2020年ACCA12月考季臨近,根據(jù)考生所反饋,大家在備考過程中碰到問題最多的就是成本技術(shù)-Throughput Accounting這個考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就為大家詳解下這部分內(nèi)容。
同學(xué)們需要從四個方面考慮,Background、Throughput、TPAR、Advantages & Disadvantages
01、Background
? Just in time(JIT):JIT是一種管理理念。在JIT下,企業(yè)注重運(yùn)營效率,目標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)所需要的產(chǎn)品,而不是庫存。在JIT管理理念下,一般使用Throughput accounting進(jìn)行成本核算。
Key points:JIT的特征是不喜歡存貨,按照訂單生產(chǎn)和采購。
? Theory of constraints(TOC):Bottleneck determines the whole production capacity of the organisation.
Key points:
a. External & Internal:瓶頸可以是內(nèi)部的也可以是外部的,但是外部的難以管理。
b. There is one and only one bottleneck:有且僅有一個瓶頸。
c. Five steps for dealing with a bottleneck activity(identify-exploit-subordinate-elevate-return)找到瓶頸-充分利用-其他流程協(xié)作-提升瓶頸-重新定義新的瓶頸。
02、Throughput
Assumption:假設(shè)短期內(nèi)只有原材料成本是變動成本
Calculation of profit
Key points:
a. Value of inventory=Material cost
b. Throughput=Sales revenue of sales volume- Direct material purchase costs,所以要想throughput最大化必須要讓采購進(jìn)來的存貨盡快銷售出去產(chǎn)生銷售收入。
c. 在TA中,只有material cost是變動成本,其余的包括labour cost都是固定成本,寫法有:Operational expenses/Total Factory costs/Conversion cost/Fixed cost,但是需要注意Factory costs≠Factory overhead,F(xiàn)actory overhead只是間接的固定成本,還需要在TA中特殊存在的直接的固定成本,通常就是labour cost (factory overhead+labour cost=factory costs)。
03、Throughput accounting ratio(TPAR)
? 首先當(dāng)然是讓大家瑟瑟發(fā)抖的公式要會背:
Key points:
1. 計算TPAR
Return per factory hour需要注意分子和分母的單位都是per unit(單位金額、單位數(shù)量)
Cost per factory hour需要注意分子分母都是total(總金額、總數(shù)量),如果是同一個工廠里面生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品,Cost per factory hour是相等的。
2. 提升TPAR
提升TPAR的分子Return per factory hour:
分子:(Sales revenue per unit-material cost per unit)↑
分母:Bottleneck resources per unit ↓,每一單位使用的瓶頸資源減少,即瓶頸資源使用效率提升。
減少TPAR的分母Cost per factory hour:
分子:Total factory cost ↓,也就是總的固定成本減少。
分母:Total bottleneck resources ↑,總的可使用瓶頸資源增加,也就是產(chǎn)能增加。
做題步驟:1.找到瓶頸;2.分析瓶頸流程的TPAR
3. 最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)計劃:TPAR越大越好。
做題步驟:
Step 1:找到瓶頸資源;
Step 2:計算TPAR(如果是同一個工廠內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品可以直接通過return per factory hour進(jìn)行比較)
Step 3:按照計算出來的TPAR或者return per factory hour進(jìn)行排序,越大的越先生產(chǎn)。(如果有已經(jīng)簽了合同的產(chǎn)品,優(yōu)先滿足合同,再考慮TPAR的生產(chǎn)計劃)
04、Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
1)reduce inventory holding cost減少存貨持有量
2)value for money allocation of scarece resource對稀缺資源的價值分配
3)encourage short-term maximization鼓勵關(guān)注短期最大化
4)cost benefit analysis成本效益分析
Disadvantages:
1)short-termism過于短視化
2)risk of stock out缺貨風(fēng)險
以上就是我們Throughput Accounting的??贾R點(diǎn),建議大家計算部分該背的背一背,文字部分主要靠理解,記住關(guān)鍵詞。但是光靠看肯定是不行的,還需要大家動動手做做題,反復(fù)鞏固才可以順利通過考試哦~
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
Accounting for overhead在ACCA(MA)科目考試中十分重要,對于Accounting for overhead 包含三個流程內(nèi)容:allocation,apportionment,absorption。對此,會計網(wǎng)今天著重為大家詳解這個核心考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。
Q1、What is “3A”
在吸收成本法中認(rèn)為產(chǎn)品成本應(yīng)該包含所有的生產(chǎn)成本,對于直接人工成本,直接原材料成本和直接費(fèi)用可以直接計入到產(chǎn)品成本中,但是對于生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用不能直接計入到鏟平成本中,為了解決這個問題,我們在accounting for overhead章節(jié)中學(xué)習(xí)了“3A”法:allocation,apportionment,absorption,具體流程如下:
第一步Allocation:
Allocation is the process by which whole cost items are charged direct to a cost unit or cost centre.(將生產(chǎn)成本中的直接成本直接分派到產(chǎn)品上,將不能直接歸屬到產(chǎn)品上的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用,歸屬到部門上,生產(chǎn)部門的費(fèi)用歸屬到生產(chǎn)部門上,生產(chǎn)車間中服務(wù)部門的費(fèi)用歸屬到服務(wù)部門上,對于無法區(qū)分的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用比如水電費(fèi),生產(chǎn)部門和服務(wù)部門都有并且不好區(qū)分,此時就歸集到general cost center)
第二步apportionment:
Apportionment is a procedure whereby indirect costs are spread fairly between cost centre.(將服務(wù)部門和general cost centre中的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門)
共有兩次分?jǐn)偅?/p>
Apportionment(一次分?jǐn)?:將general cost centre中的成本分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門和服務(wù)部門
Reapportionment(二次分?jǐn)?、再分?jǐn)?:將服務(wù)部門中的成本分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門。
第三步absorption:
Overhead absorption is the process whereby overhead costs allocated and apportioned to production cost centres are added to unit, job or batch costs.(將生產(chǎn)部門中的生產(chǎn)成本吸收到單位產(chǎn)品中)
我們本次的重點(diǎn)就是Reapportionment(二次分?jǐn)?、再分?jǐn)?:將服務(wù)部門中的成本分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門。
Q2、The methods of reapportionment
在reapportionment中涉及三類方式:
Direct method,
step down method,
reciprocal method
(對于reciprocal method交互法共包含兩種方法:Repeated distribution持續(xù)分配和Algebra代數(shù)法,但是Repeated distribution在考試中不進(jìn)行考察,所以這里只講解代數(shù)法,并且當(dāng)題目中指明使用交互法進(jìn)行計算時,默認(rèn)使用代數(shù)法)。
會計網(wǎng)通過表格的形式進(jìn)行總結(jié)并附加一道例題對于這三種方式進(jìn)行講解。
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA考試里,Accounting for overhead在MA科目考試中是十分重要的,對于Accounting for overhead 包含三個流程內(nèi)容:allocation,apportionment,absorption。本次文章就是對于apportionment中的reappointment(再分?jǐn)?進(jìn)行講解。
Example
What would be the total overheads for production department A once the service department costs have been apportioned?
1. Direct method
Step 1:分?jǐn)侾部門
A分?jǐn)偟降馁M(fèi)用=2500*25%/80%(W1)=$781.25
Step 2: 分?jǐn)俀部門
A分?jǐn)偟降馁M(fèi)用=2700*20%/75%=$720
Step 3: 求和
Total overhead of A= 3000+781.25+720=4501.25
W1:按照已知條件,P部門的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用會分?jǐn)偨o四個部門A25%,B25%,C30%,Q20%,此時的分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)是25%+25%+30%+30%=100%。但是在Direct method 中,認(rèn)為服務(wù)部門之間不進(jìn)行費(fèi)用分?jǐn)?,所以此時在分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)中要把服務(wù)部門Q的20%,分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)就是變?yōu)榱?00%-20%=80%, A部門在這其中的占比就變成25%/80%. 同理在分?jǐn)俀部門時,分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)也從100%,變成了100%-25%=75%,此時在分?jǐn)俀部門費(fèi)用時,A部門的占比為20%/75%
Summary:當(dāng)服務(wù)部門之間不進(jìn)行分?jǐn)倳r,分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)要排除服務(wù)部門的占比,也就是分母要排除服務(wù)部門的占比。
2. Step down method
Step 1:分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用大的部門,Q(會分?jǐn)偨o服務(wù)部門)
A分?jǐn)偟劫M(fèi)用=2700*20%=$540
P分?jǐn)偟劫M(fèi)用=2700*25%=$675
Step 2: 分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用小的部門,P的總費(fèi)用(不進(jìn)行服務(wù)部門之間分?jǐn)?
Total overhead P=675+2500=$3175
A分?jǐn)偟劫M(fèi)用=3175*25%/80%=$992.19
Step 3: 求和
Total overhead of A= 3000+540+992.19=$4532.19
3. reciprocal method (Algebra代數(shù)法,服務(wù)部門之間相互分?jǐn)?
Step 1:設(shè)立未知數(shù)解方程,假設(shè)P總共分?jǐn)偝鋈サ馁M(fèi)用為P’, Q總共分?jǐn)偝鋈サ馁M(fèi)用為Q’
P’=2500+25%Q’
Q’=2700+20%P’
解得:P’=$3342.11 Q’=$3368.42
Step 2: 求分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用
P部門分?jǐn)偨oA=3342.11*25%=$835.53
Q部門分?jǐn)偨oA=3368.42*20%=673.68
Step 3: 求和
Total overhead of A= 3000+835.53+673.68=$4509.21
以上是我們在reapportionment中涉及的知識點(diǎn),在考試中reapportionment考察的分值大致為2-4分,出現(xiàn)在section A部分,以計算題為主。
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
稅收征管的內(nèi)容在ACCA(TX)科目考試當(dāng)中占比大約為10%。這些題目其實(shí)難度不高,只要大家稍微下點(diǎn)功夫記憶一下HMRC的規(guī)定,就可以拿到分?jǐn)?shù)。對此會計網(wǎng)為大家整理了重要的高頻出現(xiàn)的稅收征管規(guī)定,希望有所幫助。
個人納稅申報表 (18/19)
【上交截止日】
① 和②兩者取晚:
?、?紙質(zhì):2019.10.31 電子:2020.1.31
?、?HMRC 通知交表+三個月
【晚交罰款】
<3個月 £100
3-6個月 追加 超過三個月每天多£10
6-12個月 追加 5% of tax due 最少£300)
【修改截止日】
納稅人在應(yīng)該上交日后12月內(nèi)
稅務(wù)局在真正上交日后9個月內(nèi)
【錯誤罰款】
由于錯誤產(chǎn)生的少交稅款
乘稅率表中最后的罰款表格中的百分比
個人交稅 (18/19)
【稅款】
Payment on account
時間:2019.1.31&2019.7.31
金額:50%*(去年稅款+class 4)
Balancing payment
時間:2020.1.31
金額:class 2+CGT+剩余稅款和class4
【稅款晚交】
Payment on account
晚交罰息(3%)
Balancing payment
晚交罰息(3%)
罰款:
< 6個月 5%*未繳稅款
6-12個月 追加5%*未繳稅款
>12個月 再追加5%*未繳稅款
個人納稅記錄保持(18/19)
有Trading income 或 Property income的納稅人:2025.1.31;其他納稅人:2021.1.31
(沒保留足夠時間,最多罰£3,000)
【合規(guī)檢查】
HMRC書面通知合規(guī)檢查的截止日
按時提交納稅申報表:
真正上交日+12個月
納稅申報表晚交:
真正上交日后的quarter day +12個月
企業(yè)納稅申報表(18/19)
【上交截止日】
?、俸廷谌⊥恚?/p>
?、?會計期末日+十二個月
?、?HMRC 通知交表+三個月
【交晚罰款】
第一次第二次晚交:
<3個月 £100 3-6個月 £200
6-12個月 £200+10% unpaid tax
>12個月 £200+20% unpaid tax
第三次及以上晚交
<3個月 £500 3-6個月 £1000
6-12個月 £1000+10% unpaid tax
>12個月 £1000+20% unpaid tax
【修改截止日】
納稅人在應(yīng)該上交日后十二月內(nèi)
稅務(wù)局在真正上交日后九個月內(nèi)
【錯誤罰款】
由于錯誤產(chǎn)生的少交稅款
乘稅率表中最后的罰款表格中的百分比
企稅交稅
【稅款】
中小型公司:accounting period + 9個月零1天
大公司:
分期付,每次交的金額:
估計的企稅金額*3/accounting period 月份數(shù)
accounting period 開始后第7個月14th,第10個月14th,第13個月14th,第16個月14th
(最后一筆時間固定,下個accounting period 開始后第4個月14th)
【企稅晚交】
只有罰息(3%)
多交早交會收到利息(0.5%)
以上利息均屬于投資收益
其他 18/19
【PAYE】
P60 給員工 2019.5.31
P11D 給HMRC和員工 2019.7.6
P45 給離職員工
【Income tax – loss】
Trading loss against general income
2021.1.31之前claim
【NIC】
Class 1A 上交時間 2019.7.22
【CGT】
Gift relief
稅務(wù)年度結(jié)束之后的四年之內(nèi)雙方一起去claim
Rollover relief
處置和購買所在稅務(wù)年度結(jié)束之后的思念之內(nèi) 兩者取晚
Entrepreneur relief
2021.1.31
【Corporation tax – loss】
Trading loss 抵減當(dāng)期,抵減過去:
loss產(chǎn)生的accounting period結(jié)束之后的兩年之內(nèi)
Trading loss 抵減未來:
用loss抵減的accounting period結(jié)束之后的兩年之內(nèi)
Group relief:
claimant company享受抵減的accounting period結(jié)束之后的兩年之內(nèi)
【VAT】
季度結(jié)束后一個月零七天
在線提交vat return和稅款
第一次晚交產(chǎn)生surcharge period
在surcharge period中晚交罰款
2%,5% ,小于400不用交
10%,15%,至少交30
cash & annual accounting scheme
門檻:1,350,000(不含稅)
離開:1,600,000
flat rate scheme
門檻:150,000 (不含稅)
離開:230,000 (含稅)
【IHT】
生前稅:贈予所在稅務(wù)年度結(jié)束之后的4.30 和 贈予當(dāng)月月末之后6個月 取晚
死亡稅:去世當(dāng)月月末之后的6個月
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA(MA)科目考試中,每年都會有一個重要考點(diǎn)經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)在試卷題目里,那就是“Accounting for overhead”, ccounting for overhead 包含三個流程內(nèi)容:allocation,apportionment,absorption。 本次文章就是對于apportionment中的reappointment(再分?jǐn)?進(jìn)行講解。
01、What is “3A”
在吸收成本法中認(rèn)為產(chǎn)品成本應(yīng)該包含所有的生產(chǎn)成本,對于直接人工成本,直接原材料成本和直接費(fèi)用可以直接計入到產(chǎn)品成本中,但是對于生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用不能直接計入到鏟平成本中,為了解決這個問題,我們在accounting for overhead章節(jié)中學(xué)習(xí)了“3A”法:allocation,apportionment,absorption,具體流程如下:
第一步Allocation:
Allocation is the process by which whole cost items are charged direct to a cost unit or cost centre.(將生產(chǎn)成本中的直接成本直接分派到產(chǎn)品上,將不能直接歸屬到產(chǎn)品上的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用,歸屬到部門上,生產(chǎn)部門的費(fèi)用歸屬到生產(chǎn)部門上,生產(chǎn)車間中服務(wù)部門的費(fèi)用歸屬到服務(wù)部門上,對于無法區(qū)分的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用比如水電費(fèi),生產(chǎn)部門和服務(wù)部門都有并且不好區(qū)分,此時就歸集到general cost center)
第二步apportionment:
Apportionment is a procedure whereby indirect costs are spread fairly between cost centre.(將服務(wù)部門和general cost centre中的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門)
共有兩次分?jǐn)偅?/p>
Apportionment(一次分?jǐn)?:將general cost centre中的成本分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門和服務(wù)部門
Reapportionment(二次分?jǐn)?、再分?jǐn)?:將服務(wù)部門中的成本分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門。
第三步absorption:
Overhead absorption is the process whereby overhead costs allocated and apportioned to production cost centres are added to unit, job or batch costs.(將生產(chǎn)部門中的生產(chǎn)成本吸收到單位產(chǎn)品中)
我們本次的重點(diǎn)就是Reapportionment(二次分?jǐn)?、再分?jǐn)?:將服務(wù)部門中的成本分?jǐn)偨o生產(chǎn)部門。
02、The methods of reapportionment
在reapportionment中涉及三類方式:
Direct method,
step down method,
reciprocal method
(對于reciprocal method交互法共包含兩種方法:Repeated distribution持續(xù)分配和Algebra代數(shù)法,但是Repeated distribution在考試中不進(jìn)行考察,所以這里只講解代數(shù)法,并且當(dāng)題目中指明使用交互法進(jìn)行計算時,默認(rèn)使用代數(shù)法)。
會計網(wǎng)通過表格的形式進(jìn)行總結(jié)并附加一道例題對于這三種方式進(jìn)行講解。
我們接著分析例題,同時通過視頻更詳細(xì)地講解這個知識點(diǎn)在考試中如何運(yùn)用~
03、Example
What would be the total overheads for production department A once the service department costs have been apportioned?
1. Direct method
Step 1:分?jǐn)侾部門
A分?jǐn)偟降馁M(fèi)用=2500*25%/80%(W1)=$781.25
Step 2: 分?jǐn)俀部門
A分?jǐn)偟降馁M(fèi)用=2700*20%/75%=$720
Step 3: 求和
Total overhead of A= 3000+781.25+720=4501.25
W1:按照已知條件,P部門的生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用會分?jǐn)偨o四個部門A25%,B25%,C30%,Q20%,此時的分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)是25%+25%+30%+30%=100%。但是在Direct method 中,認(rèn)為服務(wù)部門之間不進(jìn)行費(fèi)用分?jǐn)?,所以此時在分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)中要把服務(wù)部門Q的20%,分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)就是變?yōu)榱?00%-20%=80%, A部門在這其中的占比就變成25%/80%. 同理在分?jǐn)俀部門時,分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)也從100%,變成了100%-25%=75%,此時在分?jǐn)俀部門費(fèi)用時,A部門的占比為20%/75%
Summary:當(dāng)服務(wù)部門之間不進(jìn)行分?jǐn)倳r,分?jǐn)偦鶞?zhǔn)要排除服務(wù)部門的占比,也就是分母要排除服務(wù)部門的占比。
2. Step down method
Step 1:分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用大的部門,Q(會分?jǐn)偨o服務(wù)部門)
A分?jǐn)偟劫M(fèi)用=2700*20%=$540
P分?jǐn)偟劫M(fèi)用=2700*25%=$675
Step 2: 分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用小的部門,P的總費(fèi)用(不進(jìn)行服務(wù)部門之間分?jǐn)?
Total overhead P=675+2500=$3175
A分?jǐn)偟劫M(fèi)用=3175*25%/80%=$992.19
Step 3: 求和
Total overhead of A= 3000+540+992.19=$4532.19
3. reciprocal method (Algebra代數(shù)法,服務(wù)部門之間相互分?jǐn)?
Step 1:設(shè)立未知數(shù)解方程,假設(shè)P總共分?jǐn)偝鋈サ馁M(fèi)用為P’, Q總共分?jǐn)偝鋈サ馁M(fèi)用為Q’
P’=2500+25%Q’
Q’=2700+20%P’
解得:P’=$3342.11 Q’=$3368.42
Step 2: 求分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用
P部門分?jǐn)偨oA=3342.11*25%=$835.53
Q部門分?jǐn)偨oA=3368.42*20%=673.68
Step 3: 求和
Total overhead of A= 3000+835.53+673.68=$4509.21
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA考試當(dāng)中,F(xiàn)2階段“accounting for materials”是比較重要的章節(jié),對考生來說也存在一定的難度,今天會計網(wǎng)就跟大家重點(diǎn)詳解“accounting for materials”這個考點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。
這一篇的重點(diǎn)是理解 Inventory control 是個啥。Material放在倉庫里,我們就叫它inventory,那么material是從哪里來的?又用于哪里?誰來看管它們?又有怎樣復(fù)雜的流程呢?給你一張圖再加上我的解析,保你知根知底~
首先,我們先代入角色,站在倉庫老大(倉庫管理員)的位置看一切流程。
在一個陰霾霾的早晨,身為倉庫萬物主宰的你(倉庫管理員)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最受歡迎的Material A沒有庫存了!!!
于是你填了一張purchase requisition note給采購部門申請購買,采購部門確認(rèn)了就會給Supplier供應(yīng)商發(fā)一張Purchase order采購訂單,向他們買Material A,供應(yīng)商就會寄快遞或者直接把Material A送到倉庫并且會附帶一張GRN(goods recieved note 收貨單)讓你確認(rèn)收貨了再寄還給他。
貨到了,你就要開始驗(yàn)貨了,貨確實(shí)是Material A,而且數(shù)量跟采購訂單對上了,并且質(zhì)量也合格,你就填好收貨單(GRN)返還給供應(yīng)商。這時候會計部門就要給供應(yīng)商打錢了,這筆交易成功。你不能忘記更新你的庫存記錄哦~
第二天部門B、C、D要用到Material A生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品,于是他們填了一張Material requisition note 領(lǐng)料單給你,你同意后就把Material A 給他們了,同時你還需要更新庫存記錄。第三天,部門C發(fā)現(xiàn)領(lǐng)多了一些Material A,正好部門D少領(lǐng)了,于是C可以直接給給D,但是也要立個單據(jù)。部門B也多領(lǐng)了材料,于是就退還給了你。你還是得繼續(xù)更新庫存記錄哦。
好了,看了這段解析,請問倉庫管理員你熟悉了你的工作流程了么,我來考考你~
Q: The following relate toprocedures for materials :
(i)Check the goodsreceived note
(ii)Raise a storesrequisition note
(iii)Update the storesledger account for the purchase
(iv)Raise a purchase order
What would be the correct orderof the above when in the process of purchasing and using materials?
你想出來了么?答案是iv i iii ii。這里還需要注意的一個點(diǎn)是GRN收貨單上是不包含金額的,是倉庫管理員確認(rèn)收貨時給出的單據(jù),因此不寫金額,對于企業(yè)的存貨反而會更加安全一些,以防監(jiān)守自盜的情況。
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA考試中,Throughput Accounting一直都是PM科目中比較難理解的考點(diǎn),對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就跟大家詳解這個重難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,我們來看看吧。
01、Background
Just in time(JIT):JIT是一種管理理念。在JIT下,企業(yè)注重運(yùn)營效率,目標(biāo)是生產(chǎn)所需要的產(chǎn)品,而不是庫存。在JIT管理理念下,一般使用Throughput accounting進(jìn)行成本核算。
Key points:JIT的特征是不喜歡存貨,按照訂單生產(chǎn)和采購。
Theory of constraints(TOC):Bottleneck determines the whole production capacity of the organisation.
Key points:
a. External & Internal:瓶頸可以是內(nèi)部的也可以是外部的,但是外部的難以管理。
b. There is one and only one bottleneck:有且僅有一個瓶頸。
c. Five steps for dealing with a bottleneck activity(identify-exploit-subordinate-elevate-return)找到瓶頸-充分利用-其他流程協(xié)作-提升瓶頸-重新定義新的瓶頸。
02、Throughput
Assumption:假設(shè)短期內(nèi)只有原材料成本是變動成本
Calculation of profit
Key points:
a. Value of inventory=Material cost
b. Throughput=Sales revenue of sales volume- Direct material purchase costs,所以要想throughput最大化必須要讓采購進(jìn)來的存貨盡快銷售出去產(chǎn)生銷售收入。
c. 在TA中,只有material cost是變動成本,其余的包括labour cost都是固定成本,寫法有:Operational expenses/Total Factory costs/Conversion cost/Fixed cost,但是需要注意Factory costs≠Factory overhead,F(xiàn)actory overhead只是間接的固定成本,還需要在TA中特殊存在的直接的固定成本,通常就是labour cost (factory overhead+labour cost=factory costs)。
03、Throughput accounting ratio(TPAR)
首先當(dāng)然是讓大家瑟瑟發(fā)抖的公式要會背:
Key points:
1. 計算TPAR
Return per factory hour需要注意分子和分母的單位都是per unit(單位金額、單位數(shù)量)
Cost per factory hour需要注意分子分母都是total(總金額、總數(shù)量),如果是同一個工廠里面生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品,Cost per factory hour是相等的。
2. 提升TPAR
提升TPAR的分子Return per factory hour:
分子:(Sales revenue per unit-material cost per unit)
分母:Bottleneck resources per unit ↓,每一單位使用的瓶頸資源減少,即瓶頸資源使用效率提升。
減少TPAR的分母Cost per factory hour:
分子:Total factory cost ↓,也就是總的固定成本減少。
分母:Total bottleneck resources ↑,總的可使用瓶頸資源增加,也就是產(chǎn)能增加。
做題步驟:1.找到瓶頸;2.分析瓶頸流程的TPAR
3. 最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)計劃:TPAR越大越好。
做題步驟:
Step 1:找到瓶頸資源;
Step 2:計算TPAR(如果是同一個工廠內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品可以直接通過return per factory hour進(jìn)行比較)
Step 3:按照計算出來的TPAR或者return per factory hour進(jìn)行排序,越大的越先生產(chǎn)。(如果有已經(jīng)簽了合同的產(chǎn)品,優(yōu)先滿足合同,再考慮TPAR的生產(chǎn)計劃)
04、Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
1)reduce inventory holding cost減少存貨持有量
2)value for money allocation of scarece resource對稀缺資源的價值分配
3)encourage short-term maximization鼓勵關(guān)注短期最大化
4)cost benefit analysis成本效益分析
Disadvantages:
1)short-termism過于短視化
2)risk of stock out缺貨風(fēng)險
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
在ACCA考試中,同學(xué)們每逢TX(UK)這門課時,遇到loss該知識點(diǎn)都會很頭大,對此,會計網(wǎng)今天就講講在考前如何快速梳理清楚每一種虧損Loss的抵減規(guī)則。
Income Tax
Trading loss
1. Loss relief against net income (可選)
抵減當(dāng)年或/和去年的扣減PA之前的total income
四種方案可選:先今年后去年,先去年后今年,只今年,只去年
抵減非trading income,全額抵減,但注意不能超過Cap。上限為以下兩者取高: £50,000或者25%*(person's total income - gross personal pension contributions)
抵減trading income,全額抵減
2. Carry forward loss relief
未使用或用完剩下的自動帶到未來,直到用完為止
抵減未來的Trading income,必須全額抵減
3. Trading losses relieved against capital gains (可選)
抵減金額為以下兩者取低:Trading loss – general income 或者Capital gain – current capital loss – capital loss brought forward(全額)
4. Early trade loss relief(可選)
開始經(jīng)營前四個tax year,任意一年的trading loss 可以抵減過去三年的扣減PA之前的total income
全額抵減,無cap,從最早的一年開始,三年都要抵減
注意開始經(jīng)營前三個tax year的稅務(wù)期間,loss 不可以overlap
5. Terminal loss relief(可選)
計算出Terminal loss,從最近的一年開始抵減過去三年的Trading profit
全額抵減
Property loss
帶到未來抵減未來產(chǎn)生的Property income,必須全額抵減
普通租賃loss只能抵減普通租賃收入,F(xiàn)HL loss抵減FHL 收入
Capital Gain Tax
Capital loss
當(dāng)年的Capital loss 必須全額抵減
Capital loss brought forward 過去年份帶來的Capital loss 只需將今年的capital gain 降低到AE金額即可
Corporation Tax
Trading loss
五種方案任選其一
1. Current period relief only
2. Current period relief, then carry back relief
3. Current period relief, then carry forward relief
4. Current period relief, then carry back relief, then carry forward relief
5. Carry forward relief only.
Current period relief
抵減產(chǎn)生loss 的Accounting period 的扣減QCD之前的total profit
全額抵減
Carry back relief
先做Current period relief之后才可以Carry back relief
抵減產(chǎn)生loss 的Accounting period 開始之前12個月內(nèi)的扣減QCD之前的total profit
全額抵減
Carry forward relief
抵減Accounting period里的扣減QCD之前的total profit
抵減金額隨意
Property loss
必須全額抵減產(chǎn)生loss 的Accounting period內(nèi)的扣減QCD之前的total profit
剩余l(xiāng)oss 自動帶到未來,抵減Accounting period里的扣減QCD之前的total profit,抵減金額隨意
Capital loss
必須全額抵減產(chǎn)生loss 的Accounting period內(nèi)的capital gain
剩余l(xiāng)oss 帶到未來必須全額抵減capital gain
來源:ACCA學(xué)習(xí)幫
acca免考F1-F9九門的學(xué)校主要有格拉斯哥大學(xué)的MAcc International Accounting and Financial ManagementBachelor of Accounting and Finance/Accountancy with Finance專業(yè)、牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)的MSc Accounting專業(yè)、鄧迪大學(xué)的MSC Professional Accountancy專業(yè)等。
除了以上這些國際的學(xué)校,國內(nèi)也有很多高校mpacca專業(yè)的學(xué)生,可以免考9門科目。例如,上海財經(jīng)大學(xué)mpacc學(xué)生,參加acca考試,可以免考F1-F9共九門課程。中國人民大學(xué)、上海交通大學(xué)、復(fù)旦大學(xué)、中央財經(jīng)大學(xué)、中山大學(xué)的MPAcc專業(yè)也可以免考accaF1-F9的考試。但是并不是所有院校的mpacc專業(yè)都有免考9門的資格,大家可以進(jìn)入acca官網(wǎng)查詢一下。
ACCA免考科目查詢流程
1、復(fù)制下方鏈接到瀏覽器中,就能進(jìn)入查詢界面,https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/help/exemptions-calculator.html
2、在institution name中輸入學(xué)校名稱;在country中勾選國家,填好后點(diǎn)擊search,
3、在跳出來的學(xué)校列表中,點(diǎn)擊自己的學(xué)校,
4、找到學(xué)位證書類別以及畢業(yè)時間,查詢免考結(jié)果,
5、已經(jīng)獲得的免考資格會顯示在上方,滿足一定條件后可以獲得的免考資格會顯示在下方。
ACCA怎么申請免考
有免考科目,可以向acca官方發(fā)郵件申請追加免考,首先需要在官網(wǎng)下載免考申請表,然后填寫好后將證書的原件和翻譯件、申請表以電子版形式發(fā)送至acca官方郵箱,提交之后等待官方審核,考生可以通過郵件接收審核結(jié)果,也可以登錄MYACCA賬戶查看最新免試信息。
英國免考acca的學(xué)校主要有格拉斯哥大學(xué)、卡迪夫大學(xué)、斯特靈大學(xué)、華威大學(xué)、紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)、鄧迪大學(xué)、牛津布魯克斯大學(xué)等,考生也可以在acca官網(wǎng)查詢學(xué)校免考情況。
以下為英國免考acca的學(xué)校的具體免考情況:
1、格拉斯哥大學(xué):
MAcc International Accounting and Financial ManagementBachelor of Accounting and Finance/Accountancy with Finance專業(yè)可以免試9門科目,為(F1-F9)。
2、卡迪夫大學(xué):
BSc Accounting/Accounting and Finance專業(yè)可以免試8門科目,為(BT-LW,PM-TX,AA-FM)。
3、巴斯大學(xué):
BSc(Hons)Accounting and Finance專業(yè)可以免考6門科目,為(BT-LW、FR、FM),MScAccounting and Finance專業(yè),可以免試5門科目,為(BT-LW、FR)。
4、斯特靈大學(xué):
Bachelor of Accountancy專業(yè),免考科目為(BT-LW,PM,F(xiàn)R,F(xiàn)M)共7門;
MSc International Accounting and Finance專業(yè),免考科目為(AB-LW,F(xiàn)R,F(xiàn)M)共6門。
5、華威大學(xué):
BSc Accounting and Finance專業(yè),免考科目為(BT-TX,F(xiàn)R,FM)共8門。
6、紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué):
MA International Financial Analysis專業(yè),免考科目為(BT-LW)共4門。
7、鄧迪大學(xué):
MSC Professional Accountancy專業(yè),免考科目為(BT-FM)共9門。
8、牛津布魯克斯大學(xué):
MSc Accounting專業(yè),免考科目為(BT-FM)共9門。
acca免考科目查詢?nèi)肟?/strong>
如果想知道自己的學(xué)校專業(yè)有沒有免考的科目,但是不知道怎么查詢的,可以通過下方鏈接,按照下面的操作流程查詢:https://portal.accaglobal.com/accrweb/faces/page/public/accreditations/enquiry/main/EnqInstitutionsTable.jspx
復(fù)制鏈接在瀏覽器中打開就能直接進(jìn)入查詢頁面,在Institution Name一欄填寫大學(xué)名稱,可以是關(guān)鍵字形式例如輸入,在Country中勾選國籍會顯示相應(yīng)國家的學(xué)校信息;選擇后在下拉的學(xué)校列表中,找到想要查詢的學(xué)校,點(diǎn)擊學(xué)校就能進(jìn)去查看各專業(yè)明細(xì);在各專業(yè)學(xué)位中找到學(xué)位證書類別,選擇學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度或者畢業(yè)時間,選擇之后就可以得到該學(xué)校專業(yè)的免考結(jié)果。
在免考結(jié)果中,已經(jīng)獲得的免考資格顯示在上面,滿足一定條件可以獲得的免考資格情況顯示在下面。如果有對應(yīng)的免試科目的話,如果是沒有注冊,可以在注冊時提交相關(guān)的證明材料申請免考,如果已經(jīng)注冊,也可以向acca官方發(fā)郵件申請追加免考,填寫免試申請表申請免試,官方審核通過后,就不需要參加該科目的考試了,減輕了學(xué)習(xí)的壓力,備考acca的過程會輕松很多,離拿證的時間也更近一些。
香港嶺南大學(xué)一年制碩士項(xiàng)目認(rèn)可度高。如香港嶺南大學(xué)會計學(xué)碩士,一年學(xué)習(xí)即可獲取會計學(xué)深造文憑及會計學(xué)碩士證書。
香港嶺南大學(xué)會計學(xué)碩士(MAcc)課程糅合了中西課程特色,理論與實(shí)踐并重。為期一年的全日制會計學(xué)碩士課程,除了教授學(xué)員會計理論、審計、稅務(wù)等行業(yè)必修課,助他們?yōu)槿蘸罂既I(yè)會計師資格做充分準(zhǔn)備外,亦致力培育學(xué)員的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及其他商業(yè)軟技能,使他們能做全方位的事業(yè)發(fā)展。
持有認(rèn)可大學(xué)的學(xué)士學(xué)位;或具有其他同等學(xué)歷(視乎申請者情況作個別考慮);
如申請者并非持有本港大學(xué)頒授的學(xué)位或于非英語教學(xué)的大學(xué)取得學(xué)位,須通過以下任一考試,且不低于所要求的分?jǐn)?shù):
托福:不低于550分(紙考)或79分(網(wǎng)考);或
雅思(學(xué)術(shù)類):不低于6.5分。
持有同等資格者,本課程將因應(yīng)個別情況作考慮。
申請費(fèi):400元港幣
申請方法:學(xué)校官網(wǎng)線上申請
必修科目(7科,共21學(xué)分)
ACT501 Auditing(3學(xué)分)
ACT502 Business and Company Law(3學(xué)分)
ACT503 Cost and Management Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT504 Financial Accounting and Reporting(3學(xué)分)
ACT505 Hong Kong Taxation and Tax Planning(3學(xué)分)
ACT506 Managerial Finance(3學(xué)分)
ACT601 Accounting Theory(3學(xué)分)
學(xué)生于第一學(xué)期完成6個必修科目(共18學(xué)分),總平均成績積點(diǎn)達(dá)到2.67或以上,可獲取會計學(xué)深造文憑(Postgraduate Diploma in Accountancy(PGDA))。擁有該文憑的學(xué)生具備注冊報考香港會計師公會(HKICPA)專業(yè)資格課程(Qualification Programme or QP)的資格,但注冊結(jié)果由香港會計師公會作最終決定。
選修科目(選修以下任何4科)
ACT602 Research Project in Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT604 China Taxation:An International Perspective(3學(xué)分)
ACT605 Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT606 Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination(3學(xué)分)
ACT607 Financial Statement Interpretation and Analysis(3學(xué)分)
ACT608 The Economic Law of China(3學(xué)分)
ACT609 Advanced Auditing(3學(xué)分)
ACT610 Accounting Ethics and Corporate Governance(3學(xué)分)
ACT611 Comparative Legal Systems(3學(xué)分)
ACT612 Data Analytics for Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT613 Environment,Social and Governance(ESG)Issues in Business and Accounting(3學(xué)分)
ACT614 Financial Regulatory Environments of Hong Kong and Mainland China(3學(xué)分)
FIN545 Environmental Social and Governance(ESG)Investing and Sustainable Finance(3學(xué)分)
?需完成11個學(xué)科(包括7個必修科目及4個選修科目)及最少取得共33學(xué)分
?總平均成績積點(diǎn)達(dá)到2.67或以上
?符合畢業(yè)要求的學(xué)生,將獲授予會計學(xué)碩士學(xué)位
?學(xué)生于第一學(xué)期完成6個必修科目(共18學(xué)分),總平均成績積點(diǎn)達(dá)到2.67或以上,可獲取會計學(xué)深造文憑(Postgraduate Diploma in Accountancy(PGDA))。
Great changes will take place in 2012 for IFRS,in this critical year,what key milestones can help you to ensure you will be well prepared for filing your first interim IFRS financial statements 2011 will be discussed in this training.
In the context of increasing global usage of IFRS and expected convergence of PRC GAAP with IFRS over the coming years,we will discuss both the current differences between PRC GAAP and IFRS as well as highlighting some of the developments in IFRS that are currently under discussion.This training is appropriate for both the novice in IFRS financial reporting who needs to be up-to-date quickly,and the veteran financial professional who is looking for a refresher course which including current issues and projects.In this course we will highlight IFRS VS PRC GAAP with details to help you on applying these two standards into your real business.
Understanding that accounting standards are not just a matter for specialists
Cementing your knowledge of IFRS with hands-on case studies and examples
Recognizing and going beyond the difference between IFRS and Chinese GAAP
Technical analysis and discussion on the latest strategic updates and future direction of IFRS
Implementing IFRS accounting for assets,liabilities and owners equity
Revisiting basic concepts such as lease accounting,impairment,fair value,revenue recognition,contingencies,financial instruments,business combinations…
Providing recent updates and their consequences including IFRS for small and medium-sized entities
Guidance on the challenges to face when first time adoption or implementing new/or some specific standards
CFO/CEO/CIO
Finance Director/Manager/Controller
Auditing Manager
Accounting Manager
Investment/Financial/Equity Analysts
Day 1
A.Introduction to IFRS
-Latest Developments at the IASB
-Convergence with US GAAP
-Convergence with Chinese GAAP
-IFRS–a principle based framework of accounting
-Summary of IFRS 2009-2011 updates
-IFRS and fair value considerations,IFRS 13 Fair value measurement
B.Assets
-Current assets,IAS 2 Inventories/CAS 1 Inventories
-Tangible fixed assets,IAS 16 Property,Plant and Equipment/CAS 4 Property,Plant and Equipment
-Current update of lease accounting,IAS 17 Leases;ED/2010/9 Leases/CAS 21 Leasing
-Intangible assets–intellectual property and development costs,IAS 38 Intangible assets/CAS 6 Intangible assets
-Borrowing costs,IAS 23 Borrowing costs/CAS 17 Borrowing costs
-Impairment,IAS 36 Impairment of assets/CAS 8 Impairment of assets
C.Liabilities
-Contingencies,IAS 37 Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets/CAS,13 Contingencies
-Retirement benefits,IAS 19 Employee Benefits/CAS 9 Employee Benefits
-Update of financial instruments and hedge accounting,IFRS 7 Financial Instruments:Disclosures/CAS 37 Financial,Instruments:Presentation and Disclosures,IFRS 9 Financial Instruments/CAS 12 Debt restructuring;CAS 22 Financial Instruments:Recognition and Measurement,CAS 23 Transfer of Financial Assets;CAS 24 Hedging
D.Income and expenditure
-Revenue recognition,IAS 11 Construction contracts/CAS 15 Construction contracts,IAS 18 Revenue;ED/2010/6 Revenue from contracts with,customers/CAS 14 Revenue
-Taxes,IAS 12 Income Taxes/CAS 18 Income Taxes
-Other Income statement topics,IAS 20 Accounting for Government grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance/CAS 16 Government Grants,IAS 21 The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates/CAS 19 Foreign Currency Translation,IFRS 2 Shared-based Payment/CAS 11 Share-based payment,IFRS 8 Operating Segments/CAS 35 Segmental Reporting
Day 2
E.Consolidation and business combinations
-What constitutes a business combinations,IFRS 3 Business combinations/CAS 20 Business combinations
-Inclusion of investments with differing levels of control,IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements/CAS 33,Consolidated financial statements,IFRS 11 Joint arrangements/CAS 2 Long term equity investments,IFRS 12 Disclosure of interest in other entities
F.Financial statements and first time adoption
-Disclosure requirements,IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements/CAS 30 Presentation of financial statements,IAS 7 Statements of cash-flows/CAS 31 Cash flow statements,IAS 8 Accounting policies,changes in accounting estimates and errors/CAS 28 Changes in accounting policies and estimates and correction of errors,IAS 10 Events after the reporting
period/CAS 29 Events after the balance sheet date,IAS 24 Related party disclosures/CAS 36 Related party disclosures,IAS 33 Earnings per share/CAS 34 Earnings per share,IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting/CAS 32 Interim financial reporting,IFRS 5 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations
-First time application issues,IFRS 1 First-time adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards/CAS 38 First Time Adoption of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises
G.Summary of ASBE/CAS/IFRS differences
-Recap the differences between old and new Chinese GAAP with IFRS
H.IFRS for SMEs(Small and Medium Sized Enterprises)
-To whom does it apply?
-Differences Between“Full”IFRS and“IFRS for SMEs”
想了解詳細(xì)課程資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流。
Worldwide famous‘Toyota pioneered lean practices’crashed and burned in early 2010,which changed the fate of the world top one automobile manufacturer and also rang the alarm bell to all the finance and operation executives that how to avoid Toyota tragedy while implementing lean finance into production.
As the lean approach percolates into ever wider circles of operations,it ceases to be about best practice and starts to become a part of the fabric of doing business.The important thing,in the heat of competition,will be how well companies implement them and averse the follow-up risks,which caused by the diversity of cultures,infrastructures and environments.
This training aims to look at wider ranging operational excellence programs and the methods of successful implementation.It is also more about building the energy and engagement of employees from the shop floor and the office pool upward,tapping into their ideas,focusing them on constant problem solving,and keeping them open to change and flexibility.
Learning how companies like Boeing,Parker Hannifin,Siemens,Messier Dowty and hosts of smaller firms are revolutionizing accounting,control and measurement processes
The first systematic lean program about the specifics of adapting financial systems to better serve lean operations by the world leading lean authority
Providing accurate,timely and understandable information to motivate the lean transformation throughout the organization,and for decision-making leading to increased customer value,growth,profitability,and cash flow
Using lean methods to eliminate waste from the accounting processes while maintaining thorough financial control
Supporting the lean culture by motivating investment in people,providing information that is relevant and actionable,and empowers continuous improvement at very level of the organization
Developing action plans for implementing Lean Accounting methods in participating companies considering the existing defense industry structural barriers
Learning the approach of how to design and measure work to achieve business objectives to implement your lean system design
Helping the design of a radically new way of the processes and savagely eliminating wastes from it
Putting performance measurement on a different level
Reducing customer wait times and creating value to them by kinds of tools
Executive Leaders,Financial Professionals,Lean Specialists
Financial Directors,Financial Managers,Accountants
Senior Managers in Operations,Product,Procurement,Sales,and Marketing,etc.
Highly recommending to bring a small group or team to the workshop to maximize the benefits
Lean Introduction
Five Principles of Lean Thinking
New lean methods of accounting,control&measurement
Box Score
The Structure of Box Score
Box Score implementing in lean accounting to prioritize the lean improvement projects
Value Stream Management
The importance and helpfulness of value streams
A standard method for determining the value stream flows
Flows implementing for developing the best value stream organization
Group Work:Design a value stream structure for a company making values and manifolds
Lean Performance Measurements
Lean measurements‘Starter Set’
‘Lean Performance Measurement Linkage Chart’
Changing‘command&control’management style to a lean management style
Value Stream Accounting
Value streams as the primary cost objects
Collecting information of summary,direct value stream revenue and cost
Creating a‘Plain English’income statement
Exercise
Value Steam Capacity
Value steam map
Capacity model
Value stream capacity usage and analysis
Exercise
Decision Making
Box Score decision-making templates
Effective decision making
Exercise
Transaction Elimination
Identifying and eliminating the wasteful transactions
Transaction Elimination Maturity Path Matrix
Lean Accounting‘Footprint’Chart–current&future state
Documenting the changes
Exercise
Box Score in an Administrative Process
Box Score for monitoring and improving the process
Radical improvement in an account payable process
Implementation of Basic Lean Accounting
Approach to the implementation of basic lean accounting
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流。
我們以外資企業(yè)實(shí)用案例為主,中英文雙語教學(xué),并結(jié)合外企財務(wù)實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬訓(xùn)練的咨詢式互動,幫助學(xué)員突破財務(wù)專業(yè)英語的壁壘,增強(qiáng)自己的財務(wù)管理技能和專業(yè)資質(zhì),確保自己在競爭激烈的職場中出類拔萃,自信面對國際化的挑戰(zhàn)。
今年,全球首個財務(wù)英語考試——劍橋財務(wù)英語國際證書考試(Cambridge International Certificate in Financial English,ICFE)在全球20個國家和地區(qū)舉行,反響熱烈。該考試是劍橋大學(xué)考試委員會ESOL(English for Speakers of Other Languages)考試部和特許公認(rèn)會計師公會ACCA(The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants)聚其專業(yè)知識所長,共同研發(fā)的考試項(xiàng)目。高頓財務(wù)培訓(xùn)引進(jìn)ICFE項(xiàng)目,并精心挑選核心和針對在華外企的精華內(nèi)容,推出了外企財務(wù)英語高級研修課程。
了解會計職能、政策和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的財務(wù)英語
掌握會計假設(shè)方法和原則的英語運(yùn)用
明確資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表與其他財務(wù)報表的相關(guān)英語
掌握審計、風(fēng)險管理、法務(wù)會計的相關(guān)用語
學(xué)習(xí)折舊、分期償還、合并收購等商業(yè)戰(zhàn)略財務(wù)英語
外企財務(wù)實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬訓(xùn)練的咨詢式互動中英文雙語教學(xué)
CFO、FC、FD、內(nèi)審總監(jiān)、投資總監(jiān)
財務(wù)經(jīng)理、會計經(jīng)理、投資經(jīng)理、內(nèi)控經(jīng)理、內(nèi)審經(jīng)理
企業(yè)財務(wù)人員、審計人員、內(nèi)控人員、投資部人員
其他高級管理人員
DAY ONE | DAY TWO |
A.Accounting -Accounting and Accountancy -Accounting Policies and Standards -Accounting Assumptions and Principles -The Balance Sheet -The Other Financial Statements -Management Accounting -Exercise:Communicating Effectively
| B.Auditing -Auditing -Risk assessment analysis -Forensic Accounting -Exercise–Discussion(Audit) C.Business Finance -Depreciation and Amortization -Mergers and Acquisition -Exercises–Discussion(M&A) -Leveraged Buyouts -Exercise:Expressing Opinions and Feelings |
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取
CFO EVA,LIFO,FIFO,do these professional terms of accounting and finance still seem like a foreign language to you?Can you eliminate the mystery behind the numbers of the financial statements?Or,how would you utilize those financial concepts to become a greater asset to your company?
As a business executive,you experience the tide of global change in ways few others do.And you know that to manage this tide,which will only intensify in the years ahead,you need a foundation that is at once timeless and flexible.Higher position means greater responsibility where understanding and talking the language of finance becomes a significant part of the job,executives at all levels need to be adequately equipped.
Finance and Accounting for the Non-Financial Manager teaches the basics of financial reports,as well as the fundamentals of business valuation and the creation of shareholder value.The course begins by describing the accounting process and the creation of financial statement,meanwhile,reveals the company’s operation and finance truth behind the data.Once knowing how to read financial statements will be invaluable throughout your career,in analyzing business opportunities,assessing financial risks,communicating your ideas to others,and dealing with the real business situations.
Breakthrough the language of finance
Understanding the basic accounting model and its limitations
Analyzing and interpreting financial statements within the context of industry analysis and macroeconomic fundamentals
Mastering forecasting techniques
Providing rigorous tools and approaches to measure the effectiveness of your expenditures
Clarifying financial statements and their relationship to strategic decisions
Communicating more effectively with financial managers and accountants
Understanding different valuation techniques and respective benchmarks
General Managers,Directors,Experienced Managers
Vice President and Top Executives in all respective
Business Managers,Department Heads&Managers
Sales&Marketing Managers
Accountants,Corporate Treasury Managers
Investment Professionals
Any staff with a non-financial background looking to learn the fundamentals of finance
Finance Fundamental | Management Application |
-Introduction to the Course -The role of the finance function -Working with the finance teams -How companies succeed on finance? -Accounting Information—The Language of Business -What is financial accounting? -Why Financial Accounting is necessary? -Some process,terminology and concepts -Learn how financial data is generated and reported -Users and interpretation of Financial Statements -Managers and Financial Statements -The concept of shareholder value -Demystifying Financial Statements -Components of Financial Reports:balance sheet and P&L -Use financial data to evaluate the performance of department,organization,or division -Understand how accountants measure income,and show how it is related to a balance sheet -Cost of goods sold -The accrual concept and timing adjustments -Financial statements:graphical balance sheet simulation -Revisit the Income Statement and Balance sheet in a financial perspective -Cash Flow Statement,Distinguishing income from cash flow -The shortcomings of accounting -Implications of Revenue Recognition -Know effects of fair value measurement on financial statement -Analysis of Financial Statement—Where do you find useful information? -Qualitative Characteristics of financial Information -Locate and use sources of information about business performance -How accounting information assists in decision making -Linking decisions to financial metrics -How to increase ROCE -Profitability ratios -Economic Value Added(EVA TM) -Financial Decision Making -Profitability,liquidity ratios -Managing working capital -Financial Leverage -Debt ratios -Measuring business risk -Cash management -Study of the Annual Report of a Listed Company -Case:analyzing and interpreting a listed company’s annual report -Accounting Creates Value -Functions of management accounting -Management accounting compared to financial accounting -How the use of cost information defines its focus and form -Break-even analysis:ensuring fixed costs are covered -The costing principles and avoiding costing traps -The difference between traditional cost management systems and activity-based cost management systems
| -Budgeting and Forecasting:A Must in Pricing Effectively for Profit.Selecting the Best Costing Method and the Relevant Practical Pricing Theory -Budgeting and Forecasting:Two sides of the same process -Understanding the different steps involved in the process -How to minimize the risks in assessing the hypothesis underlying the performance -The cost information for pricing and product planning -Cost based pricing:a value-added approach -Customers:an outside in pricing -Competitors:predict their price -How to price effectively for profit,evaluating pricing methods -Case Study -Capital Investment Decision:Cash is King! -Cash flow forecasts as a planning tool -EBITDA,free cash flows -The analysis of return of capital employed,payback period,and discounted cash flow -Establishing cash flow forecasts -Calculating Net Present Values,IRR -Company Valuation:Risk and Corporate Characteristics -The fundamental tools of investment appraisal -The cost of capital and WACC,and how these are determined -The sensitivity analysis:how sensitive are key decision to potential changes in circumstances -Approaches to valuation -Capital Markets,Investment Banking and Financial Instruments:How to Face Your Long-term Financing Issues and More? -An introduction to capital markets -Different forms of financing(long term,short term) -Debt versus Equity -Gearing and beta factors -Capital Asset Pricing Models -Tax shields -Investing in China through Mergers or Acquisitions:Financial Business Practices and Managing the Related Risks -An Overview of the M&A market in China -Understanding the valuation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the structuring gap by the buyer -Understanding the negotiation gap between sellers and buyers -Understanding the execution gap -Understanding the challenges of the integration gap -Taking into account the Human dimension of any merger or acquisition |
想了解最新詳細(xì)課程大綱及資料,點(diǎn)擊網(wǎng)頁左側(cè)的在線咨詢圖標(biāo),與在線老師交流咨詢領(lǐng)取。
根據(jù)HKICPA官方消息,2024年12月考季注冊評審于23年12月1日開始,5月31日截止!考生注意!錯過這次報名,還要再等一年才能參加考試!
HKICPA報名條件
本科及其以上學(xué)位學(xué)歷,可申請Associate階段相應(yīng)科目的豁免;或?qū)?茖W(xué)歷需參加香港學(xué)術(shù)及職業(yè)資歷評審局(HKCAAVQ)評估,達(dá)到香港High Diploma/Associate Degree/Level 4以上即可獲得QP考試資格。
HKICPA考試科目
Module 1–Accounting會計
Module 2–Management Accounting管理會計
Module 3–Business Economics企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)
Module 4–Business Management企業(yè)管理
Module 5–Information Management信息管理
Module 6–Financial Accounting財務(wù)會計
Module 7–Financial Management財務(wù)管理
Module 8–Principles of Auditing審計原則
Module 9–Principles of Taxation稅務(wù)原則
Module 10–Business and Company Law企業(yè)與公司法
Module 11 Financial accounting財務(wù)報告
Module 12 Business finance企業(yè)財務(wù)
Module 13 Business assurance業(yè)務(wù)鑒證
Module 13 Business assurance業(yè)務(wù)鑒證
Module 14 Taxation稅法
Capstone綜合
HKICPA報考順序如何安排
首先,Introductory Workshop是一定要先通過的,但它可以和M11-M14的考試同時報名,所以大家在第一次考試時最多可以報一個Introductory Workshop再加上M11-M14中的兩門。M11-M14這四門科目考試沒有固定順序,大家可以結(jié)合自身規(guī)劃選擇先考哪一門。如果是首次報考,每個考季只能報兩門。如果之前已經(jīng)考過但沒有通過,就可以再多報,比如同時報3門或者4門。但建議大家還是量力而行,因?yàn)槊恳婚T考試要準(zhǔn)備的內(nèi)容還是比較多的。
美國性價比高的一年制碩士大學(xué)推薦!可選紐約大學(xué)、密歇根大學(xué)安娜堡分校、卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)、伊利諾伊大學(xué)香檳分校和普渡大學(xué),這幾所2025QS世界排名前100,學(xué)歷含金量高,畢業(yè)好找工作,詳細(xì)的學(xué)制、招生條件和考試信息,快來看看吧!
一、紐約大學(xué)
2025 QS全球排名:43
專業(yè):會計學(xué)碩士(Master of Accounting)
學(xué)習(xí)時長:一年制
語言要求:托福100+,雅思7+
標(biāo)化考試:若主修商科且GPA在3.0以上可豁免;否則需提交GMAT/GRE成績
特色:項(xiàng)目設(shè)有先修課要求,包括Financial Accounting、Managerial Accounting、Statistics or Data Analytics等。
二、密歇根大學(xué)安娜堡分校
2025 QS全球排名:44
專業(yè):會計碩士(Master of Accountancy)
學(xué)習(xí)時長:8個月
語言要求:托福100+,雅思7+
標(biāo)化考試:GPA在3.30以上可豁免;否則需提交GMAT/GRE成績
特色:項(xiàng)目要求在校期間完成一定的先修課補(bǔ)充(不接受網(wǎng)課平臺),如Financial Accounting、Managerial Accounting等。項(xiàng)目不強(qiáng)制要求工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),但建議有一定的實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)踐經(jīng)歷。
三、卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)
2025 QS全球排名:58
專業(yè):統(tǒng)計實(shí)踐碩士(Master of Statistical Practice)
學(xué)習(xí)時長:一年制
語言要求:托福105+(口語部分至少28分),雅思(口語部分至少9分)
標(biāo)化考試:需要提交GRE成績
特色:該項(xiàng)目分為兩個學(xué)期,重點(diǎn)在于Data Analysis,Statistical Computing,and Professional Skills。錄取率約為10%,先修課程包括兩學(xué)期的微積分基礎(chǔ)概率論及數(shù)理統(tǒng)計、線性回歸分析、矩陣代數(shù)等。
四、伊利諾伊大學(xué)香檳分校
2025 QS全球排名:69
專業(yè):會計碩士(Master of Accountancy)
學(xué)習(xí)時長:一年制
語言要求:托福103+,雅思7.5+
標(biāo)化考試:需要提交GMAT/GRE成績
特色:無需商科背景,但需完成一定先修課程,如accounting,finance,business management,statistics,economics,可通過校內(nèi)或Coursera平臺完成。
五、普渡大學(xué)
2025 QS全球排名:89
專業(yè):金融理學(xué)碩士(Master of Science in Finance)
學(xué)習(xí)時長:10個月
語言要求:托福93+
標(biāo)化考試:需提交GMAT(不得低于500分)或GRE成績均可接受
特色:作為STEM項(xiàng)目,共包含三個學(xué)期,共37個學(xué)分,不強(qiáng)制要求申請者有金融類先修課背景。
對于考生來說,基礎(chǔ)階段的10門能夠全部豁免當(dāng)然是最好的了,如果豁免不了,也是可以打好基礎(chǔ)的,后面的考試更容易。下面就給大家?guī)硐愀跜PA基礎(chǔ)階段10門科目考試時間及題型一覽,希望能幫到大家。
1:Accounting
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
2:Management Accounting
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
3:Business Accounting
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
4:Business Management
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
5:Information Management
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
6:Financial Accounting
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
7:Financial Management
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
8:Principles of Auditing
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
9:Principles of Taxation
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
10:Business and Company law
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:開卷+100%論述題
報考USCPA的同學(xué)往往不清楚哪些科目算是會計學(xué)分,AICPA報考會計指定科目一般有:財務(wù)報表(financial statement)、成本會計(cost accounting)、審計學(xué)(Auditing)、會計學(xué)(Accounting)、管理會計(Managerial accounting)、稅務(wù)會計、會計信息系統(tǒng)相關(guān)學(xué)分。
美國很多州不認(rèn)可基礎(chǔ)會計學(xué)分,大部分州報考USCPA需要修滿24個會計學(xué)分,例如Delaware、Guam、Washington這些考州,要求較高的州需要修滿30個會計學(xué)分。
有很多在線會計課程可以讓你輕松地補(bǔ)齊AICPA會計學(xué)分,這些課程由AICPA認(rèn)可的機(jī)構(gòu)提供,可以讓你在任何時間地點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí),不同的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)的教學(xué)方法五花八門,大家可以先來試聽一些課程來挑選合適的培訓(xùn)班。
高頓教育USCPA推出了“學(xué)分補(bǔ)給計劃”,國內(nèi)已經(jīng)工作的考生可以先申請高頓AICPA網(wǎng)課試聽之后再報名參加AICPA網(wǎng)課,根據(jù)自己的需求完成學(xué)分修補(bǔ)滿足報考條件,在高頓補(bǔ)的學(xué)分可在各大認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)都可以使用的哦。
美國有55個州可以報考uscpa,大部分州要求修滿24個商業(yè)學(xué)分和24個會計學(xué)分,有個別州要求比較低修滿15個會計學(xué)分即可,也有要求較高的州需要修滿30個會計學(xué)分。
美國很多州是不認(rèn)可基礎(chǔ)會計的學(xué)分,例如Montana 蒙大拿州規(guī)定的報考條件 24個會計學(xué)分(不計算基礎(chǔ)級別的課程)+24個商業(yè)學(xué)分,且必須包含財務(wù)會計、審計、稅法、管理會計。
有的報考州可以用相關(guān)的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)代替所要求的會計學(xué)分,例如 Alaska 阿拉斯加州一年的CPA工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以代替要求的會計學(xué)分,但是工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)需要AICPA持證人的認(rèn)可才行。
很多同學(xué)都知道HKICPA是有開卷考試的,那么HKICPA的考試形式有哪些?有閉卷考試嗎?下面為大家?guī)鞨KICPA各科考試形式介紹介紹,一起來看看吧。
一、HKICPA各科考試形式介紹
HKICPA全部考試內(nèi)容都是全英文考試,分為閉卷考試和開卷考試兩種。下方為大家整理了M1-M15科目的考試形式區(qū)別:
基礎(chǔ)階段:M1-M9為閉卷考試,M10為開卷考試。
專業(yè)階段:M11-M14為開卷考試。
綜合階段:M15為開卷考試。
二、HKICPA基礎(chǔ)階段考試形式
M1:Accounting
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
M2:Management Accounting
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
M3:Business Accounting
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
M4:Business Management
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
M5:Information Management
考試時間:1個小時45分鐘
考試形式:閉卷+100%選擇題
M6:Financial Accounting
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
M7:Financial Management
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
M8:Principles of Auditing
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
M9:Principles of Taxation
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:閉卷+20%選擇題+80%論述題
M10:Business and Company law
考試時間:3小時
考試形式:開卷+100%論述題