相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變得更加明顯,需要在定價和建模階段加以考慮。該選修課將介紹與交易對手相關(guān)的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn),以及它們?nèi)绾伟谌魏谓?蚣苤小?/p>

      Credit Risk to Credit Derivatives

      Counterparty Credit Risk:CVA,DVA,FVA

      Interest Rates for Counterparty Risk–dynamic models and modeling

      Interest Rate Swap CVA and implementation of dynamic model

      8、量化中的行為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(Behavioural Finance for Quants)

      Behavioural finance and how human psychology affects our perception of the world,impacts our quantitative models and drives our financial decisions.This elective will equip delegates with tools to identify the key psychological pitfalls,use their mathematical skills to address these pitfalls and build better financial models.

      行為金融學(xué)以及人類心理學(xué)如何影響我們對世界的感知,影響我們的定量模型并推動我們的財(cái)務(wù)決策。該選修課將為學(xué)員提供工具,以識別關(guān)鍵的心理陷阱,利用他們的數(shù)學(xué)技能來解決這些陷阱并建立更好的財(cái)務(wù)模型。

      S ystem 1 Vs System 2

      Behavioural Biases;Heuristic processes;Framing effects and Group processes

      Loss aversion Vs Risk aversion;Loss aversion;SP/A theory

      Linearity and Nonlinearity

      Game theory

      9、基于R語言的量化金融分析(R for Quant Finance)

      R is a powerful statistical programming language,with numerous tricks up its sleeves making it an ideal environment to code quant finance and data analytics applications.

      R是一種強(qiáng)大的統(tǒng)計(jì)編程語言,擁有眾多技巧,使其成為編寫量化金融和數(shù)據(jù)分析應(yīng)用程序的理想環(huán)境。

      Intro to R and R Studio

      Navigate and understand packages

      Understand data structures and data types

      Plot charts,read and write data files

      Write your own scripts and code

      10、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算(Risk Budgeting)

      Rather than solving the risk-return optimization problem as in the classic(Markowitz)approach,risk budgeting focuses on risk and its limits(budgets).This elective will focus on the quant aspects of risk budgeting and how it can be applied to portfolio management.

      風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算不是像經(jīng)典(Markowitz)方法那樣解決風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回報(bào)優(yōu)化問題,而是專注于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其極限(預(yù)算)。本選修課將側(cè)重于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)算的量化方面以及如何將其應(yīng)用于投資組合管理。

      Portfolio Construction and Measurement

      Value at Risk in Portfolio Management

      Risk Budgeting in Theory

      Risk Budgeting in Practice

      11、金融科技(Fintech)

      Financial technology,also known as fintech,is an economic industry composed of companies that use technology to make financial services more efficient.This elective gives an insight into the financial technology revolution and the disruption,innovation and opportunity therein.

      金融技術(shù),也稱為金融科技,是一個利用技術(shù)使金融服務(wù)更有效率的公司組成的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)。這門選修課讓你深入了解金融科技革命帶來的變革,創(chuàng)新和機(jī)遇。

      Intro to and History of Fintech

      Fintech–Breaking the Financial Services Value Chain

      FinTech Hubs

      Technology–Blockchain;Cryptocurrencies;Big Data 102;AI 102

      Fintech Solutions

      The Future of Fintech

      12、C++編程(C++)

      Starting with the basics of simple input via keyboard and output to screen,this elective will work through a number of topics,finishing with simple OOP.

      從簡單的鍵盤輸入和屏幕輸出開始學(xué)習(xí)C++的基礎(chǔ)知識,該選修課將會涉及許多主題,最后將會以C++面向?qū)ο缶幊痰暮唵问纠Y(jié)束。

      Getting Started with the C++Environment–First Program;Data Types;Simple Debugging

      Control Flow and Formatting–Decision Making;File Management;Formatting Output

      Functions–Writing User Defined Functions;Headers and Source Files

      Intro to OOP–Simple Classes and Objects

      Arrays and Strings

    展開全文
    Taxation in china
    2023-08-18 14:10:52 157 瀏覽

    課程背景

      In the world only has two facts inevitably,one is the death,two is the tax revenue.

      China is one of the biggest markets in the world and is attracting more and more global investors to move into the China market.In order to run the business in a most cost efficient way,it is necessary for the foreign investors to understand all the potential relevant tax costs that would be incurred in China before making an investment decision.In addition,different type of investment activities will trigger different types of taxes.

    Taxation in china

    課程收益

      You can learn about China's tax policies and regulations.

      You can understand the impact of tax laws on foreign investment in China

      You can master the enterprise in the VAT reform in expanding around the pilot to adjust in accounting

      You can grasp the meaning and usage of key taxes,such as Corporate income tax.

      You can familiar with trial reform of the tax planning under the new basic concepts and skills.

      You can understand the pilot reform possible strategy for enterprise influence.

    課程對象

      Foreigners

      Foreign Investment Enterprises("FIEs")

      Foreign Enterprises("FEs")doing business in China

    課程大綱

      Module 1 China's Taxation System

      Framework of tax system in China

      Classification of taxes and Type of Tax

      Module 2 Analysis of Specific Taxes

      Tax on income

      ?Corporate income tax("CIT")

      -standard tax rate is 25%

      -the tax rate could be reduced to 15%for qualified enterprises which are engaged in industries encouraged by the China government.

      ?Individual income tax("IIT")

      -progressive rates range from 5%to 45%.

      Tax on transactions

      ?Value-added tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -The standard tax rate is 17%with certain necessities taxed at 13%.

      ?Consumption tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      ?Business tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      Tax on specific objective

      ?Land appreciation tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Calculation of added value

      Tax on resource

      ?Resources tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      Tax on property

      ?Real estate tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      Tax on behavior

      ?Vehicle and vessel tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      ?Motor vehicle acquisition tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      ?Stamp tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      Tax levied by the Customs

      ?Customs duties

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate

      Tax levied by finance department

      ?Deed tax

      -The meaning and the scope

      -Tax rate


    想了解最新詳細(xì)課程資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流。

    展開全文
    Strategic Mergers &amp; Acquisitions
    2023-08-31 13:24:08 162 瀏覽

    課程背景

      What do you want to achieve or avoid?The answers to this question are objectives.How will you go about achieving your desire results?The answer to this you can call strategy.

      Managing changing market conditions is never easy,but turmoil also presents unique opportunities to acquire previously unobtainable targets.However,acquirers must understand today’s credit limitations,new competition and investment legislation,increasing shareholder activism,and merger and acquisition(M&A)litigation issues.

    Strategic Mergers \nAcquisitions

      The downturn may present many acquisition opportunities,but which fit best with your long-term business strategy?Leading strategic planners will describe how to develop an effective investment strategy,identify potential targets,and efficiently evaluate opportunities.Through this training you will explore how to identify and assess strategic targets,evaluate investment opportunities,navigate today’s deal hurdles,and successfully integrate an acquired business to deliver real results and real value.

    課程收益

      Ensuring the realization of the M&A purpose

      Deeply analysis on the hottest topics of M&A

      Understanding the obstacles of Chinese corporations to do the strategic merge&acquisition

      Learning the laws and regulations involving in the merge&acquisition activities

      Controlling the risks when formulating a merge&acquisition strategy

      Developing M&A deal negotiation skills

      Gaining knowledge of target sourcing and driving success in the down market

      Advancing in evaluation models and methods

      Improving assessment of risk

      Obtaining strategies of finance in M&A

    課程對象

      CEO,VP,Director,GM,Head and Manager of

      Strategic Planning、Finance

      Corporate/Business Development

      M&A/Legal

    課程大綱

    Corporate development strategy vs. M&A strategy
    - Stable development strategy
    - Defense strategy
    - M&A categories
    - Transaction valuation
    - M&A Financing methods
    - Case studies
    Ensuring the new business conforms to company's objectives
    - Differentiating Transaction Success & Deal Success
    - Understanding the main factors for value creation
    - Reorganizing, reconstructing and adjusting the business system
    - Recommendation for PMI (Post Merger Integration) strategy
    Strategic M&A and corporate core competitiveness
    - What is the corporate core competitiveness
    - Foster and enhance the core competitiveness of the strategic thinking
    - Why should we enhance the core competitiveness
    - Lacking of the core competitiveness
    - Cultivating the core competitiveness through corporate M&A
    - Two methods of obtaining the core competitiveness
    - Core competitiveness has been the sourcing power of merge activities
    Analyzing the key considerations before entering into cross border M&A
    - Defining key factors that play a significant role in M&A flows
    - Managing multi- jurisdiction due diligence
    - Knowledge of geographic and industrial sectors have proven most attractive and the places future opportunities lie
    - Understanding cultural considerations in cross border deals
    Decision making process of strategic M&A
    - Characteristics of strategic M&A
    - M&A decision making process
    - Opportunity analysis stage
    - Preliminary analysis stage
    - Detailed analysis stage
    - Evaluation and decision making stage
    - Target selecting

    Understanding the differences between business valuation on local and international M&A transactions and negotiating the best deal
    - What are the differences of business valuation when merging or acquiring local companies and international companies?
    - Similar area, finance, legal, IP, HR, etc, but with different areas of concerns
    - Difference in accounting, legal/IP, labor issues
    - Key considerations in evaluating a target company
    - Acquirer's business strategy vs. target business
    - Products & marketing
    - Identify synergy & improvement
    - Management team
    - Middle management
    - Corporate Culture
    - Optimizing a valuation----How to reach common understanding of the business valuation and transaction price on both sides of the fence?
    - Communication
    - Cultural factors
    - Trust
    - Control misunderstanding and misleading information
    - Case studies-Lessons learned
    Examining the synergies after strategic M&A-Case study from listed companies
    - Management synergy
    - Operating synergy
    - Diversification synergy
    - Financial and tax synergy
    - Intangible assets synergy
    Case Study-Advancing the negotiation and closing the deal
    - Negotiating tactics: How to position your company from the opening offer to final agreement
    - Using due diligence to enhance your advantages
    - Understanding the strengths and the weaknesses in the other side's position
    - Identifying the key value drivers
    Management Buyout
    - The development of MBO
    - The purpose of MBO
    - The financing method of MBO
    - The pricing strategy of MBO
    - Case study


      想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。

    展開全文
    Finance for Non-financial Executives
    2023-08-31 16:43:27 353 瀏覽

    課程背景

      CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?

      As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.

    Finance for \nNon-financial Executives

      Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.

    課程收益

      Breakthrough the language of finance

      Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations

      Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals

      Mastering forecasting techniques

      Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures

      Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions

      Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants

      Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks

    課程對象

      General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers

      Vice President and Top Executives in all respective

      Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers

      Sales&Marketing Managers

      Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers

      Investment Professionals

      Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance

    課程大綱

    Finance Fundamental

    Management Application

      -Introduction to the Course

      -The role of the finance function

      -Working with the finance teams

      -How companies succeed on finance?

      -Accounting InformationThe Language of Business

      -What is financial accounting?

      -Why Financial Accounting is necessary?

      -Some process,terminology and concepts

      -Learn how financial data is generated and reported

      -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements

      -Managers and Financial Statements

      -The concept of shareholder value

      -Demystifying Financial Statements

      -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L

      -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division

      -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet

      -Cost of goods sold

      -The accrual concept and timing adjustments

      -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation

      -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective

      -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow

      -The shortcomings of accounting

      -Implications of Revenue Recognition

      -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement

      -Analysis of Financial StatementWhere do you find useful information?

      -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information

      -Locate and use sources of information about business performance

      -How accounting information assists in decision making

      -Linking decisions to financial metrics

      -How to increase ROCE

      -Profitability ratios

      -Economic Value Added(EVA TM)

      -Financial Decision Making

      -Profitability,liquidity ratios

      -Managing working capital

      -Financial Leverage

      -Debt ratios

      -Measuring business risk

      -Cash management

      -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company

      -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed companys annual report

      -Accounting Creates Value

      -Functions of management accounting

      -Management accounting compared to financial accounting

      -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form

      -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered

      -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps

      -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems

     

      -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory

      -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process

      -Understanding the different steps involved in the process

      -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance

      -The cost information for pricing and product planning

      -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach

      -Customers:an outside in pricing

      -Competitors:predict their price

      -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods

      -Case Study

      -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King!

      -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool

      -EBITDA,free cash flows

      -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow

      -Establishing cash flow forecasts

      -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR

      -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics

      -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal

      -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined

      -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances

      -Approaches to valuation

      -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More?

      -An introduction to capital markets

      -Different forms of financing(long term,short term)

      -Debt versus Equity

      -Gearing and beta factors

      -Capital Asset Pricing Models

      -Tax shields

      -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks

      -An Overview of the M&A market in China

      -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers

      -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer

      -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers

      -Understanding the execution gap

      -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap

      -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition

    想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。

    展開全文
    Finance in Leadership
    2023-09-04 15:30:05 110 瀏覽

    課程背景

      What management and leadership skills do the most successful Senior Executives possess?What are the qualities and characteristics of the ideal finance leader?Recently,CFO Research Services,in collaboration with Tatum,surveyed 250 senior finance executives at North American companies on the non-technical business management and leadership skills that finance executives not only under pressure to manage financial compliance,processes,and controls in an environment of intense regulatory scrutiny,but also need to meet the demands of an expanded business mandate.

    Finance in Leadership

      Indisputably,broad management training will help senior executives manage and support the business,however they also seek training on industry and competitive dynamics,business management,and the skills often labeled as‘soft skills’-collaboration,negotiation,and communication.

      This training will offer practical guidance to Senior Executives on how to consolidate and promote their financial leadership by adopting the advanced leadership outcome model and the applicable financial signatures,as well as explore on how performance management and decision making are being embraced throughout companies and in diverse business categories.Through presentations from leading thought leader and cutting-edge case studies,this training will highlight the extensive reach of the achievement of enterprise’s valuation goals.

    課程收益

      A Revolutionary new approach to Executive assessment with a full suite of evaluation instruments

      Increasing the valuation of the enterprise by choosing the right alignment process to best achieve the enterprise’s valuation goals

      Enabling your top executives to understand the potential of their own financial profile to improve the enterprise’profitability and valuation and align their operational mission to the enterprise valuation goals.

      Understanding how to identify,select,and retain executives with a winning financial signature

      Strengthening enterprise Human Resource processes by implementing the correct HR processes for achieving the targeted level of profitability

      Turning analytics into action for gaining the ability to change course in volatile circumstances as well as a true competitive advantage

      Taking a methodical approach to improving decision making to boost revenue,shareholder return,and return on invested capital

    課程對象

      C-level including CEO,CFO,COO,CMO,Chief Human Resources Officer,Chief Learning Officer

      Line executives and managers including Vice-Presidents,P&L managers,General Managers

      Training and development executives,including leadership development managers

      Human resource executives including HR heads,recruitment,succession planning executives

    課程大綱

    Chapter 1

    Chapter 2

      -The Leadership Outcome Model

      -Identifying and Measuring Financial Style and Personality

      -The components of Financial Style and Personality

      -Work group 1:Buying Mission Exercise

      -Financial Signatures and Missions

      -The Nine Financial Signatures

      -How Financial Signature is impacted by Corporate Strategy

      -Work group 2:Team Financial Style Simulation

      -Are there Good and Bad Financial Signatures?

      -Financial Signature and Executive Performance

      -Strategy and Innovation

      -Operations

      -Sales

      -Quality

      -Customer Service

      -Valuation and Financial Mission

      -Defining the Financial Mission of an Executive

      -Why Financial Signature and Mission Differ

      -The Components of Financial Mission

      -Alignment of Financial Mission with Team,Business Unit and Company Financial Missions

      -Work group 3:Company Financial Style and Valuation Simulation

      -Maximizing Your Financial Performance

      -Turing Analytics into Action

      -Four Dimensions of Decision Making and Execution

      -Five Step Process for improving decision effectiveness

      -Financial Mission and Business Strategy

      -Work group 4:Valuation Impact of the CEO Exercise

      -Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Impacts of Financial Signature

      -Company Evolution

      -Capital Intensity

      -Market Evolution

      -Competitive Dynamics

      -Market Capitalization and Valuation

      -Work group 5:Competitive Simulation

      -Improving Leadership Outcome

      -Leadership Outcome Type and Financial Mission

      -Financial Mission and Career Success

      -Financial Mission and Leadership Agility

      -Changing Financial Mission

      -Work group 6:Leadership Outcome Simulation

      -Case StudyFinancial Mission and Outcome

      -Work group 7:Coaching Simulation

      -Conclusions in Financial Leadership

    想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。

    展開全文
    M&amp;A Practice in china
    2023-09-05 14:05:28 415 瀏覽

    課程背景

      China’s rise as the most important global M&A market and the almost dramatic increase of Chinese outbound M&A activities signals a sea change of opportunities and pitfalls.As witnessed by the landmark deal between Lenovo and computer giant IBM in 2005,M&A transactions are expected to gather pace as China prepares itself to become an economic superpower.While the central government has somewhat revamped opaque regulations,Mergers&Acquisitions in China:Law and Practice lends much needed clarity by providing a structured introduction to the legal aspects of China’s M&A regime.

    M&A Practice in china

      The downturn may present many acquisition opportunities,but which fit best with your long-term business strategy?Leading strategic planners will describe how to develop an effective investment strategy,identify potential targets,and efficiently evaluate opportunities.Through this training you will explore how to identify and assess strategic targets,evaluate investment opportunities,navigate today’s deal hurdles,and successfully integrate an acquired business to deliver real results and real value.

    課程收益

      Ensuring the realization of the M&A purpose

      Deeply analysis on the hottest topics of M&A

      Understanding the obstacles of Chinese corporations to do the strategic merge&acquisition

      Learning the laws and regulations involving in the merge&acquisition activities

      Controlling the risks when formulating a merge&acquisition strategy

      Developing M&A deal negotiation skills

      Gaining knowledge of target sourcing and driving success in the down market

      Advancing in evaluation models and methods

      Improving assessment of risk

      Obtaining strategies of finance in M&A

    課程對象

      CEO,VP,Director,GM,Head and Manager of

      Strategic Planning、Finance

      Corporate/Business Development

      M&A/Legal

    課程大綱

      Corporate development strategy vs.M&A strategy

      Stable development strategy

      Defense strategy

      M&A categories

      Transaction valuation

      M&A Financing methods

      Case studies

      Ensuring the new business conforms to company's objectives

      Differentiating Transaction Success&Deal Success

      Understanding the main factors for value creation

      Reorganizing,reconstructing and adjusting the business system

      Recommendation for PMI(Post Merger Integration)strategy

      Strategic M&A and corporate core competitiveness

      What is the corporate core competitiveness

      Foster and enhance the core competitiveness of the strategic thinking

      Why should we enhance the core competitiveness

      Lacking of the core competitiveness

      Cultivating the core competitiveness through corporate M&A

      Two methods of obtaining the core competitiveness

      Core competitiveness has been the sourcing power of merge activities

      Analyzing the key considerations before entering into cross border M&A

      Defining key factors that play a significant role in M&A flows

      Managing multi-jurisdiction due diligence

      Knowledge of geographic and industrial sectors have proven most attractive and the places future opportunities lie

      Understanding cultural considerations in cross border deals

      Decision making process of strategic M&A

      Characteristics of strategic M&A

      M&A decision making process

      Opportunity analysis stage

      Preliminary analysis stage

      Detailed analysis stage

      Evaluation and decision making stage

      Target selecting

      Understanding the differences between business valuation on local and international M&A transactions and negotiating the best deal

      What are the differences of business valuation when merging or acquiring local companies and international companies?

      Similar area,finance,legal,IP,HR,etc,but with different areas of concerns

      Difference in accounting,legal/IP,labor issues

      Key considerations in evaluating a target company

      Acquirer's business strategy vs.target business

      Products&marketing

      Identify synergy&improvement

      Management team

      Middle management

      Corporate Culture

      Optimizing a valuation----How to reach common understanding of the business valuation and transaction price on both sides of the fence?

      Communication

      Cultural factors

      Trust

      Control misunderstanding and misleading information

      Case studies-Lessons learned

      Examining the synergies after strategic M&A-Case study from listed companies

      Management synergy

      Operating synergy

      Diversification synergy

      Financial and tax synergy

      Intangible assets synergy

      Case Study-Advancing the negotiation and closing the deal

      Negotiating tactics:How to position your company from the opening offer to final agreement

      Using due diligence to enhance your advantages

      Understanding the strengths and the weaknesses in the other side's position

      Identifying the key value drivers

      Management Buyout

      The development of MBO

      The purpose of MBO

      The financing method of MBO

      The pricing strategy of MBO

      Case study


    想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。

    展開全文
    科普|esg的s是什么意思?
    2023-12-25 09:06:12 852 瀏覽

      esg指環(huán)境(Environmental)、社會(Social)和公司治理(Governance),是一種關(guān)注企業(yè)環(huán)境、社會、治理而非傳統(tǒng)財(cái)務(wù)績效的投資理念和評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。esg的s代表社會,強(qiáng)調(diào)企業(yè)要履行社會責(zé)任,主要考慮企業(yè)對社會造成的各種影響。例如:員工管理、福利與薪酬、員工安全、與上下游供應(yīng)商及服務(wù)商的關(guān)系、產(chǎn)品安全性等。

    esg的s是什么意思?

      而esg的e代表環(huán)境,強(qiáng)調(diào)企業(yè)要注重生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù),主要考慮企業(yè)在經(jīng)營和生產(chǎn)過程中對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成的影響;另外,g代表治理,強(qiáng)調(diào)企業(yè)要提高治理水平,主要考慮企業(yè)制度層面的建立。

    esg對企業(yè)有什么影響?

      ESG評級對于投資機(jī)構(gòu)來說,提高了第三方對企業(yè)市場信用評估的準(zhǔn)確性,成為各大投資機(jī)構(gòu)決策的重要依據(jù)。更好的ESG表現(xiàn)和更高的ESG評級直接影響了投資者的關(guān)注程度和長期經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)。

      將ESG評級體系納入信貸業(yè)務(wù)體系中,可以彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)控模型的局限性,提高金融機(jī)構(gòu)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)辨別和預(yù)警能力,加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體系,并促進(jìn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)與企業(yè)客戶提升ESG管理水平,實(shí)現(xiàn)信貸業(yè)務(wù)與客戶自身長遠(yuǎn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

      ESG是提升企業(yè)治理水平的有效手段。通過加強(qiáng)對治理因素的管理和披露,企業(yè)和投資者可以提高決策的透明度和效率,增強(qiáng)內(nèi)部監(jiān)督和問責(zé),平衡各方利益和訴求,規(guī)避各類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和糾紛,為建立良好的商業(yè)道德和法治環(huán)境做出貢獻(xiàn)。

      ESG是促進(jìn)社會進(jìn)步和實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效手段,對于整個社會和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)而言具有重要意義。通過遵循ESG原則,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、社會效益和環(huán)境效益的統(tǒng)一,為實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程做出貢獻(xiàn)。

    esg有哪些相關(guān)的證書?

      esg作為企業(yè)未來發(fā)展的核心趨勢之一,現(xiàn)在各大協(xié)會和組織都有發(fā)布一些esg相關(guān)的證書和考試,其中大家熟悉度較高的幾個是:CFA協(xié)會的ESG Investing證書、GARP協(xié)會的SCR證書、EFFAS協(xié)會的CESGA證書、SASB協(xié)會的FSA證書。

      其中兼具完整知識體系和國際認(rèn)可度的,要數(shù)CFA協(xié)會的ESG Investing證書;GARP協(xié)會的SCR證書則更側(cè)重氣候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容;EFFAS協(xié)會的CESGA證書雖然知識體系也較完善,但EFFAS協(xié)會的國際化程度遠(yuǎn)不如CFA協(xié)會,僅在歐洲相對知名度高些;SASB協(xié)會的FSA證書主要服務(wù)于企業(yè)esg的信息披露,學(xué)習(xí)的更多是一些基于可持續(xù)發(fā)展會計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的披露標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

    esg相關(guān)的證書怎么選?

      目前ESG相關(guān)的證書種類很多,大致可分為兩大類:一類是內(nèi)容體系較為完善的,例如CFA協(xié)會的ESG證書、EFFAS的CESGA證書;另一類是ESG相關(guān)的具有側(cè)重性的證書,例如SASB協(xié)會的FSA證書,更側(cè)重財(cái)務(wù)領(lǐng)域,GARP協(xié)會的SCR證書,更側(cè)重風(fēng)控領(lǐng)域;

      在選擇證書的時候,重點(diǎn)考慮兩個方面,一是看證書所學(xué)習(xí)的知識體系,除有明確的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域方面需求,一般選擇覆蓋面更廣的證書進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí);二是看證書認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)的社會知名度,像CFA協(xié)會的國際認(rèn)可度會更高,EFFAS則更專注于歐洲市場。

    展開全文
    2024年CFA二級考試安排一覽,附cfa報(bào)名要求!超詳細(xì)!
    2024-01-11 17:08:45 552 瀏覽

      2024年CFA二級考試安排如下圖所示:

    圖片

    點(diǎn)擊咨詢,專業(yè)老師1V1指導(dǎo)

    CFA二級報(bào)名要求

      報(bào)名參加CFA二級考試,需要通過CFA一級考試。

      以本科在校生身份參加CFA一級考試的考生,最早可選擇處于學(xué)士學(xué)位課程或同等項(xiàng)目畢業(yè)月份前11個月及以內(nèi)的考試窗口。例如,2025年6月畢業(yè)的四年制本科在校生,若已經(jīng)通過CFA一級考試,最早可報(bào)名大三暑假(2024年8月)的CFA二級考試。

      證件要求:和一級考試一樣,報(bào)名和參加CFA考試須持有效的國際旅行護(hù)照。對于計(jì)劃在中國內(nèi)地參加CFA考試的考生,除護(hù)照之外,也可以使用中華人民共和國居民身份證進(jìn)行考試報(bào)名。

    CFA二級報(bào)名費(fèi)

      早鳥階段報(bào)名費(fèi):$940

      標(biāo)準(zhǔn)階段報(bào)名費(fèi):$1250

      其它費(fèi)用:

      首次報(bào)名注冊費(fèi):$350(僅需支付一次)

      紙質(zhì)版教材:$150(可自選)

      電子版教材費(fèi):$49(可自選)

      補(bǔ)充題庫:$299(可自選)

    CFA二級考綱變動詳情

      1.考綱細(xì)則無變動的科目

      固收:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。

      道德:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。

      衍生:原來的2個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為2個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動,僅順序有一定微調(diào)。

      經(jīng)濟(jì):原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為3個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。僅將原Reading 7 Economic growth and the investment decision的標(biāo)題變成Learning Module 2 Economic growth,考綱細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容無變動。

      另類:原來的3個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為5個Learning Module??季V細(xì)則無變動。但新考綱Module 3 LOS a-b,將原考綱k,l中對REITS的描述改為publicly traded real estate securities。

      2.考綱細(xì)則刪除的科目

      組合:原來的7個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。

      原Reading 42 Economics and investment markets對應(yīng)的是Learning Module 5。

      ?其中刪除了一條考綱k describe how economic analysis is used in sector rotation strategies。

      權(quán)益:原來的8個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。

      ?刪除Reading 21 Return concepts收益概念和Reading 22 Industry and company analysis公司和行業(yè)分析,其余部分考綱細(xì)則不變,僅考綱順序進(jìn)行了微調(diào)。

      3.考綱細(xì)則新增的科目

      財(cái)報(bào):原來的6個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。

      新增考綱:Financial Statement Modeling財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表建模

      全章節(jié)新增,部分內(nèi)容與2022年權(quán)益Reading 22 Industry and company analysis行業(yè)和公司分析接近。

      新增考綱細(xì)則如下:

     ?。?)compare top-down,bottom-up,and hybrid approaches for developing inputs to equity valuation models

      (2)compare“growth relative to GDP growth”and“market growth and market share”approaches to forecasting revenue

     ?。?)evaluate whether economies of scale are present in an industry by analyzing operating margins and sales levels

      (4)demonstrate methods to forecast cost of goods sold and operating expenses

     ?。?)demonstrate methods to forecast non-operating items,financing costs,and income taxes

      (6)describe approaches to balance sheet modeling

     ?。?)demonstrate the development of a sales-based pro forma company model

     ?。?)explain how behavioral factors affect analyst forecasts and recommend remedial actions for analyst biases

     ?。?)explain how competitive factors affect prices and costs

      (10)evaluate the competitive position of a company based on a Porter’s five forces analysis

     ?。?1)explain how to forecast industry and company sales and costs when they are subject to price inflation or deflation

     ?。?2)evaluate the effects of technological developments on demand,selling prices,costs,and margins

     ?。?3)explain considerations in the choice of an explicit forecast horizon

      (14)explain an analyst’s choices in developing projections beyond the short-term forecast horizon

      數(shù)量:原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為7個Learning Module。

      ?刪除原Reading 1 Introduction to linear regression一元線性回歸內(nèi)容下放到一級數(shù)量中的最后一個模塊。

      原Reading 2 Multiple regression多元回歸內(nèi)容拆分成4個模塊module 1-module 4。

      與原Reading 2考綱細(xì)節(jié)做比對,考綱的順序、表示和知識點(diǎn)都有較大變化,部分考綱進(jìn)行了拆分,變化結(jié)果如下:

      ?考綱刪除3條:

     ?。?)formulate a null and an alternative hypothesis about the population value of.a regression coefficient,calculate the value of the test statistic,and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis at a given level of significance;

      (2)interpret the results of hypothesis tests of regression coefficients;

     ?。?)evaluate and interpret a multiple regression model and its results.

      ??考綱新增2條:

      (1)describe the types of investment problems addressed by multiple linear regression and the regression process

     ?。?)describe influence analysis and methods of detecting influential data points

      原Reading 4對應(yīng)的是module 6。其中新增了一條考綱f describe supervised machine learning,unsupervised machine learning,and deep learning.

      公司金融:考綱變動最大的科目。原來的5個Reading現(xiàn)調(diào)整為4個Learning Module。

      ?刪除原Reading 15 Capital Structure資本結(jié)構(gòu)章節(jié)和Reading 19 Capital Budgeting資本預(yù)算章節(jié),精簡并下放到一級。

      ??新增:Cost of Capital:Advanced Topics

      新增考綱細(xì)則如下:

     ?。?)explain top-down and bottom-up factors that impact the cost of capital

     ?。?)Compare methods used to estimate the cost of debt.

      (3)explain historical and forward-looking approaches to estimating an equity risk

      premium

      (4)compare methods used to estimate the required return on equity

     ?。?)estimate the cost of debt or required return on equity for a public company and a private company

     ?。?)evaluate a company’s capital structure and cost of capital relative to peers

      原Reading 18 Measures and Acquisitions兼并收購章節(jié)調(diào)整為Learnings Module 4 Corporate Restructurings企業(yè)重組,章節(jié)內(nèi)容完全重寫,新增內(nèi)容為各種公司重組事件、他們的分析和納入財(cái)務(wù)模型的預(yù)測和估值。

      企業(yè)重組模塊考綱細(xì)則如下:

     ?。?)explain types of corporate restructurings and issuers’motivations for pursuing them

      (2)explain the initial evaluation of a corporate restructuring

     ?。?)demonstrate valuation methods for,and interpret valuations of,companies involved in corporate restructurings

      (4)demonstrate how corporate restructurings affect an issuer’s EPS,net debt to EBITDA ratio,and weighted average cost of capital

     ?。?)evaluate corporate investment actions,including equity investments,joint ventures,and acquisitions

      (6)evaluate corporate divestment actions,including sales and spin offsevaluate cost and balance sheet restructurings

    展開全文
    日韩成人aV无码,私人尤物AV在线,嫩草AV无码在线,人妻少妇精品性色av蜜桃 (function(){ var bp = document.createElement('script'); var curProtocol = window.location.protocol.split(':')[0]; if (curProtocol === 'https') { bp.src = 'https://zz.bdstatic.com/linksubmit/push.js'; } else { bp.src = 'http://push.zhanzhang.baidu.com/push.js'; } var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(bp, s); })();