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Worldwide famous‘Toyota pioneered lean practices’crashed and burned in early 2010,which changed the fate of the world top one automobile manufacturer and also rang the alarm bell to all the finance and operation executives that how to avoid Toyota tragedy while implementing lean finance into production.
As the lean approach percolates into ever wider circles of operations,it ceases to be about best practice and starts to become a part of the fabric of doing business.The important thing,in the heat of competition,will be how well companies implement them and averse the follow-up risks,which caused by the diversity of cultures,infrastructures and environments.
This training aims to look at wider ranging operational excellence programs and the methods of successful implementation.It is also more about building the energy and engagement of employees from the shop floor and the office pool upward,tapping into their ideas,focusing them on constant problem solving,and keeping them open to change and flexibility.
Learning how companies like Boeing,Parker Hannifin,Siemens,Messier Dowty and hosts of smaller firms are revolutionizing accounting,control and measurement processes
The first systematic lean program about the specifics of adapting financial systems to better serve lean operations by the world leading lean authority
Providing accurate,timely and understandable information to motivate the lean transformation throughout the organization,and for decision-making leading to increased customer value,growth,profitability,and cash flow
Using lean methods to eliminate waste from the accounting processes while maintaining thorough financial control
Supporting the lean culture by motivating investment in people,providing information that is relevant and actionable,and empowers continuous improvement at very level of the organization
Developing action plans for implementing Lean Accounting methods in participating companies considering the existing defense industry structural barriers
Learning the approach of how to design and measure work to achieve business objectives to implement your lean system design
Helping the design of a radically new way of the processes and savagely eliminating wastes from it
Putting performance measurement on a different level
Reducing customer wait times and creating value to them by kinds of tools
Executive Leaders,Financial Professionals,Lean Specialists
Financial Directors,Financial Managers,Accountants
Senior Managers in Operations,Product,Procurement,Sales,and Marketing,etc.
Highly recommending to bring a small group or team to the workshop to maximize the benefits
Lean Introduction
Five Principles of Lean Thinking
New lean methods of accounting,control&measurement
Box Score
The Structure of Box Score
Box Score implementing in lean accounting to prioritize the lean improvement projects
Value Stream Management
The importance and helpfulness of value streams
A standard method for determining the value stream flows
Flows implementing for developing the best value stream organization
Group Work:Design a value stream structure for a company making values and manifolds
Lean Performance Measurements
Lean measurements‘Starter Set’
‘Lean Performance Measurement Linkage Chart’
Changing‘command&control’management style to a lean management style
Value Stream Accounting
Value streams as the primary cost objects
Collecting information of summary,direct value stream revenue and cost
Creating a‘Plain English’income statement
Exercise
Value Steam Capacity
Value steam map
Capacity model
Value stream capacity usage and analysis
Exercise
Decision Making
Box Score decision-making templates
Effective decision making
Exercise
Transaction Elimination
Identifying and eliminating the wasteful transactions
Transaction Elimination Maturity Path Matrix
Lean Accounting‘Footprint’Chart–current&future state
Documenting the changes
Exercise
Box Score in an Administrative Process
Box Score for monitoring and improving the process
Radical improvement in an account payable process
Implementation of Basic Lean Accounting
Approach to the implementation of basic lean accounting
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料，點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁(yè)左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo)，與在線老師交流。
在日常備考過(guò)程中，很多同學(xué)都抱怨稱在F1科目里碰到了很多復(fù)雜難以理解的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，要翻其他書(shū)籍才能弄懂，對(duì)此，會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)今天給大家整理了F1階段的必會(huì)定義，幫助各位提高效率。
Organization
Organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, which controlsits own performance and which has a boundary separating it from its environment.
定義的重點(diǎn)：明確的分工、共同的目標(biāo)、控制員工的表現(xiàn)、有明確的界限。
Limited companies
A limited company has a separate legal personality from its owners (shareholders). The shareholders can not normally be sued for the debts of the business unless they have given some personal guarantee. Their risk is generally restricted to the amount that they have invested in the company when they buy the shares. This is called limited liability.
定義的重點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立的法律個(gè)體，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)只限定于投入的財(cái)產(chǎn)，不連累其他財(cái)產(chǎn)。
Internal stakeholders
Internal stakeholders are intimately connected to the organization, and their objectives are likely to have a strong influence on how it is run, such as employees, managers.
定義的重點(diǎn)：與企業(yè)密切聯(lián)系的，對(duì)企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)有重要的影響。舉例：企業(yè)的員工、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。
Connected stakeholders
Connectedstakeholders can be viewed as having a contractualrelationship outside the organization, such as shareholders; customers;suppliers; finance providers.The objective of satisfying shareholders is taken as the the prime objective whichthe management of the organization will need to fulfill, however, customers andfinanciers objectives must be met if the company is tosucceed.
定義的重點(diǎn)：與企業(yè)有合同關(guān)系的，企業(yè)外部的，公司要滿足他們的需求。舉例：股東、客戶、供應(yīng)商、機(jī)構(gòu)投資者。
External stakeholders
External stakeholders include community at large; environmental pressure groups; government; trade union. This group will have quite diverse objectives and have varying ability to ensure that organization meets their objectives.
定義的重點(diǎn)：企業(yè)外部的，企業(yè)要盡可能滿足他們的要求，與企業(yè)沒(méi)有合同關(guān)系。舉例：政府、社會(huì)上的各類(lèi)團(tuán)體組織、環(huán)境保護(hù)組織、監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)。
Primary/ secondary stakeholder
Primary stakeholder has a contractual relationship with the org.
定義的重點(diǎn)：與企業(yè)有合同關(guān)系的。舉例：Internal/ connected stakeholder。
Secondary stakeholder not has a contractual relationship outside the org.
定義的重點(diǎn)：與企業(yè)沒(méi)有合同關(guān)系的，舉例：external stakeholder。
Microeconomics
Microeconomics focuses on how theindividual partsof an economy make decisions about how to allocate scarce resources。
定義的重點(diǎn)： 關(guān)注個(gè)體部分的發(fā)展，分配稀缺資源。
Macroeconomics
Macroeconomics is the study of the aggregated effort of the decisions of individual economic units. It looks at a complete national economy,or the international economic system as a whole.
定義的重點(diǎn)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體決策的集合影響，著眼于整個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)體
Inflation
An increase in price levels generally; the decline in the purchasing power of money。
定義的重點(diǎn)：持續(xù)地物價(jià)上漲，居民購(gòu)買(mǎi)力下降。
Fiscal policy
Fiscal policy is a kind of government policy which focuses on taxation,public borrowing and public spending.
定義的重點(diǎn): 政府的政策。舉例：稅收、政府借款、政府開(kāi)銷(xiāo)。
Monetary policy
Monetary policy is kind of government policy which uses money supply ,interest rates,exchange rates or credit control to influence aggregate demand.
定義的重點(diǎn): 政府的政策。舉例：貨幣供應(yīng)、利率、匯率、信貸控制。
來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
CMA證書(shū)在國(guó)內(nèi)的認(rèn)可度已經(jīng)越來(lái)越高，很多財(cái)會(huì)領(lǐng)域的人可能都聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)證書(shū)，國(guó)內(nèi)很多高校也開(kāi)設(shè)了CMA方向班，今天，我們就一起來(lái)了解一下CMA專(zhuān)業(yè)。
上海對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)創(chuàng)建于1960年，譽(yù)為“中國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)人才的搖籃”。
成為碩士學(xué)位授予單位，劃歸上海市人民政府管理，入選世界首批、中國(guó)首家世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）講席，更名為上海對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)；獲批WTO亞太培訓(xùn)中心，成為WTO在中國(guó)內(nèi)地設(shè)立的唯一區(qū)域培訓(xùn)合作伙伴。
獲批博士學(xué)位授予單位；躋身上海市重點(diǎn)建設(shè)的高水平地方高校。
如果您想首先參加第二部分考試可以點(diǎn)擊頁(yè)面左上角的“跳過(guò)”，添加第二部分考試費(fèi)用，檢查購(gòu)物車(chē)內(nèi)的產(chǎn)品，并進(jìn)行必要的修改，確認(rèn)無(wú)誤后點(diǎn)擊“結(jié)賬”。
準(zhǔn)考證打印份數(shù)：備考一科的考生至少需要打印一份準(zhǔn)考證，備考雙科的考生需要打印兩份準(zhǔn)考證，一份用于P1科目，一份用于P2科目，
點(diǎn)擊下載無(wú)反應(yīng)：如果點(diǎn)擊下載后沒(méi)有反應(yīng)，可能是瀏覽器攔截了下載窗口，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S瀏覽器彈出窗口，
準(zhǔn)考證不能截屏打?。?/strong>為了保證準(zhǔn)考證的準(zhǔn)確性必須將整個(gè)頁(yè)面打印下來(lái)，而不能進(jìn)行截屏打印，
準(zhǔn)考證身份信息不一致：考生在打印準(zhǔn)考證前必須核對(duì)姓名、考試地址、照片信息的準(zhǔn)確性，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有誤需要立即聯(lián)系普爾文中國(guó)客服中心尋求幫助，
準(zhǔn)考證遺忘：參加考試必須攜帶有效期內(nèi)的個(gè)人身份證件、紙質(zhì)版準(zhǔn)考證和健康承諾書(shū)，任何一項(xiàng)缺失或不滿足要求都不能參加考試，
CMA是美國(guó)注冊(cè)管理會(huì)計(jì)師，是美國(guó)注冊(cè)管理會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)（Institute of Management Accountants，IMA）創(chuàng)立，美國(guó)注冊(cè)管理會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)已有103年的歷史，是美國(guó)最大的會(huì)計(jì)師協(xié)會(huì)之一。相對(duì)而言含金量肯定是非常之重的，那么作為含金量較高的一張證書(shū)，我們一起來(lái)了解一下。
上海對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)創(chuàng)建于1960年，譽(yù)為“中國(guó)對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)人才的搖籃”。
成為碩士學(xué)位授予單位，劃歸上海市人民政府管理，入選世界首批、中國(guó)首家世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）講席，更名為上海對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)；獲批WTO亞太培訓(xùn)中心，成為WTO在中國(guó)內(nèi)地設(shè)立的唯一區(qū)域培訓(xùn)合作伙伴。
獲批博士學(xué)位授予單位；躋身上海市重點(diǎn)建設(shè)的高水平地方高校。
在職考生
在職考生是指有志于從事會(huì)計(jì)和財(cái)務(wù)領(lǐng)域相關(guān)工作的人士，無(wú)論是財(cái)務(wù)人員還是非財(cái)務(wù)人員只要想要升職加薪、拓寬知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)、提高個(gè)人能力都可以報(bào)名參加考試。
學(xué)生考生
學(xué)生考生是針對(duì)在讀全日制大專(zhuān)及以上學(xué)歷的學(xué)生，持有有效的學(xué)生證，每個(gè)學(xué)期至少修滿6個(gè)學(xué)分，即可按學(xué)生身份注冊(cè)報(bào)考，請(qǐng)確保填寫(xiě)個(gè)人手機(jī)號(hào)碼和有效的個(gè)人郵箱地址，并隨時(shí)更新聯(lián)系信息以免影響學(xué)生考生資格。
教師考生
教師考生是專(zhuān)門(mén)開(kāi)放給連續(xù)全職教授兩年且教授課程至少60%為入門(mén)級(jí)以上的會(huì)計(jì)和企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)管理類(lèi)課程的高校全職教師，符合條件的教師可以在首次注冊(cè)報(bào)考時(shí)直接按教師考生身份報(bào)名。
想要參加2024年11月 cma考試的考生可以在報(bào)考階段進(jìn)行注冊(cè)繳費(fèi)和考位預(yù)約，預(yù)約成功即報(bào)名成功，雖然報(bào)名條件沒(méi)有要求但是取證有一定的要求證書(shū)考取要求是需要考生在7年內(nèi)完成兩門(mén)科目考試、學(xué)歷和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的認(rèn)證所以考生可以先參加考試，后進(jìn)行認(rèn)證，也可以先認(rèn)證后考試。
中級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)師知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)專(zhuān)業(yè)是中級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)師考試中的十大專(zhuān)業(yè)之一，涉及了知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)相關(guān)法律法規(guī)、典型案例等知識(shí)點(diǎn)。小編為大家提供了一些中級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)師知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的歷年真題，幫助大家檢驗(yàn)在此領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)水平，快來(lái)完成一下吧。
題目1：下列屬于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法領(lǐng)域的是：
A.勞動(dòng)合同法
B.民法
C.著作權(quán)法
D.行政訴訟法
答案：C
解析：著作權(quán)法屬于知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法的范疇，其他選項(xiàng)與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法無(wú)關(guān)。
題目2：商標(biāo)權(quán)是指：
A.注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的權(quán)益
B.商標(biāo)使用者的權(quán)益
C.商標(biāo)使用者的權(quán)益和注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的權(quán)益
D.商標(biāo)的價(jià)值
答案：C
解析：商標(biāo)權(quán)包括商標(biāo)使用者的權(quán)益和注冊(cè)商標(biāo)的權(quán)益，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。
題目3：下列哪個(gè)法律法規(guī)是中國(guó)對(duì)外商投資領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)性法律？
A.《中華人民共和國(guó)專(zhuān)利法》
B.《中華人民共和國(guó)商標(biāo)法》
C.《中華人民共和國(guó)對(duì)外投資法》
D.《中華人民共和國(guó)著作權(quán)法》
答案：C
解析：《中華人民共和國(guó)對(duì)外投資法》是中國(guó)對(duì)外商投資領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)性法律，與其他選項(xiàng)無(wú)關(guān)。
題目4：以下哪個(gè)地區(qū)在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面屬于最高級(jí)別？
A.WIPO
B.WTO
C.TRIPS
D.UNESCO
答案：C
解析：TRIPS（世界貿(mào)易組織協(xié)議中的與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)議）是知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面的最高級(jí)別，其他選項(xiàng)屬于相關(guān)組織或機(jī)構(gòu)，與最高級(jí)別無(wú)關(guān)。
題目5：根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)《專(zhuān)利法》，下列屬于可被專(zhuān)利保護(hù)的是：
A.服務(wù)方式
B.數(shù)學(xué)方法
C.科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)
D.電影作品
答案：D
解析：根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)《專(zhuān)利法》規(guī)定，電影作品屬于可被專(zhuān)利保護(hù)的，其他選項(xiàng)不屬于可被專(zhuān)利保護(hù)的范疇。
美國(guó)加州浸會(huì)大學(xué)國(guó)際博士（DBA）學(xué)制是3年。第一年國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)、第二年赴美學(xué)習(xí)、第三年自行選擇。
美國(guó)加州浸會(huì)大學(xué)DBA課程內(nèi)容
1、第一學(xué)年課程
組織與管理基礎(chǔ)Foundations of Organization and Management
組織與管理倫理Ethics in Organization and Management
人力資源管理主題Topics in Human Resource Management
財(cái)務(wù)分析決策Financial Analysis for Decision Making
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的商業(yè)應(yīng)用Applying Economics Theory to Business
國(guó)際商業(yè)International Business in Global Markets
2、第二學(xué)年課程
戰(zhàn)略營(yíng)銷(xiāo)Strategic Marketing
研究設(shè)計(jì)Research Design
數(shù)據(jù)分析與解讀Data Analysis and Interpretation
定量研究Quantitative Research
定性研究Qualitative Research
綜合測(cè)試Comprehensive Experience
3、第三學(xué)年課程
畢業(yè)論文(開(kāi)題、寫(xiě)作、答辯)Dissertation Experience BUS 797
畢業(yè)論文(提交發(fā)表)Dissertation Completion
注：因考試政策、內(nèi)容不斷變化與調(diào)整，以上內(nèi)容僅供參考，具體信息請(qǐng)右下角直接咨詢。
馬上就要到2021年ACCA6月考季了，今天會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)為大家?guī)?lái)一道有關(guān)AB科目的經(jīng)典例題，這道題的知識(shí)點(diǎn)涉及的是Mendelow’s power -- interest matrix，下面我們來(lái)看看吧。
題目：A large supermarket chain has purchased land for a new out-of-town shopping development in an area of recognised natural beauty. The organization is now preparing plans for infrastructure development (road access, parking, power) and construction.
Into which quadrant of the above power/interest matrix would the organization place local nature appreciation groups, and what strategy does this indicate?
選項(xiàng)：A Minimal effort ;B Keep informed;C Keep satisfied;D key players
在看完題目之后呢，有些寶寶就開(kāi)始抱怨，這個(gè)題干寫(xiě)的是啥嘛，完全看不懂呢?老師就在此和大家一起看一下這道題：
一個(gè)大型的超市集團(tuán)，打算購(gòu)買(mǎi)郊區(qū)的一塊土地，用于發(fā)展城外購(gòu)物的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，而這塊土地是公認(rèn)的自然美化區(qū)。而這個(gè)超市集團(tuán)呢，打算在上面開(kāi)展基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，比如說(shuō)公路呀。企業(yè)的這一舉動(dòng)呢，就會(huì)遭到環(huán)境保護(hù)組織的反對(duì)，所以這道題就問(wèn)我們，對(duì)于超市來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境保護(hù)組織這一利益相關(guān)者，應(yīng)該放在power/interest matrix矩陣中的哪個(gè)象限里面?
所以，在做這道題之前，我們首先要了解什么是power/interest matrix矩陣?
It is important that an organization meets the needs of the most dominant stakeholders, but the needs of the other stakeholders need to be considered. 對(duì)于企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，了解他們主要利益相關(guān)者的需求是重要的，但是，其他利益相關(guān)者的需求也需要去考慮。
This matrix helps org to decide who is the dominate stakeholder. 企業(yè)利用這個(gè)矩陣以確定哪些利用相關(guān)者對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的。
Mendelow classifies stakeholders on a matrix whose axes are power hold and likelihood of showing an interest on the organization,s activity.
Mendelow把stakeholders放在一個(gè)矩陣?yán)锩?，有兩個(gè)軸，一個(gè)是stakeholders客觀擁有的權(quán)力，另一個(gè)是stakeholders對(duì)企業(yè)活動(dòng)的興趣或利益。
These factors will help define the type of relationship the organization should seek with its stakeholders. 企業(yè)通過(guò)這些因素來(lái)確定和stakeholders的關(guān)系，確定stakeholders的訴求。
Key players are found in segment D :strategy must be acceptable to them. 在D區(qū)域的stakeholders，我們的決策是一定要讓他們接受的，因?yàn)樗麄兊膒ower和interest都很高。比如說(shuō)，企業(yè)的大客戶。
Stakeholders in segment C must be treated with care.While often passive ,they are capable of moving to segment D. They should therefore be kept satisfied. 在C區(qū)域的stakeholders,我們的決策是一定要讓他們滿意的,因?yàn)樗麄兊膒ower是高的，但interest是低的，客觀上他們有很高的power,但是他們不care我們，一旦我們的決策沒(méi)有使他們滿意，他們的interest就會(huì)變高，就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)移到D區(qū)域。所以我們要小心對(duì)待他們。比如說(shuō)，大的機(jī)構(gòu)投資者，政府。
Stakeholders in segment B do not have great ability to influence strategy,but their views can be important in influencing more powerful stakeholder. They should therefore be kept informed. 在B區(qū)域的stakeholders,他們通常沒(méi)有太大的權(quán)力，但是他們的積極性很高，所以企業(yè)有什么重要的決定一定要通知他們，保持信息的透明度，否則，他們就會(huì)游說(shuō)那些有更高權(quán)力的人，去影響我們企業(yè)的決策。比如說(shuō)，社會(huì)上的一些團(tuán)體，壓力組織。
在A區(qū)域的stakeholders,他們稱為 Minimal effort ，他們沒(méi)有太大的權(quán)力，也沒(méi)有很高的積極性，所以我們企業(yè)一般不care他們。
在我們分析完了Mendelow power -- interest matrix模型之后呢，我們來(lái)具體分析一下這道題：
如果企業(yè)的行為真的破壞了環(huán)境的話，當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)境保護(hù)組織一定密切關(guān)注我們的行為，所以它的interest是高的，但是他們本身對(duì)公司決策的影響力并不大low power。他們就會(huì)游說(shuō)那些有更高權(quán)力的人，比如說(shuō)政府，讓政府去干涉我們這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，這樣就會(huì)對(duì)我們企業(yè)產(chǎn)生重大影響。所以我們應(yīng)該把他放在B象限，正確答案選B，大家做對(duì)了嗎?
來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA考試當(dāng)中，“Bad debt&Doubtful debt”作為一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)每年基本都會(huì)出現(xiàn)在考卷里，同時(shí)同學(xué)們?cè)谂龅竭@個(gè)考點(diǎn)也會(huì)經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，對(duì)此，會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)就通關(guān)相關(guān)的例題為大家詳細(xì)講解。
01、What is Bad debt&Doubtful debt
1. Dad debt：
If a debt is definitely irrecoverable it should be written off to statement of profit or loss as a bad debt.
對(duì)應(yīng)收賬款影響：減少Trade receivable balance
2.Doubtful debt：
If a debt is possibly irrecoverable an allowance for the potential irrecoverability of that debt should be made.
分類(lèi)：
1)Specific allowance：
針對(duì)某個(gè)特定客戶的壞賬準(zhǔn)備(Particular/named individual customer)。
2)General allowance=(Trade receivable balance - Bad debt - Specific allowance)*n%
公司跟據(jù)以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定一個(gè)Trade receivable減去Bad debt和Specific allowance后可能發(fā)生壞賬的百分比。
對(duì)應(yīng)收賬款影響：不減少Trade receivable balance
02、Initial recognition
1.Bad debt：
Dr Receivable expense(SPL)
Cr Trade receivables(SOFP)
2. Specific allowance&General allowance
Dr Receivable expense(SPL)
Cr Allowance for receivables(SOFP)
03、Subsequent change in bad debt and doubtful debt
1.Initial bad debt->Subsequent recovered(壞賬收回)
直接記錄收到了現(xiàn)金，抵消過(guò)去記錄的壞賬費(fèi)用，不影響Trade receivable：
Dr Cash
Cr Receivable expense
2.Initial specific debt->Subsequent recovered(壞賬準(zhǔn)備收回)
1)第一步：抵消過(guò)去記錄的壞賬準(zhǔn)備：
Dr Allowance for receivables
Cr Receivable expense
2)第二步：記錄我們收到的現(xiàn)金：
Dr Cash
Cr Trade receivables
3. Initial specific debt->Subsequent go bad(壞賬準(zhǔn)備變成壞賬)
因?yàn)閴馁~準(zhǔn)備和壞賬都是Receivable expense且壞賬準(zhǔn)備變成壞賬時(shí)金額沒(méi)有發(fā)生改變，所以壞賬準(zhǔn)備變成壞賬不影響Receivable expense，也不影響Profit：
Dr Allowance for receivables
Cr Trade receivables
04、Receivable expense的計(jì)算
Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance
= Bad debt + (Closing allowance - Opening allowance)
05、例題
At 30 June 20X4 a company's allowance for receivables was $39,000. At 30 June 20X5 trade receivables totaled $517,000. It was decided to write off debts totaling $37,000. The allowance for receivables was to be adjusted to the equivalent of 5 per cent of the trade receivables.
What figure should appear in the statement of profit or loss for these items?
A. $61,000
B. $22,000
C. $24,000
D. $23,850
分析：題目讓求在利潤(rùn)表中記錄的壞賬和壞賬準(zhǔn)備的費(fèi)用的金額，也就是求計(jì)入利潤(rùn)表的Receivable expense。
Step1：
Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance
= Bad debt + (Closing allowance - Opening allowance)
Step2：
Bad debt題目信息直接給了=37000
Step3：
Movement in allowance = Closing allowance - Opening allowance
= (517000-37000)*5% - 39000 = -15000
Step4：
Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance = 37000-15000 = 22000
所以這道題答案選擇B。
以上就是我們壞賬和壞賬準(zhǔn)備的內(nèi)容，重點(diǎn)需要大家掌握的就是：
Allowance的計(jì)算
Receivable expense的計(jì)算
壞賬收回，壞賬準(zhǔn)備變壞賬，壞賬準(zhǔn)備收回的會(huì)計(jì)處理
來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
2021年ACCA6月考季即將要開(kāi)始了，從歷年考情，Bad debt&Doubtful debt是大家經(jīng)常會(huì)有問(wèn)題的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，對(duì)此會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)通過(guò)幾道經(jīng)典的例題來(lái)為大家詳解該知識(shí)考點(diǎn)。
01、What is Bad debt&Doubtful debt
1. Dad debt：
If a debt is definitely irrecoverable it should be written off to statement of profit or loss as a bad debt.
對(duì)應(yīng)收賬款影響：減少Trade receivable balance
2.Doubtful debt：
If a debt is possibly irrecoverable an allowance for the potential irrecoverability of that debt should be made.
分類(lèi)：
1)Specific allowance：
針對(duì)某個(gè)特定客戶的壞賬準(zhǔn)備(Particular/named individual customer)。
2)General allowance=(Trade receivable balance - Bad debt - Specific allowance)*n%
公司跟據(jù)以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)確定一個(gè)Trade receivable減去Bad debt和Specific allowance后可能發(fā)生壞賬的百分比。
對(duì)應(yīng)收賬款影響：不減少Trade receivable balance
02、Initial recognition
1.Bad debt：
Dr Receivable expense(SPL)
Cr Trade receivables(SOFP)
2. Specific allowance&General allowance
Dr Receivable expense(SPL)
Cr Allowance for receivables(SOFP)
03、Subsequent change in bad debt and doubtful debt
1.Initial bad debt->Subsequent recovered(壞賬收回)
直接記錄收到了現(xiàn)金，抵消過(guò)去記錄的壞賬費(fèi)用，不影響Trade receivable：
Dr Cash
Cr Receivable expense
2.Initial specific debt->Subsequent recovered(壞賬準(zhǔn)備收回)
1)第一步：抵消過(guò)去記錄的壞賬準(zhǔn)備：
Dr Allowance for receivables
Cr Receivable expense
2)第二步：記錄我們收到的現(xiàn)金：
Dr Cash
Cr Trade receivables
3. Initial specific debt->Subsequent go bad(壞賬準(zhǔn)備變成壞賬)
因?yàn)閴馁~準(zhǔn)備和壞賬都是Receivable expense且壞賬準(zhǔn)備變成壞賬時(shí)金額沒(méi)有發(fā)生改變，所以壞賬準(zhǔn)備變成壞賬不影響Receivable expense，也不影響Profit：
Dr Allowance for receivables
Cr Trade receivables
04、Receivable expense的計(jì)算
Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance
= Bad debt + (Closing allowance - Opening allowance)
05、例題
At 30 June 20X4 a company's allowance for receivables was $39,000. At 30 June 20X5 trade receivables totaled $517,000. It was decided to write off debts totaling $37,000. The allowance for receivables was to be adjusted to the equivalent of 5 per cent of the trade receivables.
What figure should appear in the statement of profit or loss for these items?
A. $61,000
B. $22,000
C. $24,000
D. $23,850
分析：題目讓求在利潤(rùn)表中記錄的壞賬和壞賬準(zhǔn)備的費(fèi)用的金額，也就是求計(jì)入利潤(rùn)表的Receivable expense。
Step1：
Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance
= Bad debt + (Closing allowance - Opening allowance)
Step2：
Bad debt題目信息直接給了=37000
Step3：
Movement in allowance = Closing allowance - Opening allowance
= (517000-37000)*5% - 39000 = -15000
Step4：
Receivable expense = Bad debt + Movement in allowance = 37000-15000 = 22000
所以這道題答案選擇B。
以上就是我們壞賬和壞賬準(zhǔn)備的內(nèi)容，重點(diǎn)需要大家掌握的就是：
1、 Allowance的計(jì)算
2、Receivable expense的計(jì)算
3、壞賬收回，壞賬準(zhǔn)備變壞賬，壞賬準(zhǔn)備收回的會(huì)計(jì)處理
來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
Accenture research shows that more than 70%business results will be influenced by outstanding finance function.Any enterprise doesn’t achieve the finance function transforming will definitely be threatened in nowadays fierce competition for lacking of decision support.As qualified finance executives,we should simplify the underlying business process,increase the time of decision-making support.Worldwide top companies have seized the opportunity to transform the finance function to achieve more effective financial work,then how about you?
This course invites Dr.Alan Parkinson,the well-known professor of University College London,to be the honorable lecturer on presenting the impacts of the changing world on finance function,and raising the response of finance function to the external influences.Alan will also guide the finance executives to utilize‘DMAIC Principle’(Define,Measure,Analyze,Improve,and Control)for optimizing company’s finance process.This course will help companies create values from customers’perspective and implement effective financial reform for enhancing competitive advantages.
?Knowing current worldwide changes and their major influence on finance function
?Understanding the finance function solutions for coping the changes and the development tendency of finance accounting
?Learning‘DMAIC Principle’for optimizing the finance process
?Strengthening data mining and acknowledgement
?Building partnership between finance and management level
?Enhancing value creation from customers’perspective
CFO
Finance Director
Chief Accountant
Finance Manager
Finance/Accounting Personnel
Day 1 |
-The implications of a changing world for the Finance function -Tasks of Accountants -Changes in The Organisational World -Manual Workers vs Knowledge Workers -The Impact on the World of Accountants Finance in the Future -The Shift in Focus within Finance -Better Performance Through Better Finance Support -Finance and IT Interfaces -Changing Information Demands Improve the Finance process:Inputs into Outputs -‘Business Partners’ -‘Lean’methodology -Undesirable effects(UDE’s) -Force field analysis Balanced scorecards -BSC KPIs -BSC Mechanisms -Practical Application -Advice For Successful Implementation -The Efficiency/Effectiveness Matrix Key performance indicators -Measuring Efficiency,Effectiveness,Economy -The 3Es&VFM -Holistic Measures -The Efficiency/Effectiveness Matrix |
Day 2 |
USING BUDGETS TO MANAGE AND PLAN:Beyond Conventional Budgeting -STRATEGIC CORPORATE PLAN -Budget Relationships(based on commercial business) -Traditional Budgeting -Playing Games with the Budget -The Hockey Stick -Influencing behaviorthrough responsibility accounting -The Utility of Budgets From‘Old’to‘New’Budgeting -Alternative Business Structures -Six Principles of Devolved Leadership -Unsuitability of Budgets -Six Adaptive Processes Thoughts about costs -Another Way of Looking at Costs -Full Costing -Contribution Costing‘Contribution Significance’in Your Area -Activity Based Costing and Illustration -Cost Pools Variances from Budgets -Making Sense of Budget Variances -Investigating Variances |
想了解詳細(xì)課程資料，點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁(yè)左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo)，與在線老師交流。
在歷年的ACCA考試中，大家遇到合并資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的考題，都會(huì)皺起眉頭不知如何解答，為了幫助大家提高答題效率，下面會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)為各位考生講解關(guān)于合并資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表的做題技巧。
六大步驟
對(duì)于考試中的合并資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表，可以分成下面六個(gè)步驟：
(1)對(duì)于母公司或者子公司單體報(bào)表的調(diào)整;
(2)將子公司的凈資產(chǎn)分成收購(gòu)日之前(Pre-acquisition)和收購(gòu)日之后(Post-acquisition)兩個(gè)部分;
(3)根據(jù)題目的條件，對(duì)公允價(jià)值、內(nèi)部交易、股利等進(jìn)行調(diào)整;
(4)將Pre-acquisition的凈資產(chǎn)和母公司對(duì)子公司的投資(Investment in S)進(jìn)行抵消，產(chǎn)生少數(shù)股東權(quán)益(NCI)及商譽(yù)(Goodwill);
(5)將Pre-acquisition的凈資產(chǎn)按照母公司對(duì)子公司的持股比例進(jìn)行分配給Group retained earnings和NCI;
(6)將上述調(diào)整完成的報(bào)表逐行相加。
舉例練習(xí)
我們以2011年12月的第一題為例，采用上述方法對(duì)他進(jìn)行合并：
(1)對(duì)于母公司或者子公司單體報(bào)表的調(diào)整，其中最為常見(jiàn)的就是母公司單體報(bào)表的調(diào)整，例如遇到母公司對(duì)子公司投資(Consideration)中的漏記錯(cuò)記需要做出調(diào)整。
報(bào)表中只記錄了Cash consideration，忽略了deferred consideration，所以在收購(gòu)日當(dāng)天需要做出調(diào)整：
但是千萬(wàn)不要忘記收購(gòu)日離報(bào)表日中間的這段時(shí)間，對(duì)于Provision來(lái)說(shuō)要做后續(xù)計(jì)量：
(2)將子公司的凈資產(chǎn)分成收購(gòu)日之前和收購(gòu)日之后兩個(gè)部分，retained earnings也就是下面的12,000和6,000兩個(gè)部分，所以收購(gòu)日前的Pre-acquisition net assets應(yīng)該是22,000(10,000+12,000)，收購(gòu)日后的Post-acquisition是6,000;
(3)根據(jù)題目的條件，做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：
i)公允價(jià)值調(diào)整
在收購(gòu)日的調(diào)整，由于是在收購(gòu)日調(diào)整，所以公允價(jià)值應(yīng)該調(diào)整到pre-acquisition net assets之中：
ii)母子公司之間互相買(mǎi)賣(mài)存貨，需要做出兩個(gè)，一是相互抵消收入和成本(該抵消只涉及到SPL的科目，所以在合并SOFP中可以忽略)，二是抵消未實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)。
本題中沒(méi)有其他的收購(gòu)日以后的調(diào)整了，但是在考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的還有下面幾種情況：
iii)如果有母子公司之間應(yīng)收應(yīng)付也需要抵消：
Dr. Trade receivables
Cr. Trade payables
Cash-in-transit如果有在途資金的情況，先默認(rèn)收到錢(qián)，在抵消母公司和子公司之間的TR/TP：
Dr. Cash
Cr. Trade payables
Dr. Trade receivables
Cr. Trade payables
Goods-in-transit如果是發(fā)送貨物還沒(méi)有收到，先默認(rèn)收到貨物，再抵消母公司和子公司之間的TR/TP，同時(shí)要注意在途貨物，由于貨物并未賣(mài)出，還需要調(diào)整未實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤(rùn)：
Dr. Inventories
Cr. Trade payables
Dr. Trade receivables
Cr. Trade payables
Dr. Seller’s COS(PURP)
Cr. Inventories(PURP)
iv)如果是母公司子公司之間有相互的貸款，抵消掉Investment/Loan Note
Dr. Loan note
Cr. Investment
v)如果子公司給母公司分紅，如果是還未支付，則Dividends payable/Dividends receivable相互抵消;如果是已經(jīng)支付則不做處理
Dr. Dividends payable
Cr. Dividends receivable
(4)匯總pre-acquisition的部分，并和Investment in S進(jìn)行抵消，抵消產(chǎn)生NCI及Goodwill：
(5)匯總post-acquisition的部分，按照持股比例進(jìn)行分?jǐn)?/p>
(6)將調(diào)整以后的數(shù)逐行相加，就編制出集團(tuán)的合并報(bào)表了。
來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
QS世界大學(xué)排名（英文：QS World University Rankings;簡(jiǎn)稱QS rankings），是由全球高等教育研究機(jī)構(gòu)Quacquarelli Symonds（QS）所發(fā)表的年度世界大學(xué)排名。排名包括主要的世界大學(xué)綜合排名及學(xué)科排名
影響QS世界大學(xué)排名的數(shù)據(jù)主要有三種：
第一是QS的獨(dú)立調(diào)查問(wèn)卷結(jié)果
第二是各類(lèi)學(xué)術(shù)研究成果、摘要和論文引文的國(guó)際數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
第三是各所大學(xué)，包括學(xué)生數(shù)量、教師數(shù)量以及人員構(gòu)成的國(guó)際化比例數(shù)據(jù)
QS排行榜主要考慮學(xué)校的六個(gè)指標(biāo)：
1.acaemic reputation學(xué)術(shù)聲譽(yù)（占比40%）
2.employer reputation雇主聲譽(yù)（占比10%）
3.faculty/stuent ratio師生比（占比20%）
4.citations per faculty文獻(xiàn)引用數(shù)（占比20%）
5.international faculty ratio國(guó)際教職工比例（占比5%）
6.international stuent ratio國(guó)際生比例（占比5%）
QS排名的參考指標(biāo)維度非常之多，這么多細(xì)分的指標(biāo)也是為了呈現(xiàn)當(dāng)下全球高校在不同維度上的表現(xiàn)。
其實(shí)學(xué)校排名只是一方面，而國(guó)際三大商學(xué)認(rèn)證能夠很好反映出商學(xué)院的MBA教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
具體是哪三大認(rèn)證？即：AACSB、EQUIS、AMBA。
QS排名的參考指標(biāo)維度非常之多，這么多細(xì)分的指標(biāo)也是為了呈現(xiàn)當(dāng)下全球高校在不同維度上的表現(xiàn)。
其實(shí)學(xué)校排名只是一方面，而國(guó)際三大商學(xué)認(rèn)證能夠很好反映出商學(xué)院的MBA教學(xué)質(zhì)量。
具體是哪三大認(rèn)證？即：AACSB、EQUIS、AMBA。
AACSB、EQUIS、AMBA
按認(rèn)證時(shí)長(zhǎng)和認(rèn)證難度來(lái)看，AACSB＞EQUIS＞AMBA。AACSB平均認(rèn)證時(shí)間需要5-7年，EQUIS認(rèn)證需要1-2年，AMBA認(rèn)證需要9-18個(gè)月。這三項(xiàng)認(rèn)證被稱為MBA項(xiàng)目的“質(zhì)檢總局”，是商學(xué)領(lǐng)域的“三皇冠”，有認(rèn)證的MBA，教學(xué)質(zhì)量更有公信力。
AACSB認(rèn)證
AACSB（The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business），譯為國(guó)際商學(xué)院協(xié)會(huì)，成立于1916年，是認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)中的百年老店，是全球首屈一指的商學(xué)院和會(huì)計(jì)項(xiàng)目非政府認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)，自1919年開(kāi)始推行高等管理教育認(rèn)證。
AACSB認(rèn)證重點(diǎn)是教育質(zhì)量，其商學(xué)認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大部分規(guī)定都與教育質(zhì)量密切相關(guān)。AACSB致力于保持和提高全球工商管理教育的質(zhì)量，它的規(guī)范與評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已成為全球管理教育的最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)主要包括：使命及目標(biāo)、課程內(nèi)容及評(píng)價(jià)、教師研究成果、學(xué)生、教育資源及責(zé)任、智力支持。
獲得AACSB認(rèn)證資格的商學(xué)院必然具備以下特征：根據(jù)不斷調(diào)整的使命進(jìn)行資源配置；教師擁有先進(jìn)的商業(yè)和管理知識(shí)；提供高質(zhì)量的教學(xué)和前沿的課程體系；鼓勵(lì)師生互動(dòng)；培養(yǎng)的畢業(yè)生能完成既定的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。
AACSB的認(rèn)證制度之嚴(yán)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之高，冠居全球，因而該認(rèn)證含金量最高，全球范圍內(nèi)僅有5%的商學(xué)院獲得了久負(fù)盛名的AACSB認(rèn)證。
EQUIS認(rèn)證
EQUIS是歐洲管理發(fā)展基金會(huì)（EFMD）創(chuàng)辦的一個(gè)以認(rèn)證為形式，對(duì)高等管理教育機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)，推動(dòng)教育進(jìn)步的國(guó)際認(rèn)證體系。該認(rèn)證于1996年起推行，是歐洲最嚴(yán)格的質(zhì)量認(rèn)證體系。
EQUIS認(rèn)證重點(diǎn)關(guān)注國(guó)際化及校企互動(dòng)。EQUIS不宣揚(yáng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，它崇尚項(xiàng)目形式的多樣性、學(xué)院的多樣性，該認(rèn)證是從整體來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)認(rèn)證對(duì)象，認(rèn)證過(guò)程非常嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。以MBA項(xiàng)目認(rèn)證為例，除要求高等管理教育機(jī)構(gòu)提供證明其在本國(guó)內(nèi)擁有高水平的教學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的有力證據(jù)以外，還要求該機(jī)構(gòu)課程必須高度國(guó)際化，學(xué)生必須具備全球使命感等。此外，EQUIS認(rèn)為高等管理教管機(jī)構(gòu)與工商業(yè)界之間應(yīng)密切聯(lián)系，保持專(zhuān)業(yè)理論知識(shí)和商業(yè)實(shí)踐之間的平衡。
獲得EQUIS認(rèn)證的商學(xué)院不僅要展示他們?cè)诨顒?dòng)各方面的高質(zhì)量，還要表現(xiàn)出高度的國(guó)際化，必須與企業(yè)界緊密互動(dòng)，從而在出色的學(xué)術(shù)質(zhì)量與專(zhuān)業(yè)實(shí)用性間實(shí)現(xiàn)平衡。全球范圍內(nèi)僅有1%的商學(xué)院獲得了EQUIS認(rèn)證。
AMBA認(rèn)證
AMBA于1967年在英國(guó)成立，是專(zhuān)門(mén)從事MBA質(zhì)量認(rèn)證的獨(dú)立機(jī)構(gòu)。AMBA認(rèn)證僅針對(duì)被認(rèn)證高等管理教育機(jī)構(gòu)所提供的MBA學(xué)位。
AMBA認(rèn)證重點(diǎn)關(guān)注商務(wù)和管理實(shí)踐。AMBA認(rèn)證注重體現(xiàn)商務(wù)和管理實(shí)踐的發(fā)展。其認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括：高等管理教育機(jī)構(gòu)整個(gè)MBA項(xiàng)目的質(zhì)量、機(jī)構(gòu)能否獨(dú)立自主地頒授學(xué)位、個(gè)人及MBA畢業(yè)生雇主是否認(rèn)同國(guó)際MBA認(rèn)證體系。
AMBA的國(guó)際認(rèn)證是學(xué)院躋身國(guó)際高等商科教育的舞臺(tái)，成為國(guó)際知名商學(xué)院的通行證。全球范圍內(nèi)僅有2%的商學(xué)院獲得了AMBA認(rèn)證。
●AACSB和EQUIS評(píng)估對(duì)象為商學(xué)院；
●AMBA評(píng)估對(duì)象為MBA學(xué)位。
獲得國(guó)際三大認(rèn)證是什么水平？
我國(guó)大陸地區(qū)MBA院?？偣彩?78所，同時(shí)獲得國(guó)際三項(xiàng)認(rèn)證的院校，只有12所，占比僅為4.3%
國(guó)際MBA院校13000+，獲得三項(xiàng)權(quán)威商學(xué)認(rèn)證的只有110+，不到10%。
國(guó)際三大認(rèn)證是MBA項(xiàng)目辦學(xué)水平的最好說(shuō)明，是MBA學(xué)位含金量的體現(xiàn)，也是MBA畢業(yè)生質(zhì)量的一種保證。
在ACCA考試中，折扣知識(shí)點(diǎn)可是FA科目非常重要的一個(gè)內(nèi)容，本文會(huì)通過(guò)例題的形式幫助大家理解和掌握discount的會(huì)計(jì)處理和計(jì)算。
01、Definitions
Trade discount(商業(yè)折扣)
A trade discount is a reduction in the list price. It is often given in return for bulk purchase order.
在采購(gòu)或者是銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)確定了是否會(huì)使用折扣
Settlement discount (現(xiàn)金折扣)
A settlement discount (cash discount) is a reduction of in the amount payable. It is often given in return for earlier payment.
在采購(gòu)或者是銷(xiāo)售發(fā)生的時(shí)候是不確定的，在付款日才確定是否會(huì)使用折扣。
02、Accounting for discount
Trade discount 商業(yè)折扣
Trade discounts allowed should be deducted from the sales price.：直接在采購(gòu)或者銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候就減去
Purchase站在采購(gòu)方的角度
Golden purchases goods on credit from Supplier A at a gross cost of $100, and receives a trade discount of 5%.
Dr Purchase 95 (100-100*5%)
Cr Payable 95 (100-100*5%)
Sale 站在銷(xiāo)售方的角度
Golden purchases goods on credit from Customer B at a gross cost of $100, and offer a trade discount of 5%.
Dr Receivables 95 (100-100*5%)
Cr Sales 95 (100-100*5%)
cash discount 現(xiàn)金折扣
現(xiàn)金折扣的處理分為discount received和 discount allowed：
For buyer (discount received)：
At transaction date, record full invoiced amount. If subsequently take the discount, then the discount received is recorded as an income.
站在采購(gòu)方的角度，如果后續(xù)使用了現(xiàn)金折扣，那么就記錄一個(gè)收入discount received。
For seller (discount allowed)：
If a customer is expected to take up a cash/settlement discount, the discount is deducted from sales revenue. If the customer subsequently does not take up the discount, the discount is then recorded as sales revenue.
站在買(mǎi)方的角度，處理較為復(fù)雜;首先在發(fā)生銷(xiāo)售時(shí)，如果企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)客戶會(huì)接受現(xiàn)金折扣)，則在記錄銷(xiāo)售時(shí)應(yīng)確認(rèn)收入減去此折扣。
If the customer is not expected to take up the discount, the full invoiced amount is recognized as revenue when recording the sale.
如果在發(fā)生銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候，預(yù)計(jì)客戶不會(huì)使用現(xiàn)金折扣，那么就記錄銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候就按照實(shí)際銷(xiāo)售的金額全額記錄。
If the customer subsequently does take up the discount, revenue is then reduced by the discount.
如果客戶后續(xù)使用了這個(gè)折扣，那么就要調(diào)整收入，從收入中將折扣減去。
看定義對(duì)于同學(xué)們來(lái)說(shuō)，還是非常容易混淆，所以接下來(lái)我們會(huì)通過(guò)一道例題，給大家展示不同情況下的會(huì)計(jì)處理和計(jì)算。
03、例題
接下來(lái)我們會(huì)分別展示站在銷(xiāo)售方A，和站在采購(gòu)方B兩個(gè)不同的角度應(yīng)該如何做會(huì)計(jì)處理：
Accounting for customer B：discount received
1. At 1 July 20x6. Initially record the purchase as follows 記錄采購(gòu)：
Dr Purchases 2000
Cr Payable 2000
2. If subsequently take the discount(paid before 14 July 20x6)如果使用了現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Payable 2000
Cr Cash 1920 (2000-2000*4%)
Cr Discount received 80 (income) (2000*4%=80)
3、If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20x6)如果后續(xù)沒(méi)有使用現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Payable 2000
Cr Cash 2000
Accounting for supplier A：discount allowed
情景一：
1. At 1 July 20x6. If A expected the customer B will take the advantage of the early settlement discount銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候預(yù)計(jì)客戶會(huì)使用現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Receivable 1920 (2000-2000*4%)
Cr Sales 1920
2. If subsequently take the discount (paid before 14 July 20x6)如果客戶后續(xù)確實(shí)使用了現(xiàn)金折扣
Dr Cash 1920
Cr Receivable 1920
3. If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20x6)如果后續(xù)客戶沒(méi)有使用現(xiàn)金折扣，這時(shí)候要調(diào)整我們之前記錄的銷(xiāo)售，之前認(rèn)為銷(xiāo)售的金額是減去了折扣的，所以現(xiàn)在要調(diào)增：
Dr Cash 2000
Cr Receivable 1920
Cr Sales 80
情景二：
1. At 1 July 20x6. If A expected the customer B will NOT take the advantage of the early settlement discount 銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候預(yù)計(jì)客戶不會(huì)使用折扣：
Dr Receivable 2000
Cr Sales 2000
2. If subsequently take the discount (paid before 14 July 20x6) 如果后續(xù)客戶使用了這個(gè)折扣，調(diào)整之前確認(rèn)的銷(xiāo)售：
Dr Cash 1920
Dr Sale 80
Cr receivable 2000
3. If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20x6) 如果后續(xù)客戶沒(méi)有使用這個(gè)折扣：
Dr Cash 2000
Cr Receivable 2000
來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA考試里，discount一直都是FA科目中一個(gè)非常重要的高頻考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，對(duì)此，會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)將會(huì)以例題的形式為大家重點(diǎn)講解關(guān)于discount的會(huì)計(jì)處理和計(jì)算。
01、Definitions
Trade discount(商業(yè)折扣)
A trade discount is a reduction in the list price. It is often given in return for bulk purchase order.
在采購(gòu)或者是銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)確定了是否會(huì)使用折扣
Settlement discount (現(xiàn)金折扣)
A settlement discount (cash discount) is a reduction of in the amount payable. It is often given in return for earlier payment.
在采購(gòu)或者是銷(xiāo)售發(fā)生的時(shí)候是不確定的，在付款日才確定是否會(huì)使用折扣
02、Accounting for discount
Trade discount 商業(yè)折扣
Trade discounts allowed should be deducted from the sales price.：直接在采購(gòu)或者銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候就減去
Purchase站在采購(gòu)方的角度
Golden purchases goods on credit from Supplier A at a gross cost of $100, and receives a trade discount of 5%.
Dr Purchase 95 (100-100*5%)
Cr Payable 95 (100-100*5%)
Sale 站在銷(xiāo)售方的角度
Golden purchases goods on credit from Customer B at a gross cost of $100, and offer a trade discount of 5%.
Dr Receivables 95 (100-100*5%)
Cr Sales 95 (100-100*5%)
cash discount 現(xiàn)金折扣
現(xiàn)金折扣的處理分為discount received和 discount allowed：
For buyer (discount received)：
At transaction date, record full invoiced amount. If subsequently take the discount, then the discount received is recorded as an income.
站在采購(gòu)方的角度，如果后續(xù)使用了現(xiàn)金折扣，那么就記錄一個(gè)收入discount received。
For seller (discount allowed)：
If a customer is expected to take up a cash/settlement discount, the discount is deducted from sales revenue. If the customer subsequently does not take up the discount, the discount is then recorded as sales revenue.
站在買(mǎi)方的角度，處理較為復(fù)雜;首先在發(fā)生銷(xiāo)售時(shí)，如果企業(yè)預(yù)計(jì)客戶會(huì)接受現(xiàn)金折扣)，則在記錄銷(xiāo)售時(shí)應(yīng)確認(rèn)收入減去此折扣。
If the customer is not expected to take up the discount, the full invoiced amount is recognized as revenue when recording the sale.
如果在發(fā)生銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候，預(yù)計(jì)客戶不會(huì)使用現(xiàn)金折扣，那么就記錄銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候就按照實(shí)際銷(xiāo)售的金額全額記錄。
If the customer subsequently does take up the discount, revenue is then reduced by the discount.
如果客戶后續(xù)使用了這個(gè)折扣，那么就要調(diào)整收入，從收入中將折扣減去。
看定義對(duì)于同學(xué)們來(lái)說(shuō)，還是非常容易混淆，所以接下來(lái)我們會(huì)通過(guò)一道例題，給大家展示不同情況下的會(huì)計(jì)處理和計(jì)算。
03、例題
接下來(lái)我們會(huì)分別展示站在銷(xiāo)售方A，和站在采購(gòu)方B兩個(gè)不同的角度應(yīng)該如何做會(huì)計(jì)處理：
Accounting for customer B：discount received
1. At 1 July 20x6. Initially record the purchase as follows 記錄采購(gòu)：
Dr Purchases 2000
Cr Payable 2000
2. If subsequently take the discount(paid before 14 July 20x6)如果使用了現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Payable 2000
Cr Cash 1920 (2000-2000*4%)
Cr Discount received 80 (income) (2000*4%=80)
3、If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20x6)如果后續(xù)沒(méi)有使用現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Payable 2000
Cr Cash 2000
Accounting for supplier A：discount allowed
情景一：
1. At 1 July 20x6. If A expected the customer B will take the advantage of the early settlement discount銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候預(yù)計(jì)客戶會(huì)使用現(xiàn)金折扣：
Dr Receivable 1920 (2000-2000*4%)
Cr Sales 1920
2. If subsequently take the discount (paid before 14 July 20x6)如果客戶后續(xù)確實(shí)使用了現(xiàn)金折扣
Dr Cash 1920
Cr Receivable 1920
3. If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20x6)如果后續(xù)客戶沒(méi)有使用現(xiàn)金折扣，這時(shí)候要調(diào)整我們之前記錄的銷(xiāo)售，之前認(rèn)為銷(xiāo)售的金額是減去了折扣的，所以現(xiàn)在要調(diào)增：
Dr Cash 2000
Cr Receivable 1920
Cr Sales 80
情景二：
1. At 1 July 20x6. If A expected the customer B will NOT take the advantage of the early settlement discount 銷(xiāo)售的時(shí)候預(yù)計(jì)客戶不會(huì)使用折扣：
Dr Receivable 2000
Cr Sales 2000
2. If subsequently take the discount (paid before 14 July 20x6) 如果后續(xù)客戶使用了這個(gè)折扣，調(diào)整之前確認(rèn)的銷(xiāo)售：
Dr Cash 1920
Dr Sale 80
Cr receivable 2000
3. If subsequently not take (paid after 14 July 20x6) 如果后續(xù)客戶沒(méi)有使用這個(gè)折扣：
Dr Cash 2000
Cr Receivable 2000
來(lái)源：ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
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